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【shendu】fangdichanhonglibuzai,xuetujiandezhuangyuanmenxianruzhiyekunju

saoyisaoxiazaijiemianxinwenapp

【深度】房地产红利不再,学土建的状元们陷入职业困局

“zhiyaochengshihaizaijianshefazhan,jianzhuzhuanyeqianjingjiuhaizai。”

图片来源:图虫创意

界面新闻记者 | 王婷婷

界面新闻编辑 | 彭飞

jinniandeshanghaiwanshengjie,rangjianzhushengmen“pofang”le。

zheishiyigebutongyiwangdewanshengjie,nianqingrenmenchuanzhechuangyishizudefuzhuangzoushangjietou,congshouwo79yuanhuaxizimeibide“lijiaqi”、 dayinzhaopiantieliande“tangseng”、dao“zheiying”、“yifang”,“wanshengjie”beiguochengle“wangengjie”。

qichukandaozheixie,liuxianghaizaigankaishanghaidebaorong、chuangyiyuhuoli。zhidaotakandaoyimingjianzhuxuecoserzuozaimalutaijieshangxiangluren“qitao”,tachadianleimu,“tazaiyanwo,zhendehenhengongqingle。”

图片来源:社交平台小红书。

liuxianggaosujiemianxinwen,xianzaitujianzhuanyeyijingcheng“geng”le。zaitakanlai,haishiyufangdichanxingyexunsuhualuoyouguan,zaitaruxue(2010nian)deshihouhaishixiangbobozhuanye,douqiangzhejin,danxianzaidouzaiquantui。

yijingzhuanxingchenggongdezhangyangzhengzaishejiaopingtaiquantuixiangyaobaokaojianzhuxuederen,“biebaojianzhu,biebaojianzhu,nengquantuiyigeshiyige。”

zhisuoyizheiyangshuo,shiyinweijinliangnianyilai,bushaoshejiyuandouchuxianjiangdijibengongzihejiangjinbilideqingkuang,jiabanchengweirichang,gongzuoneirongyuelaiyuefuzaqierongcuolvyuelaiyuexiao,shuyu24xiaoshidaiming。zhangyangbiaoshi,shenbiandaduoshurendouxuanzelizhizhuanxingle。

liyun2019nianbiyehouzaiyiminqishejiyuanrenzhibudaosannian,yeguoduanlikai,rujinzaijiadaiyeyinianyouyu。tadelikailiyoushi,zijimeixiangshouguojianzhuxingyedehongli,yebuzhidaotayihounengchachengshenmeyang,erqielizhiyiqianqueshiyemeishenmexiangmule。

yibaneryan,jianzhuleizhuanyexueshengzhuyaoyousangechulu,fangdichangongsi、shejiyuanheshigongdanwei。guoqufangdichanshichangchuyugaosufazhanjieduan,jianzhuxuechengweirenrenjingxiangzhuizhuderemenzhuanye,danjinliangnianxingyechixuxiaxing,rechaotuiqu,dapirenbudebutaoli“jianzhuweicheng”。

“建筑生”的挣扎

dichanhonglibuzai,xiripingjieyiqiangrexuejijinjianzhuxuelingyuderenzhengjingliyichangzhiyekunju。

“xiangzhuanxing,meidezhuan;buzhuan,youbuxing。”

liuxiangdexianzhuangshibujiaban,danyemeiyougongzina。tagaosujiemianxinwen,zijizaiyijiayangqishejiyuan,meigeyuegongzi3000-4000yuan,danyijingqianxin10geyue,bulizhishiyinweisuozaichengshijiuyegangweijiaoshao,yekeshiweizaiyuqiyedubo,kanshifouhuimianlinpochan。

yiweizaishenzhencongshijianzhuyederenshiyegantan,zheiliangniandichanxingyebujingqi,yebojidaotamen,jinnianbujinshourushaolesanfenzhier,haidanxinmeiyouchixudeyewu,tasuozaidegongsimuqianjinyouyixiecunliangyewu。

zirenweishi“zhuanglenanqiang”deliulubiaoshi,qishi2018niandejianzhuxueyijingzaizouxiapolu,danzuizhongyiwufanguruxuedeliyoushi“reai”。meixiangdaoreaidaijizijidequeshiwanmingbandetongxiao,qianqingdeboziyuhongzhongdeyanjing。

