wen | shouxirenwuguan xiaoyao

编辑 | 未未

01 自我

haoxueshengyaoyaozhudongtuichulebaoyandejingzheng，zaitabeirenweihenyouxiwangbaoyanchenggongdeshihou。

yaoyao21sui，shishandongmou“985”daxuedasidexuesheng。fangqiduyan，shitazaidayixiaxueqijieshushihoudejueding——neishi，yaoyaodezonghesuzhicepingfenshibanjipaimingdeqian15%，zhiyaojixubaochi，jiukeyidedaobaoyandejihui。

zaiyaoyaokanlai，baoyanshiyichangbikaoyangengmanzhangeryinmide“zhanzheng”，yinweibaoyanhengliangdeshigengjiazonghedejidian，gekefenshu、xiaoneizhiwuyijishijianhuodong，meiyibudouhuiyingxiangdaozuizhongdejieguo。

yinci，fenhuacongdayijunxunjiukaishi。dangyixietongxuelianbanliderenlianhaimeirenquandeshihou，lingyixietongxueyijingkaishizuzhiqijunxunzhongdehuodong。“zhanxian”huisuizheshijiandetuiyibuduanbianjilie。zuichushibanjizhiwu、ranhoushixiaoneirongyu、jinjiezheyongyoubanjizhiwudetongxue，keyijizijizaipingshibiaoxianshangjiafen，yingxiangdaozuizhongdejidian。

zuizhendaoshiqiangdejingzhengbeiliuzaidasishangxueqi，neishibaoyanmingdangongbudeshihou。biruzuijin，yaoyaozaiweiboshuadaoleyizetiezi：chizaofanshigenshanghaimouzhimingfaxueyuanyuanzhangliaotian，tashuoxianzaixueyuanzhengzaikaizhanbaoyangongzuo，meitiandounengjiedaoxueshengduitongxuedejubao。

leisideshiqingyefashengzaiyaoyaodeshenghuozhong。youtongxuecengjinggaosuyaoyao，weilenengdedaobaoyanminge，mouxietongxuehuizaichengjichulaihoujubaoqianzaidejingzhengduishoumouxiangjiafenbuhegehuozhepingshiyanlunyouwenti，yizhengquduifangbeiquxiaozige。

chiluozhibaidejingzhengxia，haochuyehenmingxian。bujinkeyibimianyiduanjizhongbeikaodekekushiguang，erqiebuxuyaojiangqiantuyazhuzaiyichangkaoshizhong，shiwentuo“shangan”dezuiyoujie。

xuexiaoliyesichuchongyingzheduibaoyandereqing。yaoyaojide，gangshangdaxuedediyizhou，kehaimeishang，xuezhangxuejiehefudaoyuanbianyijinglunfanshangzhen，quanshuodajiayidingyaohaohaoxuexi，zhengqubaoyan。zaihoulaideshoukezhong，laoshimenyehuipinpintiqiguanyuyanjiushengdezhuyishixiang。

duyan，sihuchengleweilaishenghuodeyitiaobixushirudeguidao，erfeixuanze。

jinguanbingbuxihuanjingzheng，danyaoyaozuichuyekewangbaoyan，yimibudangchubaozhiyuandeshiwu——yaoyaogaozhongxuexibucuo，gaokao600duodechengjiyuanbenkeyichongcifudanhenankaidezhongwenxi，ranerzaibaokaolaoshizaisandejianyixia，tazuizhonglaidaolexianzaidedaxuexuexibingbuxihuandehuijizhuanye。

laidaobingbuxihuandedaxuehou，tazicheng“moliu985”，bingbuduantixingshenbianren“moliu985”shangbude，baoyanchengletazirenweigaibianmingyundeweiyifangshi。

yaoyaobaochizhegaozhongxuexideguanxing，yibianbiandibeisongmeiyitiaozhishidian，renzhenzhunbeikechenghebeikao，zuizhongzaiqimojieshudeshihou，nadaolebanjipaimingdeqian15%dechengji。

yaoyaobeirenweishibaoyandeyoulijingzhengzhe。raner，zaigezhonghuominghuoandejingzhengzhong，yaoyaoduirifuyiridejixiexuexiganshoudaoleyanjuan，yebuzaijuedezijizaixueshushangnengyouzaixiangqiandekeneng。

yuyaoyaodeyanjuanbutong，90houyuanzifangqiduyan，shiyinweibeihaoyouxuexidejingtousuodadong。

