界面新闻记者 | 刘子象

zhouer，meiguozhijiagedaxuenengyuanzhengceyanjiusuo（epic）fabuleniandu“kongqizhiliangshengmingzhishu”（aqli ）。shujuxianshi，quanqiukongqiwuranzuiyanzhongdediquzainanya。mengjialaguo、yindu、niboerhebajisitanyoushiqizhongzuiyanzhongdeguojia，erquanqiujinsifenzhiyiderenkoudoushenghuozaizheili。

2013niandao2021nianjian，nanyadiqudexikeliwu（pm2.5）wuranzengjiale9.7%，daozhigaidiquzhengtijumindeyuqishoumingjianshao6geyue。zuiyanzhongdesiguo（mengjialaguo、yindu、niboerhebajisitan）jianshouzeduoda5nian。

pm2.5laizigongye、jidongcheliangpaifang、huozaidenghuodong，juyouzhiaifengxian。jushijieweishengzuzhideshuju，36%defeiai、34%dezhongfenghe27%dexinzangbingyuzheixiepaifangyouguan。

zhijiagedaxuedexinbaogaoqiangdiao，pm2.5kongqiwuranshiduirenleijiankangdezuidawaibuweixie，biyancaoduirenleiyuqishoumingdejiansunweihaihaida。ruguoanzhaoshiweidejianyi，jiangpm2.5nongduxianzhizai5weike/lifangmidezhidaobiaozhunshuiping，quanqiurenjunyuqishoumingjiangyanzhang2.3nian。

yinkongqiwuranjianshouzuiduodezaimengjialaguo，pm2.5pingjunshuipingwei74weike/lifangmi，gaiguojuminyincipingjunjianshou6.8nian，xiangbizhixia，meiguowei3.6geyue。

2013nian-2021nian，quanqiukongqiwuranzengliangdeyue59%laiziyindude。wuranzuiyanzhongdechengshizaiyinduxindeli，pm2.5nianjunnongduchaoguo126.5weike/lifangmi，neilidejuminpingjunshoumingyincisuoduan10duonian。

kuaisudegongyehuaherenkouzengzhangshidaozhinanyakongqizhiliangxiajiangdezhuyaoyuanyin，quefajiejuewentidejichusheshihezijinyeshizhongyaoyuanyin。zhengtilaikan，nanyamuqiandepm2.5wuranshuipingbibenshijichugaochu50%yishang。

baogaozhichu，zhongguozi2014nianyilaicaiqudejianpaicuoshiqudelexianzhuchengxiao。2013nian-2021nianjian，zhongguodepingjunwuranjianshaole42.3%。ruguozheizhongjianpaixiaoguochixuxiaqu，zhongguojumindepingjunshoumingyujihuiyanzhang2.2nian。

buguo，congquanqiulaikan，jihumeiyoudiqukeyidadaoshiweizuzhidezhidaoshuiping。epicbaogaocheng，ouzhouyou98.4%dediqurengranmeiyoudadaoshiweizuzhi5weike/lifangmideshuiping。lingjushiweizuzhizuijinde，shijieshangjihusuoyoudifangdekongqiwuranshuipingdouchaoguolezheiyianquanzhi，quanshijiemei10gerenzhongzhishaoyou9gerenshenghuozaikongqizhiliangjiaodidedifang。

xifangfadaguojiamianlindezeshilingyizhongehuajumian。zongtieryan，ouzhouhebeimeidekongqizhiliangzaiguoqujishinianjiandedaogaishan，danshiriyizengduodeyehuodaozhiwuranjizeng。liru，zai2021nianmeiguojiazhoulishixingdeyehuojijie，pulumasixiandepm2.5nongduchaochuleshiweizuzhizhidaozhide5beiyishang。

muqian，beimeidejianadayehuoyijingchixulejinlianggeyue，rengranmeiyoupumie。zaidaxiyangduian，jinxiaouzhouzuizhimingdeyehuoyizaixilalianshaoleshitian，oumengduoguozhengzaichiyuan。zheixieyehuoyuqiwenshangsheng，yijijuyouqihoubianhuatezhengde。

guanyukongqiwuran，ouzhouneibudeqingkuangyeyindiqueryi。youyukongqiwuran，dongoujumindeshoumingbixioujuminshao7.2geyue。boheirengranshiouzhouwuranzuiyanzhongdeguojia，renmendeshoumingsuoduanle1.8nian。

zhengtilaikan，yazhouhefeizhoushishouyingxiangzuiyanzhongdediqu，quanqiuyinkongqiwuranjianshouzongnianshude92.7%doulaizizheili。erzheilianggediqufenbiezhiyou35.6%he4.9%deguojiazhidinglekongqizhiliangbiaozhun。yinkongqiwuran，zheiliangdazhoudesiwanglvyueweiouzhouhebeimeide100bei。

baogaozhichu，zaifeizhoudegangguo（jin）hekamailongdengguo，kongqiwuranbiaizibing、nvejiheqitajiankangweixiegengnengsuoduanrenmendepingjunshouming。zheixiefeizhouguojiajunshangbangquanqiuwuranzuiyanzhongdeqianshiming。

epicbaogaoqiangdiaoquanqiufanweineijiejuewentideziyuanfenpeibugong，kongqiwuranzuiyanzhongdediqu，yuziyuanbeibushudediquzhijiancunzaiyanzhongtuojie。gaizuzhizaixinwengaozhongcheng，zhenggefeizhoudalushoudaodeyongyujiejuekongqiwurandeguojicishanzijinhaibudao30wanmeiyuan。chuzhongguoheyinduwai，zhiyou140wanmeiyuanliuxiangyazhou。yucitongshi，ouzhou、meiguohejianadahuodele3400wanmeiyuan。

kongqiwuranyeduiquanqiujingjizaochengleyanzhongyingxiang。julvsehepingzuzhinengyuanyuqingjiekongqiyanjiuzhongxin2020niande，2018 nian，yukongqiwuranxiangguandesiwangzaochengdejingjisunshiyuewei2.9wanyimeiyuan，yuezhanquanqiugdpde3.3%。