tacongweijianguoyounagexingyexiangjianzhuxingye,jiangjiabantongxiaofengweiguinie,yongtilihetumiandeduiqiyangaikongdongdeshejisiwei,yonghuashaodexingshihekuazhangdecizaoyangaizheigexuekeneihedexuwu。kanqingzheiyidianhou,taxuanzeguoduanlikai。

buguo,zailiyunkanlai,zhenzhengkunnanshicong2021nianxiabanniankaishi。xuduoqiyedafudujiangxin,zhenggexingyechixushousuo。zaijiashangfangdichanxingyechixudiaozheng,dao2023nianhenduogangweishourukanban,zhengtigangweizhishaosuoshuisifenzhiyi。

yourenshenzhigankaijianzhushejibufucunzai。

daizhemanmanchongjingjinrujianzhuxingyedesunjie,yeweicengxiangdaoziji“chudaojidianfeng,haimeiguojinianhaorizi,jianzhuxingyeturanjiu‘kua’le,nianxinguzhe,yuexinyijiangzaijiang,rangrenhuaiyicengduguodeshuyijiyishusuyangtongtonghuaweiwuyou。”

jiangbenzengxiaozaoyichengweixingyegongxing。majiansuozaideyijiaminqishejiyuanquniannianzhongjiangyedazhe,bingqiekpiyesuizhitigao。juqimiaoshu,zaijianzhushejiyuanrenzhideshouruzhuyaoshijibengongzijianianzhongjiang,nianzhongjiangshuyudatou,yibanshejiyuannianzhongjiangdoushishijiershiwanshenzhiyishang。

“qunianwotingshuohaojigedayuandenianzhongjiangdoudaduizhe,zheiyixiashaolebushao。”majianshuodao。

tujiantingcande。majianxiangjiemianxinwenbiaoshi,dangnianhenduorennazhenengjinqingbei(qinghua、beida)defenshujinletumujianzhu,985biyehounazheyuexinjiqiandegongzi。

fangdichanxingyexiaxinghou,youxiecongyezheyexiangzhezhuanxing。majianshuo,tayijingkaishicongjiegoushejizhuanxingzuojianmoruanjian,danyiranshuyufangdichanshangxiayouqiye。

“dajiashenbiandepengyoudabufendoushitujianxingye,duiyuruhezhuanxing,yehenjiaolv。”

bujincongyerenyuangongzixiajiang,jiulianjianzhugongsizheiliangnianyemianlindaliangzhengtizhuanrangdeqingkuang。

图片来源:受访者提供。

从“状元专业”到“天坑专业”?

shinianhedong,shinianhexi。zaihenduorenyanzhong,jianzhuzhuanyezaoyidieluoshentan,congxiride“zhuangyuanzhuanye”bianchengle“tiankengzhuanye”。

yourenshenzhimaiyuan,tumujianzhuzhuanyeyinggaizaibenkeyuanxiaoxiaoshi。“dangnianjianzhuxuebuguanzainasuoxuexiao,doushidangjiazhuanye,jibendoushifenshuxianzuigaodezhuanyezhiyi,rujinbujinluqufenshuxianyiluoqianzhang,lianxuezhiyewugaisile。”

jinnian8yue30ri,yizhangwangchuangonggaozaijianzhuxingyeneiyinqireyi。wangchuangonggaoxianshi,dalianligongdaxuegonggao,yaojiangqichengxiangguihua、jianzhuxuezhuanyenianxianyou5niandiaozhengwei4nian。yeneirenwei,dalianligongzuoweijianzhu“xinbaxiao”zhiyi,yuzuochucigaibian,huoxuyeshiyinweizhaoshengkunnan。

congjianzhu“laobaxiao”( qinghuadaxue、dongnandaxue、tianjindaxue、tongjidaxue、haerbingongyedaxue、huananligongdaxue、zhongqingdaxuehexianjianzhukejidaxue)jinjiniandeluqufenshuxianlaikan,zhengtiqushidequeyousuoxiahua。

congzhei8suoxuexiaozaishandong、henan、hebei、anhuisigegaokaodashengdeluqufenshulaikan,zai2020-2022nian,chuqinghuadaxuewai,qiyu7suogaoxiaojianzhuxuesannianneideluqufenshupingjunjiangdichaoguo35fen,zhanbigaoda85.71%。qizhong,zuigaodetongjidaxuesannianjianpingjunjiangfenyue70fen,dierweishihaerbingongyedaxue,sannianpingjunjiangfenyuewei56.3fen。