2017nian，yuanzibiyeyuerbenyuanxiaotaiyuanshifanwenkezhuanye，erben、shifanhewenke，jihumeiyigeguanjiancidouzhixiangle“yidingyaokaoyan”。raner，dangtazaitongxuedeshenshangkandaoreaideliliang，biandadinglezhuyi：bureaixueshudezijihaishibucourenaole。

02 摇摆

zaidaer，yuanzirenshilehaoyouxiaoman。biaomianshang，erzhejieranxiangfan。

biruyuanzishigaokaoshichaochangfahuicailaidaolezheigeerbenyuanxiao，xiaomanzeshiyinweifahuishichang，tazaidayideshihoushenzhixiangyaotuixuefudu；shangdaxuehou，yuanzimangzhesichujianzhi，xunzhaogeleizhuanqiandefangshi，xiaomanzeguoqile“996”debeikaoshenghuo，chulexiaoneidekechenghekaoshi，tahaibushicanjiageleiquanguojingsai，yiqizaiyanjiushengqijianyuanmengmingxiao，tademubiaoshiyingguodemanchesitedaxue。

biye5nianhou，yuanzizaihuixiangdaxueshenghuo，yinxiangzuishendeshiqingshiguanyuxiaomankaoyasi。

neishiyichangbuguyiqiedebenfu，yuanzigankai。zaidangshi，xiaomanyaochuguodexiangfazhenjinglemeiyigeren，zaicizhiqian，xilizuiguangweiliuchuandebangyangshiyigekaoshangnankaidaxueyanjiushengdexuejie，zhiyuchuguoduyan，yagenmeitingshuoguoyourenshixianle。

zuichezhoudeziranshijingji。jinguanxiaomandefumuleyukandaonverduyan，danshibingmeiyouchuguodeyusuan。

图：《风雨哈佛路》剧照

xiaomancenghefumufanfudilache、zhengchao，yinianhou，yingguobianchenglezhongguoxianggang，bingqiefumutichu，buhuiweitakaoyasizhifuxuefei。ruguoxiaomanyasinengkaodao7.0yishang，tamencaihuiweizhihouyiniandexuexizhifuxuefei。

weilenengwanchengzheifenyueding，xiaomanjiuquxindongfangdangzhujiaocengke，zaiyongzhuanlaideqianzhifukaoshidefeiyong。daokaoshizhiqian，tayigongzhishangguoshijiekouyuke，xuefeishiwenyuanzijiede——zaiyuanzidudasandeshihou，gongzhonghaoxingqi，takaishijianzhixiegongzhonghao，youlexieshouru。taburenkerifuyiribeishudexuexifangshi，fanerjuedenengxueyizhiyongdeganjuezhenhao，bikaoshidailaidelequgengduo。

zaisushe，yuanzishichanghexiaomanyirenyitaibijiben，yigebeikao，yigexiegao。

sannianhou，xiaomanshoudaoofferdexiaoxichuanlaideneiyike，yuanzibiaoxiandebidangshirenhaigaoxing，xiaomanwenyuanziweishenme，yuanzishuo“zheisiniankanzheni，zhendeyouyizhongzhuimengdeganjue”。

daxuebiyehou，yuanzihuidaolaojiadangqilelaoshi，juedezhishizhuanhuanengliyiranhenzhongyao。

一百多年前，美国实用主义教育家约翰·杜威tichuleyigezhumingmingti“congzuozhongxue”，qiangdiaoshijianhejingyanduiyugetixuexichengzhangdezhongyaoxing。zheiyimingtitichuzhihou，yinfaleshehuishanghendadefanxiang，zhongguojiaoyujieyouqijiayituichong，jinxinglexiangguandejiaoyufangfagaige。

