界面新闻记者 |
界面新闻编辑 | 彭飞
jinniandeshanghaiwanshengjie,rangjianzhushengmen“pofang”le。
zheishiyigebutongyiwangdewanshengjie,nianqingrenmenchuanzhechuangyishizudefuzhuangzoushangjietou,congshouwo79yuanhuaxizimeibide“lijiaqi”、 dayinzhaopiantieliande“tangseng”、dao“zheiying”、“yifang”,“wanshengjie”beiguochengle“wangengjie”。
qichukandaozheixie,liuxianghaizaigankaishanghaidebaorong、chuangyiyuhuoli。zhidaotakandaoyimingjianzhuxuecoserzuozaimalutaijieshangxiangluren“qitao”,tachadianleimu,“tazaiyanwo,zhendehenhengongqingle。”
liuxianggaosujiemianxinwen,xianzaitujianzhuanyeyijingcheng“geng”le。zaitakanlai,haishiyufangdichanxingyexunsuhualuoyouguan,zaitaruxue(2010nian)deshihouhaishixiangbobozhuanye,douqiangzhejin,danxianzaidouzaiquantui。
yijingzhuanxingchenggongdezhangyangzhengzaishejiaopingtaiquantuixiangyaobaokaojianzhuxuederen,“biebaojianzhu,biebaojianzhu,nengquantuiyigeshiyige。”
zhisuoyizheiyangshuo,shiyinweijinliangnianyilai,bushaoshejiyuandouchuxianjiangdijibengongzihejiangjinbilideqingkuang,jiabanchengweirichang,gongzuoneirongyuelaiyuefuzaqierongcuolvyuelaiyuexiao,shuyu24xiaoshidaiming。zhangyangbiaoshi,shenbiandaduoshurendouxuanzelizhizhuanxingle。
liyun2019nianbiyehouzaiyiminqishejiyuanrenzhibudaosannian,yeguoduanlikai,rujinzaijiadaiyeyinianyouyu。tadelikailiyoushi,zijimeixiangshouguojianzhuxingyedehongli,yebuzhidaotayihounengchachengshenmeyang,erqielizhiyiqianqueshiyemeishenmexiangmule。
yibaneryan,jianzhuleizhuanyexueshengzhuyaoyousangechulu,fangdichangongsi、shejiyuanheshigongdanwei。guoqufangdichanshichangchuyugaosufazhanjieduan,jianzhuxuechengweirenrenjingxiangzhuizhuderemenzhuanye,danjinliangnianxingyechixuxiaxing,rechaotuiqu,dapirenbudebutaoli“jianzhuweicheng”。
“建筑生”的挣扎
dichanhonglibuzai,xiripingjieyiqiangrexuejijinjianzhuxuelingyuderenzhengjingliyichangzhiyekunju。
“xiangzhuanxing,meidezhuan;buzhuan,youbuxing。”
liuxiangdexianzhuangshibujiaban,danyemeiyougongzina。tagaosujiemianxinwen,zijizaiyijiayangqishejiyuan,meigeyuegongzi3000-4000yuan,danyijingqianxin10geyue,bulizhishiyinweisuozaichengshijiuyegangweijiaoshao,yekeshiweizaiyuqiyedubo,kanshifouhuimianlinpochan。
yiweizaishenzhencongshijianzhuyederenshiyegantan,zheiliangniandichanxingyebujingqi,yebojidaotamen,jinnianbujinshourushaolesanfenzhier,haidanxinmeiyouchixudeyewu,tasuozaidegongsimuqianjinyouyixiecunliangyewu。
zirenweishi“zhuanglenanqiang”deliulubiaoshi,qishi2018niandejianzhuxueyijingzaizouxiapolu,danzuizhongyiwufanguruxuedeliyoushi“reai”。meixiangdaoreaidaijizijidequeshiwanmingbandetongxiao,qianqingdeboziyuhongzhongdeyanjing。
tacongweijianguoyounagexingyexiangjianzhuxingye,jiangjiabantongxiaofengweiguinie,yongtilihetumiandeduiqiyangaikongdongdeshejisiwei,yonghuashaodexingshihekuazhangdecizaoyangaizheigexuekeneihedexuwu。kanqingzheiyidianhou,taxuanzeguoduanlikai。
buguo,zailiyunkanlai,zhenzhengkunnanshicong2021nianxiabanniankaishi。xuduoqiyedafudujiangxin,zhenggexingyechixushousuo。zaijiashangfangdichanxingyechixudiaozheng,dao2023nianhenduogangweishourukanban,zhengtigangweizhishaosuoshuisifenzhiyi。