erzaihunan,jianzhuleizhuanyezhengchengwei“diandi”zhuanye。jinnian6yue,juhunanshengjiaoyukaoshiyuanfabude2023nianputonggaoxiaozhaoshengluqukongzhifenshuxian,jianzhuleizhuanyebenkeluqufenshuxianwei421fen,shichufuzhuang、meishuheyinlezhei3gezhuanyemenleiwailuqufenshuzuididezhuanye。

zhiqianjinian,hunanshengjianzhuleizhuanyedeluqufenshuxiancengchaochucaihui、yiwei、shangmaodengzhuanye,buguorengchuyuliannianxiahuaqushi。zai2019nian-2022nian,gaididejianzhuleiluqukongzhifenshuxianfenbieshi605fen、600fen、535fen、501fen。

liyunrenwei,zheiyufangdichanxingyedexingshuaiguanlianhenda,guoqufangdichanruhuorutufazhan,jianzhuzhuanyeyeyinci“chixiang”,yizhiyuhenduoyuanlaiwanquanmeiyoulikezhuanyedeyuanxiaoyekaishejianzhuxue,baokuoyixiedazhuanzhongzhuanyekaijianzhugongchengzhuanye。danxianzaifangdichankaishiqupaomo,taolideshidaiguoqule,shichangrenyuangongguoyuqiu,zhuanyeziranjiulengqing。

zheiqijian,wangshangzhenduijianzhuzhuanyede“quantuitie”bibijieshi,“xueshenmedoubuyaoxuejianzhu、guihua、jingguan。”

zheipi“quantui”deren,yourenyijingzhudonghuobeidongzhuanxing,yourenhaizaikuku“jianshou”。 majianlikaishejiyuanhou,qingxiangyuzaishejiaopingtaishangfenxiangzijidezhuanxingjingyan,bingweiwangyoutigongshejiyuandeyixieneimu,“xiwangdajiabuyaocaikeng。”

yeyourenxuanze“taobi”。zhongguomeishuxueyuanbiyedezhangxue,shouyiyulaoshidetuijianjinruhuajianjituanhuadongjianzhushejiyanjiuyuan。danzuizhongyeshireqingdibuguoxianshi,kanbuqingweilaizouxiang,tajuedinglizhikaobo,“xingshibutaihao,xianduoduo。”

wangshangyipian“quantui”sheng,jiazhixingyexiaxingyoumugongdu,haichuyuxuexijieduandejianzhushengmenyeshifenmimang。wangrangaosujiemianxinwen,jinniandasijianzhuerbenxuexiaozaidu,dangchushidiaojidaojianzhuxue,bingbureaigaizhuanye,buqingchujiexialaiyinggaikaogong、kaobian,haishikaozhuanyeyoushiyaozoujinzheigexingye。

daozuihou,dajiaxingchengyigegongshishi,jiajingyouwo、youxingqu、youtianfu,caishiheliuzaijianzhuxingyenei,“haiyaojiageqiantitiaojian,laobaxiao。”

“其他的,快跑。”

建筑专业路在何方?

jianzhushengjiti“shiyi”,yufangdichanxingyeyoushengzhuanshuaixixixiangguan。

2012nian-2021nian,quannianfangdichankaifatouziyou71804yiyuanzengzhangzhi147602yiyuan。zhidao2022nian,quanguofangdichankaifatouzishoucichuxianfuzengzhang,dangniankaifatouziewei13.29wanyiyuan,bi2021nianxiajiang10%。

fangdichanzhengzhengrishangshi,gaoxiaoyeweixingyeshusongleyuanyuanbuduandejiuyerenyuan。zhujianbushujuxianshi,shejixingyecongyerenyuancong2011niande172wanzengzhangdao2020niande440wan,shinianjianrenyuanzengzhang156%。

zhidaoxingyeshengbian,shichangduirenyuanxuqiudafujiangdi,daduoshufangqiyekaishiledadaokuofuderenyuanyouhua。