80houzhizhidejinglishizheiyimingtideyoulizuozheng。zaishijiquzuozhongzhaodaolezijizhenzhengxiangyaodedongxihou，tagaozhongbianxianghaoleyihoubuhuiduyan，congmeidongyaoguo。

gaozhongdeshihou，xuexiaodexiaobaoganggangchuangli，tabianjiarulebianjibu。yinianhou，tachengweilebaoshedeshezhang，zhudaowanchenglexiaobaoyouchuncuidewenyixingzhixiangzonghexingzhidezhuanbian，tajieshouhoudexiaobaoshangbujinyouwenxuezuopin，toubanhaihuikandengxinwen——birugaoerwenlifenkedezheiyinian，tazaixueshengzhongjianjinxinglecaifang，zuizhongzaixiaobaoshangchengxianchudajiadeguandian。tamendexiaobaohenshouhuanying，yixielianzaixiaoshuodezuozhehaiyongyouzijidefensi。

chulefuzebianjixiaobaoshangkandengdeneirong，zhaozanzhu、zuofaxing、dingyinshuadehuoeryequanyoutayigerenfuze。tacengjingyigerenpaodaoxiangzhenshangdeqitaxuexiaozhongqu，xianglaoshijieshaozijideshenfen，gaosutazijixuyao10fenzhonglaituixiaobaozhi，dedaoyunxuhoujiuzaishangkezhiqiandeshifenzhongzhanzaijiangtaishangjieshaozijifuzedexiaobao，baokuodingyuedejiage、faxingdepinlvdengxinxi。huoxushimingxiaoguanghuifashenglezuoyong，huoxushibenshenneirongzugouyouxiyinli，qitaxuexiaodexueshengdingyuedeyiyuanhenqianglie。

zaizuoxiaobaodeguochengzhong，tafajuexinwenhenyouyisi，weilaihaixiangjixucongshixiangguangongzuo。suoyizaigaokaobaozhiyuandeshihou，jinguanyuanxiaodoubujinrurenyi，tayejianchixuanzelexinwenzhuanyezuiqiangdeneiyisuo，zuizhongdudaolezijizuixiangdudexinwenzhuanye。

2004nian，takaishidaxueshenghuo，henkuaifaxianxuexiaojiaodedongxiyijingtuolishenzhiluohouyuxianshi，zijixuelaidedongximeiyoubanfamanzuxiaoyuanwaiduixinwenzhenzhengdexuqiu，zaijiashangtayizhirenweixinwenshiyimenxuyaoshijiandexueke，congdayikaishi，tajiugengjiajiandinglezijiyihouxiangzoudedaolu——“biyeyihoujiuzuoxinwen，meiyouxiangguodiertiaolu”。

yushi，tayixintourudaoshijianzhongqu，congdayideshujiakaishimeigejiaqidaogedibaosheshixi，zaimeiguanzhuguoduyanjiushengdeshiqing，jiuliantongyisushedetongxueguanyuduyandetaolunyecongbucanyu。

jinguanchengjiminglieqianmao，dantaconglaimeiyoudongyaoguobuduyandexiangfa。dasanneinian，zaishuifangli，zhizhiheyiweilaizihebeideguniangliaotian，beiwendaoyihouhuibuhuiduyan，tahuidabuhui，duifangwanquanbunenglijie：zhuanyekeqiansandeshuiping，weishenmebuqukaoyan，jizijiyigegenghaodepingtai？

danwulunbierenlibulijie，zhizhihaishijiandingdizouzijidelu。

yeyouyigeyuanyinshi，zaidangshi，zheibingbushiyitiaoshaoshurencaihuixuanzededaolu。

zhizhijide，banjiliyousanshiduogeren，zuizhongduyanderenzhiyouwuliuge，daduoshurenhaishibileyezhijiequzhaogongzuo。qizhongyouyixieshiyinweijiajingbijiaokuanyu，jialihuidongyongguanxiweitamenzaijiaxiangzhaodaoyifenbucuodegongzuo，shengxiadeshixiangtayiyangxiangqudachengshichuangyichuangde。

zaitadudaxuedezheisinian，woguodegdpcongshisanwanyikaishi，yibubutupo20wanyi、30wanyi，zengsuyecong9.5%daoleliangweishu，zuizhongyoushijiediliuweishangshengdaoshijiedisanwei。

erzheisinian，woguoputonggaoxiaobiyeshengrenshufenbiewei338wan、413wan、495wan、559wan，quanguozhaoshoudeshuoshishengshuliangwei31.23wanren、34.21wanren、36.47wanren、38.85wanren，gaoxiaobiyeshengjiuyelvyizhibaochizai70%yishang。

ersuiranzaoyouzhimeihandonglun，dangshibaozhidefazhanyiranshixinxinxiangrong。yizuwenzhongshangzhangdeshujukeyiqingxizhengming：

2004nian，quanguogongchubanbaozhi1922zhong，pingjunqiyinshu19521.63wanfen，zongyinshu402.4yifen，zongyinzhang1524.8yiyinzhang；