yourenshenzhigankaijianzhushejibufucunzai。
daizhemanmanchongjingjinrujianzhuxingyedesunjie,yeweicengxiangdaoziji“chudaojidianfeng,haimeiguojinianhaorizi,jianzhuxingyeturanjiu‘kua’le,nianxinguzhe,yuexinyijiangzaijiang,rangrenhuaiyicengduguodeshuyijiyishusuyangtongtonghuaweiwuyou。”
jiangbenzengxiaozaoyichengweixingyegongxing。majiansuozaideyijiaminqishejiyuanquniannianzhongjiangyedazhe,bingqiekpiyesuizhitigao。juqimiaoshu,zaijianzhushejiyuanrenzhideshouruzhuyaoshijibengongzijianianzhongjiang,nianzhongjiangshuyudatou,yibanshejiyuannianzhongjiangdoushishijiershiwanshenzhiyishang。
“qunianwotingshuohaojigedayuandenianzhongjiangdoudaduizhe,zheiyixiashaolebushao。”majianshuodao。
tujiantingcande。majianxiangjiemianxinwenbiaoshi,dangnianhenduorennazhenengjinqingbei(qinghua、beida)defenshujinletumujianzhu,985biyehounazheyuexinjiqiandegongzi。
fangdichanxingyexiaxinghou,youxiecongyezheyexiangzhezhuanxing。majianshuo,tayijingkaishicongjiegoushejizhuanxingzuojianmoruanjian,danyiranshuyufangdichanshangxiayouqiye。
“dajiashenbiandepengyoudabufendoushitujianxingye,duiyuruhezhuanxing,yehenjiaolv。”
bujincongyerenyuangongzixiajiang,jiulianjianzhugongsizheiliangnianyemianlindaliangzhengtizhuanrangdeqingkuang。
从“状元专业”到“天坑专业”?
shinianhedong,shinianhexi。zaihenduorenyanzhong,jianzhuzhuanyezaoyidieluoshentan,congxiride“zhuangyuanzhuanye”bianchengle“tiankengzhuanye”。
yourenshenzhimaiyuan,tumujianzhuzhuanyeyinggaizaibenkeyuanxiaoxiaoshi。“dangnianjianzhuxuebuguanzainasuoxuexiao,doushidangjiazhuanye,jibendoushifenshuxianzuigaodezhuanyezhiyi,rujinbujinluqufenshuxianyiluoqianzhang,lianxuezhiyewugaisile。”
jinnian8yue30ri,yizhangwangchuangonggaozaijianzhuxingyeneiyinqireyi。wangchuangonggaoxianshi,dalianligongdaxuegonggao,yaojiangqichengxiangguihua、jianzhuxuezhuanyenianxianyou5niandiaozhengwei4nian。yeneirenwei,dalianligongzuoweijianzhu“xinbaxiao”zhiyi,yuzuochucigaibian,huoxuyeshiyinweizhaoshengkunnan。
congjianzhu“laobaxiao”( qinghuadaxue、dongnandaxue、tianjindaxue、tongjidaxue、haerbingongyedaxue、huananligongdaxue、zhongqingdaxuehexianjianzhukejidaxue)jinjiniandeluqufenshuxianlaikan,zhengtiqushidequeyousuoxiahua。
congzhei8suoxuexiaozaishandong、henan、hebei、anhuisigegaokaodashengdeluqufenshulaikan,zai2020-2022nian,chuqinghuadaxuewai,qiyu7suogaoxiaojianzhuxuesannianneideluqufenshupingjunjiangdichaoguo35fen,zhanbigaoda85.71%。qizhong,zuigaodetongjidaxuesannianjianpingjunjiangfenyue70fen,dierweishihaerbingongyedaxue,sannianpingjunjiangfenyuewei56.3fen。
erzaihunan,jianzhuleizhuanyezhengchengwei“diandi”zhuanye。jinnian6yue,juhunanshengjiaoyukaoshiyuanfabude2023nianputonggaoxiaozhaoshengluqukongzhifenshuxian,jianzhuleizhuanyebenkeluqufenshuxianwei421fen,shichufuzhuang、meishuheyinlezhei3gezhuanyemenleiwailuqufenshuzuididezhuanye。
zhiqianjinian,hunanshengjianzhuleizhuanyedeluqufenshuxiancengchaochucaihui、yiwei、shangmaodengzhuanye,buguorengchuyuliannianxiahuaqushi。zai2019nian-2022nian,gaididejianzhuleiluqukongzhifenshuxianfenbieshi605fen、600fen、535fen、501fen。