yimingminyingminxifangqirenshigaosujiemianxinwen,gongsizaiqunianxiabannianyejinxinglerenyuanyouhuahexinzidiaozheng,jiangxin25%,zhizhenduizhonggaoceng,jicengyuangongmeijiang,“dannianzhongjiangdoumeile,gongsizongbucongyuanlaide300rendaoxianzaizhisheng100duoren。”

zaitakanlai,jianzhuzhuanyemuqianshihencan,jiuyezaoyulexingyecongweimianlinguodeshendudiaozhengshiqi,suiranxianzaigexinggeyedouhencha,dandichanyouqicha。

jiangxincaiyuanshidaduoshufangqicaiqudepubiancuoshi。jupengboshetongji,yijinnianshangbannianmoduibi2021niandeyuangongshuliang,dichangongsizhongrenyuanjiangfuzuidadewujiashiyuzhoudichan、jinke、yangguangcheng、hejingtaifu、rongxinjituan,jiangfudouzai60%yishang,zuigaodeyuzhoudichandadao81.8%。

zheixiebeicaiderenyuanzhong,zhuyaoyisheji、jianzhu、yingxiaoleigangweijuduo。yijinniandaduoshufangqixiaoshouguimochixuweisuodeqingkuanglaikan,daoniandihaiyoujixuyouhuarenyuandekeneng。

图片来源:Bloomberg

rujin,shangyoudapijianzhushenghaizaixiaoyuanhuitu、jianmo。cengjingyinyiweiaodejianzhuzhuanye,huizouxianghefang,jianzhushengmenyougaizouxianghechu?

xianjianzhukejidaxueyimingjiaoshizaijieshoujiemianxinwencaifangshibiaoshi,jinru21shijiyihou,jiyuchengshixunsukuozhang、renmenzhufangtiaojianxuyaohewanshandeng,jianzhuxingyeyinglaiyigefazhandehuangjinjieduan,zaizhenggeshichangxuqiuxia,jianzhuzhuanyechengweilingrenxianmudezhuanye,ruxinzihuibao、xingyediweideng。zaizheigeguochengzhong,henduogongkeleiyuanxiaoyefenfenzengbanlegenjianzhuxueyouguandezhuanye。

danjinliangnianlai,jianzhuxingyeshoudaojiaodadechongjihetiaozhan。xianrujin,gaokaozhiyuandetianbao、duigaoxiaodexuanzeyushichangjiehejinmi,suoyijianzhuleizhuanyezaigaokaoluquguochengzhong,fenshudouyouyidingxiajiang,zheihenzhengchang。

“congjiaoyudefazhanjiaodulaijiang,jianzhuleiyijiusuanshiyigebijiaochuantongdechanyelingyu,jinrudisicigongyegemingyihou,rendekexuejishuzhuyaoyilaiyurengongzhineng、liangzixinxi、qingjienengyuandeng,zheiduijianzhuxueleisidezhuanyeyedailaixindetiaozhan。”

“jianzhuzhuanyehaibuzhiyubianchengtiankengzhuanye,zhishishuoshehuiduixueshengdezhiliang,duigaodengjiaoyudejiaoyufangshitichulegenggaodeyaoqiu,”suoyi,jianzhuleigaoxiaoyixuyaojieheshehuidefazhanhebianhua,buduanwanshanjiaoyutixi,gengxinjiaoyulinian,fuyujianzhugengxiandaihuadeneirong。

lumingciqianrenzhiyusichuanchengdouyijiaminqishejiyuan,houzhuanzhijiafang,rujinzhuanxingdaosichuanmouerbenyuanxiaojiaoshoujianzhuxuezhuanyekecheng。

tagaosujiemianxinwen,jinnianzhengtixueshengzhuangtaibijiaodimi,duixingqinghenshidanyou,“chengdouzheibiandeshejiyuanxianzaizhiduilaobaxiaohuoshuangyiliuyingjiedaxueshengkaifangshixizhaopin,yixiexueshengzhidequleshigongdanwei。”

“zhuangyuanzhuanyeshirenchaochulaide,xianzaidetiankengzhuanyeyeshirenchaochulaide。”lumingbiaoshi,jinnianjianzhuxingyezuidadenandianzaiyu,youjuanyouleihaikanbudaoxiwang。