2005nian，quanguogongchubanbaozhi1931zhong，pingjunqiyinshu19548.86wanfen，zongyinshu412.6yifen，zongyinzhang1613.14yiyinzhang；

2006nian，quanguogongchubanbaozhi1938zhong，pingjunqiyinshu19703.35wanfen，zongyinshu424.52yifen，zongyinzhang1658.94yizhang；

2007nian，quanguogongchubanbaozhi1938zhong，pingjunqiyinshu20545.37wanfen，zongyinshu437.99yifen，zongyinzhang1700.76yiyinzhang；

2008nian，quanguogongchubanbaozhi1943zhong，pingjunqiyinshu21154.79wanfen，zongyinshu442.92yifen，zongyinzhang1930.55yiyinzhang。

xianzaikanlai，neikenengshizhimeizuihouderongguang。dao2022nianshi，quanguochubanbaozhideshuliang，jinshengxia266yifen。

03 崭新的生活

zhishaodaoxianzai，zhizhiheyuanzidoubucengweimeiyoukaoyanerhouhui。

biyezhihou，zhizhilaidaolebeijing。

tadediyifengongzuoshizaitizhineidebaoshe，richangneirongjiushigenyulaobeijingrenliaotian，zhuanxietamenderenwugushi。duiyugangbiyededaxueshenglaishuo，zheifengongzuozaiyalihedaiyushangdouhenhao，danyezaiwuxingzhizhongxingchengleshushiqu，rangrenjuedemeiyoutiaozhan。liangnianhou，talikailezheili，qulejingzhengjiliededoushibao，zuoshehuixinwen。

图：《编辑部的故事》剧照

huixiangqineiliangnian，tayehuijiashe，ruguoneiliangnianyonglaiduyanjiusheng，zijideshenghuohuiyoushenmebuyiyang。zuizhong，taxuanzeyongzijixihuandeyijuguanggaocizuoweidaan，shilizongshengzainew balance110zhouniandeduanpianlishuode：“renshengmeiyoubaizoudelu，meiyibudousuanshu”。

zaidongchengdeneiduanshijian，tadedaolehenduo，qizhongzuidadecaifushiguishugan。jinguanxianzaiyijingbuzaidongchengqushenghuo，meidangxinqingbuhao、yalidadeshihou，tahaishihuixuanzezuoditiequdongchengdejieshangzouyizou。“jinniancitywalkhuoleyihou，wojiuxiaole，woduoshaonianzhiqianjiuzaicitywalkle。”zaitakanlai，zheishiyizhonghennanyongqianmaidaodetiyan。

zaidongchengliangnianjileixiadeziyuanhejingyan，yeweitadexiayifengongzuotigonglehenduobangzhu，tazaixindanweishiyingdehenkuai，mashangchengweilebumenzhongbiaoxianzuihaodejizhe。zheizhongziwojiazhideshixianchengweitahenduoxingfugandejichu。

gengzaodijinruzhichang，yerangtaganshanglegengheshidemaifangshiji。

biyeliangnian，takaishichoubeimaifangjiehun，laogongshidaxueshitandeduixiang，tongyangreaixinwen，qiexiangxinzheishiyimenshijiandexueke。2010nian，tamenzaibeijingsanhuanbianmaileyitaohenxiaodeershoufang，dangzuohunfang，zongjiabudao100wan，shoufushijialibangmangchude，lianggerenfuzehaifangdai——zheitaofangzizaijinianhoumaichushi，zhangdaolejin300wan。

yibulingxian，bubulingxian。

wunianhou，tamenzandaolediertaofangdeshoufu，zheicishisihuanwaidedasanju，youzhizhixihuandedayangtai，nanbeitongtoudechufangheketing。gengjiaxingyundeshi，tamenmaifangdeshiji，shibeijingfangjiadexinyilunbaozhangzhiqian。mairujiage，daohoulaiyouzhangle200duowan。

zheixiezhenshidecaifujilei，yezaihendachengdushangjiaqianglezhizhibuhouhuidediqi。

eryuanziyezaibiyesannianneijinglilehuangongzuo、huanchengshishenghuo、maifang，wanchenglesangezaitakanlaishirenshengzhongbijiaozhongyaodejiedian。tabingbujuede，zijiyinweimeiyoukaoyanersunshileshenme。