liyunrenwei,zheiyufangdichanxingyedexingshuaiguanlianhenda,guoqufangdichanruhuorutufazhan,jianzhuzhuanyeyeyinci“chixiang”,yizhiyuhenduoyuanlaiwanquanmeiyoulikezhuanyedeyuanxiaoyekaishejianzhuxue,baokuoyixiedazhuanzhongzhuanyekaijianzhugongchengzhuanye。danxianzaifangdichankaishiqupaomo,taolideshidaiguoqule,shichangrenyuangongguoyuqiu,zhuanyeziranjiulengqing。
zheiqijian,wangshangzhenduijianzhuzhuanyede“quantuitie”bibijieshi,“xueshenmedoubuyaoxuejianzhu、guihua、jingguan。”
zheipi“quantui”deren,yourenyijingzhudonghuobeidongzhuanxing,yourenhaizaikuku“jianshou”。 majianlikaishejiyuanhou,qingxiangyuzaishejiaopingtaishangfenxiangzijidezhuanxingjingyan,bingweiwangyoutigongshejiyuandeyixieneimu,“xiwangdajiabuyaocaikeng。”
yeyourenxuanze“taobi”。zhongguomeishuxueyuanbiyedezhangxue,shouyiyulaoshidetuijianjinruhuajianjituanhuadongjianzhushejiyanjiuyuan。danzuizhongyeshireqingdibuguoxianshi,kanbuqingweilaizouxiang,tajuedinglizhikaobo,“xingshibutaihao,xianduoduo。”
wangshangyipian“quantui”sheng,jiazhixingyexiaxingyoumugongdu,haichuyuxuexijieduandejianzhushengmenyeshifenmimang。wangrangaosujiemianxinwen,jinniandasijianzhuerbenxuexiaozaidu,dangchushidiaojidaojianzhuxue,bingbureaigaizhuanye,buqingchujiexialaiyinggaikaogong、kaobian,haishikaozhuanyeyoushiyaozoujinzheigexingye。
daozuihou,dajiaxingchengyigegongshishi,jiajingyouwo、youxingqu、youtianfu,caishiheliuzaijianzhuxingyenei,“haiyaojiageqiantitiaojian,laobaxiao。”
“其他的,快跑。”
建筑专业路在何方?
jianzhushengjiti“shiyi”,yufangdichanxingyeyoushengzhuanshuaixixixiangguan。
2012nian-2021nian,quannianfangdichankaifatouziyou71804yiyuanzengzhangzhi147602yiyuan。zhidao2022nian,quanguofangdichankaifatouzishoucichuxianfuzengzhang,dangniankaifatouziewei13.29wanyiyuan,bi2021nianxiajiang10%。
fangdichanzhengzhengrishangshi,gaoxiaoyeweixingyeshusongleyuanyuanbuduandejiuyerenyuan。zhujianbushujuxianshi,shejixingyecongyerenyuancong2011niande172wanzengzhangdao2020niande440wan,shinianjianrenyuanzengzhang156%。
zhidaoxingyeshengbian,shichangduirenyuanxuqiudafujiangdi,daduoshufangqiyekaishiledadaokuofuderenyuanyouhua。
yimingminyingminxifangqirenshigaosujiemianxinwen,gongsizaiqunianxiabannianyejinxinglerenyuanyouhuahexinzidiaozheng,jiangxin25%,zhizhenduizhonggaoceng,jicengyuangongmeijiang,“dannianzhongjiangdoumeile,gongsizongbucongyuanlaide300rendaoxianzaizhisheng100duoren。”
zaitakanlai,jianzhuzhuanyemuqianshihencan,jiuyezaoyulexingyecongweimianlinguodeshendudiaozhengshiqi,suiranxianzaigexinggeyedouhencha,dandichanyouqicha。
jiangxincaiyuanshidaduoshufangqicaiqudepubiancuoshi。jupengboshetongji,yijinnianshangbannianmoduibi2021niandeyuangongshuliang,dichangongsizhongrenyuanjiangfuzuidadewujiashiyuzhoudichan、jinke、yangguangcheng、hejingtaifu、rongxinjituan,jiangfudouzai60%yishang,zuigaodeyuzhoudichandadao81.8%。
zheixiebeicaiderenyuanzhong,zhuyaoyisheji、jianzhu、yingxiaoleigangweijuduo。yijinniandaduoshufangqixiaoshouguimochixuweisuodeqingkuanglaikan,daoniandihaiyoujixuyouhuarenyuandekeneng。
rujin,shangyoudapijianzhushenghaizaixiaoyuanhuitu、jianmo。cengjingyinyiweiaodejianzhuzhuanye,huizouxianghefang,jianzhushengmenyougaizouxianghechu?