“juan”dezhuyaoshishijian,xianzaijuedaduoshushejiyuanshifuwuyudichangongsizuoshangye、zhuzhaisheji,dichangongsiyaodejiedianheshijianyuelaiyuejinpo,yinweiyaonashigongxukezheng,yaokaigong,yaodadaoyushoutiaojiancainengkaipan。“zheigeshijian,zuoweizibenkendingshixiwangyuekuaiyuehao,xiankaipanyouyoushi。”

lumingrenwei,shejiyuanyalidahaiyouyibufenshihuikuanwenti,henduoxianjinliubuhaodedichangongsiweilebaojiaofuhuijianshaoshejidefukuanjishigongdanwei,erqieyibufenzhengfuxiangmuyebuhaoyaohuikuan,liuchengzouqilaihenfansuo。

suiranjiuyeqianjing、xingyexianzhuangkanqilaidoubuleguan,danyebuyiweizhejianzhuxingyejiuzoudaolejintou。

“weilaijianzhuzhuanyeyirancunzaidaliangkongjian,biruchengshigengxin,zhuzhaigaizao,ditantantao,shangyedichanmoshizhuanbian。”zailumingkanlai,zhuzhaishizhonghuiyouxuqiu,chengshiyexuyaogengxingaizao,jiexialai,jianzhushejishihuigengduodisikaorenhejianzhudeguanxi,zheishihaoshi。

ruhuadongjianzhushejiyanjiuyuanchengshigengxinyuanchangwufuyuanzhangyezhongnansuoshuo,zhiyaochengshihaizaijianshefazhan,jianzhuzhuanyeqianjingjiuhaizai,“quanwangquantuikenengshishijiaowenti,meizhendaoneigechengdu,yinggaimeinianhaiyoubushaorenjiaruzheigexingye。”

(yingshoufangzheyaoqiu,wenzhongrenmingjunweihuaming。)

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【深度】房地产红利不再,学土建的状元们陷入职业困局

“zhiyaochengshihaizaijianshefazhan,jianzhuzhuanyeqianjingjiuhaizai。”

图片来源:图虫创意

界面新闻记者 | 王婷婷

界面新闻编辑 | 彭飞

jinniandeshanghaiwanshengjie,rangjianzhushengmen“pofang”le。

zheishiyigebutongyiwangdewanshengjie,nianqingrenmenchuanzhechuangyishizudefuzhuangzoushangjietou,congshouwo79yuanhuaxizimeibide“lijiaqi”、 dayinzhaopiantieliande“tangseng”、dao“zheiying”、“yifang”,“wanshengjie”beiguochengle“wangengjie”。

qichukandaozheixie,liuxianghaizaigankaishanghaidebaorong、chuangyiyuhuoli。zhidaotakandaoyimingjianzhuxuecoserzuozaimalutaijieshangxiangluren“qitao”,tachadianleimu,“tazaiyanwo,zhendehenhengongqingle。”

图片来源:社交平台小红书。

liuxianggaosujiemianxinwen,xianzaitujianzhuanyeyijingcheng“geng”le。zaitakanlai,haishiyufangdichanxingyexunsuhualuoyouguan,zaitaruxue(2010nian)deshihouhaishixiangbobozhuanye,douqiangzhejin,danxianzaidouzaiquantui。

yijingzhuanxingchenggongdezhangyangzhengzaishejiaopingtaiquantuixiangyaobaokaojianzhuxuederen,“biebaojianzhu,biebaojianzhu,nengquantuiyigeshiyige。”

zhisuoyizheiyangshuo,shiyinweijinliangnianyilai,bushaoshejiyuandouchuxianjiangdijibengongzihejiangjinbilideqingkuang,jiabanchengweirichang,gongzuoneirongyuelaiyuefuzaqierongcuolvyuelaiyuexiao,shuyu24xiaoshidaiming。zhangyangbiaoshi,shenbiandaduoshurendouxuanzelizhizhuanxingle。

liyun2019nianbiyehouzaiyiminqishejiyuanrenzhibudaosannian,yeguoduanlikai,rujinzaijiadaiyeyinianyouyu。tadelikailiyoushi,zijimeixiangshouguojianzhuxingyedehongli,yebuzhidaotayihounengchachengshenmeyang,erqielizhiyiqianqueshiyemeishenmexiangmule。

yibaneryan,jianzhuleizhuanyexueshengzhuyaoyousangechulu,fangdichangongsi、shejiyuanheshigongdanwei。guoqufangdichanshichangchuyugaosufazhanjieduan,jianzhuxuechengweirenrenjingxiangzhuizhuderemenzhuanye,danjinliangnianxingyechixuxiaxing,rechaotuiqu,dapirenbudebutaoli“jianzhuweicheng”。