yaoyaozeshicongdasanxueniangangkaishibianbutingxiedizhaoshixijileijingyan，zaisijiagongsishixiguohou，zheigeshujiatadedaolezijixiangyaodemeitigongzuo。laobangaosuta，kaixuehouhaikeyiyuanchengshixi，shunlidehua，biyeshinengzhijiejioffer。

zheihuoxubufuhehenduorenduiwenkeshengdeyinxiang。zhangjiuyilai，zaishehuidekebanyinxiangzhong，wenkeshengwangwangyongyouzhehenqiangdeyingshinengli，queyouyushubenshangyitiaotiaodelilun，tuolilexianshiheshijian，ertamensuoyongyoudezhishichubeibingbunengbangzhutamenzhijiehuodejinqian，shenzhishiyifenzhuanyeduikoudegongzuo，yinciwenkeshi“wuyong”de。

但这未必正确。

ruguoshiyongyiweizheyoushijiyiyi，neimetoushenshijianshiwenkeshengdeyizhongshiyongzhuyi。zhiyouquzuo，caizhidaoxianshishizenyangde，rangzijigenghaodirongrushiji。zhiyouzhenzhengqushijian，caizhidaogairuheyunyongsuoxuedezhishi，yecainengshiqixiaoyongdadaozuida。

图：《编辑部的故事》剧照

zhengrudeguozhexuejiafeixitesuoshuo：“xingdong，zhiyouxingdong，cainengjuedingjiazhi。”

zhizhihenrenkeleijunzaiqianxietiandeyanjiangshangbiaodadeguandian：“99%dewentidouyoubiaozhundaan，zhaogedongderenwenwen”，zaitakanlai，henduoshiqingjiushiqushi，erbushiyudaowentijiujuedezijikendingjiejuebule，huozhekandaobierenjiejuebulejiujuedezijiyidingyejiejuebule。pingjiezheizhongxiangfa，tazuochenglehenduoshiqing。

tagongzuoguodebaoshe，zaibeijingyigongzuoqiangdudazhucheng，shirenshezhangshiweiyongyuandouzhiangyangdelaomeitiren，meizhouwudeyewuhuishang，marendesangmenjingchangnengcongsilouchuandaoyilou。danzhizhirenketadehenduolinian，baokuotajingchangguazaizuibiande，zhumingzhandisheyingshiluobote·kapadeneijuhua：“ruguonidezhaopianpaidebugouhao，neishiyinweinikaodebugoujin。”

tongyang，nianqingdezhizhidangshibeiguanshudelinianyeshi：ruguoxinwenxiedebugouhao，neishiyinweilidebugoujin；ruguomeiyounadaoxuyaodexinwensucai，neishiyinweixiangyaodexinqingmeiyouzugoujiqie，meiyouzugounuli。

dangran，zhizhirujinxuehuilegengduopingheng。

rexianjizhedefengkuanggongzuo，rangtadeshentichuxianguodadaxiaoxiaodewenti。rendaozhongnian，tayexuehui“kanjian”zheixiejingdeng，birujinliangbuaoye，yinweiqubieyunengkangzhulianxutongxiaoyebandenianqingshihou，xianzaigongzuodaolingchenyiliangdian，tajiuzhengsubunengrushui，ruguomoutiangongzuodaolingchenwudian，jiexialaidejitian，jingshendouhuiweimibuzhen。

gengzhongyaodeshi，zaidangxiadehuanjingzhong，nulisihubuzainengjiejueyiqiewenti。

tazhinengyizijidefangshiqujianchichuxin。zuoweineirongchuangyezhe，tahuijinzhituanduichanchuzhiyouxuetoudewenzilaji，zaigongsineibu，pingpanyipiangaojianhaohuaidebiaozhunli，zhiliangshizhongbeifangzaidiyiwei——xingyeligengchangguidezuofa，shikanshuju。

zaibeisudeshidai，jiakuaijiaoburongyi，jianchichuxinhennan。dangwenkenvzaiyulunchangbeidashanggezhongbiaoqian，dangkaoyankaogongchengweiyuedingsuchengyibandexuanze，yiranyouhenduoren，yonggandiquyongbaoxianshi，zoujinfenglangzhongquchengzhang。

zheijiuxiangwujunzai《daxuezhilu》deqianyanzhongshuodeyiyang：“womennenggoupaodegengyuan，jinjinshiyinweiwomenhaizaipao，rucieryi。”