xianjianzhukejidaxueyimingjiaoshizaijieshoujiemianxinwencaifangshibiaoshi,jinru21shijiyihou,jiyuchengshixunsukuozhang、renmenzhufangtiaojianxuyaohewanshandeng,jianzhuxingyeyinglaiyigefazhandehuangjinjieduan,zaizhenggeshichangxuqiuxia,jianzhuzhuanyechengweilingrenxianmudezhuanye,ruxinzihuibao、xingyediweideng。zaizheigeguochengzhong,henduogongkeleiyuanxiaoyefenfenzengbanlegenjianzhuxueyouguandezhuanye。
danjinliangnianlai,jianzhuxingyeshoudaojiaodadechongjihetiaozhan。xianrujin,gaokaozhiyuandetianbao、duigaoxiaodexuanzeyushichangjiehejinmi,suoyijianzhuleizhuanyezaigaokaoluquguochengzhong,fenshudouyouyidingxiajiang,zheihenzhengchang。
“congjiaoyudefazhanjiaodulaijiang,jianzhuleiyijiusuanshiyigebijiaochuantongdechanyelingyu,jinrudisicigongyegemingyihou,rendekexuejishuzhuyaoyilaiyurengongzhineng、liangzixinxi、qingjienengyuandeng,zheiduijianzhuxueleisidezhuanyeyedailaixindetiaozhan。”
“jianzhuzhuanyehaibuzhiyubianchengtiankengzhuanye,zhishishuoshehuiduixueshengdezhiliang,duigaodengjiaoyudejiaoyufangshitichulegenggaodeyaoqiu,”suoyi,jianzhuleigaoxiaoyixuyaojieheshehuidefazhanhebianhua,buduanwanshanjiaoyutixi,gengxinjiaoyulinian,fuyujianzhugengxiandaihuadeneirong。
lumingciqianrenzhiyusichuanchengdouyijiaminqishejiyuan,houzhuanzhijiafang,rujinzhuanxingdaosichuanmouerbenyuanxiaojiaoshoujianzhuxuezhuanyekecheng。
tagaosujiemianxinwen,jinnianzhengtixueshengzhuangtaibijiaodimi,duixingqinghenshidanyou,“chengdouzheibiandeshejiyuanxianzaizhiduilaobaxiaohuoshuangyiliuyingjiedaxueshengkaifangshixizhaopin,yixiexueshengzhidequleshigongdanwei。”
“zhuangyuanzhuanyeshirenchaochulaide,xianzaidetiankengzhuanyeyeshirenchaochulaide。”lumingbiaoshi,jinnianjianzhuxingyezuidadenandianzaiyu,youjuanyouleihaikanbudaoxiwang。
“juan”dezhuyaoshishijian,xianzaijuedaduoshushejiyuanshifuwuyudichangongsizuoshangye、zhuzhaisheji,dichangongsiyaodejiedianheshijianyuelaiyuejinpo,yinweiyaonashigongxukezheng,yaokaigong,yaodadaoyushoutiaojiancainengkaipan。“zheigeshijian,zuoweizibenkendingshixiwangyuekuaiyuehao,xiankaipanyouyoushi。”
lumingrenwei,shejiyuanyalidahaiyouyibufenshihuikuanwenti,henduoxianjinliubuhaodedichangongsiweilebaojiaofuhuijianshaoshejidefukuanjishigongdanwei,erqieyibufenzhengfuxiangmuyebuhaoyaohuikuan,liuchengzouqilaihenfansuo。
suiranjiuyeqianjing、xingyexianzhuangkanqilaidoubuleguan,danyebuyiweizhejianzhuxingyejiuzoudaolejintou。
“weilaijianzhuzhuanyeyirancunzaidaliangkongjian,biruchengshigengxin,zhuzhaigaizao,ditantantao,shangyedichanmoshizhuanbian。”zailumingkanlai,zhuzhaishizhonghuiyouxuqiu,chengshiyexuyaogengxingaizao,jiexialai,jianzhushejishihuigengduodisikaorenhejianzhudeguanxi,zheishihaoshi。
ruhuadongjianzhushejiyanjiuyuanchengshigengxinyuanchangwufuyuanzhangyezhongnansuoshuo,zhiyaochengshihaizaijianshefazhan,jianzhuzhuanyeqianjingjiuhaizai,“quanwangquantuikenengshishijiaowenti,meizhendaoneigechengdu,yinggaimeinianhaiyoubushaorenjiaruzheigexingye。”
(yingshoufangzheyaoqiu,wenzhongrenmingjunweihuaming。)
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