“建筑生”的挣扎

dichanhonglibuzai,xiripingjieyiqiangrexuejijinjianzhuxuelingyuderenzhengjingliyichangzhiyekunju。

“xiangzhuanxing,meidezhuan;buzhuan,youbuxing。”

liuxiangdexianzhuangshibujiaban,danyemeiyougongzina。tagaosujiemianxinwen,zijizaiyijiayangqishejiyuan,meigeyuegongzi3000-4000yuan,danyijingqianxin10geyue,bulizhishiyinweisuozaichengshijiuyegangweijiaoshao,yekeshiweizaiyuqiyedubo,kanshifouhuimianlinpochan。

yiweizaishenzhencongshijianzhuyederenshiyegantan,zheiliangniandichanxingyebujingqi,yebojidaotamen,jinnianbujinshourushaolesanfenzhier,haidanxinmeiyouchixudeyewu,tasuozaidegongsimuqianjinyouyixiecunliangyewu。

zirenweishi“zhuanglenanqiang”deliulubiaoshi,qishi2018niandejianzhuxueyijingzaizouxiapolu,danzuizhongyiwufanguruxuedeliyoushi“reai”。meixiangdaoreaidaijizijidequeshiwanmingbandetongxiao,qianqingdeboziyuhongzhongdeyanjing。

tacongweijianguoyounagexingyexiangjianzhuxingye,jiangjiabantongxiaofengweiguinie,yongtilihetumiandeduiqiyangaikongdongdeshejisiwei,yonghuashaodexingshihekuazhangdecizaoyangaizheigexuekeneihedexuwu。kanqingzheiyidianhou,taxuanzeguoduanlikai。

buguo,zailiyunkanlai,zhenzhengkunnanshicong2021nianxiabanniankaishi。xuduoqiyedafudujiangxin,zhenggexingyechixushousuo。zaijiashangfangdichanxingyechixudiaozheng,dao2023nianhenduogangweishourukanban,zhengtigangweizhishaosuoshuisifenzhiyi。

yourenshenzhigankaijianzhushejibufucunzai。

daizhemanmanchongjingjinrujianzhuxingyedesunjie,yeweicengxiangdaoziji“chudaojidianfeng,haimeiguojinianhaorizi,jianzhuxingyeturanjiu‘kua’le,nianxinguzhe,yuexinyijiangzaijiang,rangrenhuaiyicengduguodeshuyijiyishusuyangtongtonghuaweiwuyou。”

jiangbenzengxiaozaoyichengweixingyegongxing。majiansuozaideyijiaminqishejiyuanquniannianzhongjiangyedazhe,bingqiekpiyesuizhitigao。juqimiaoshu,zaijianzhushejiyuanrenzhideshouruzhuyaoshijibengongzijianianzhongjiang,nianzhongjiangshuyudatou,yibanshejiyuannianzhongjiangdoushishijiershiwanshenzhiyishang。

“qunianwotingshuohaojigedayuandenianzhongjiangdoudaduizhe,zheiyixiashaolebushao。”majianshuodao。

tujiantingcande。majianxiangjiemianxinwenbiaoshi,dangnianhenduorennazhenengjinqingbei(qinghua、beida)defenshujinletumujianzhu,985biyehounazheyuexinjiqiandegongzi。

fangdichanxingyexiaxinghou,youxiecongyezheyexiangzhezhuanxing。majianshuo,tayijingkaishicongjiegoushejizhuanxingzuojianmoruanjian,danyiranshuyufangdichanshangxiayouqiye。

“dajiashenbiandepengyoudabufendoushitujianxingye,duiyuruhezhuanxing,yehenjiaolv。”

bujincongyerenyuangongzixiajiang,jiulianjianzhugongsizheiliangnianyemianlindaliangzhengtizhuanrangdeqingkuang。

图片来源:受访者提供。

从“状元专业”到“天坑专业”?

shinianhedong,shinianhexi。zaihenduorenyanzhong,jianzhuzhuanyezaoyidieluoshentan,congxiride“zhuangyuanzhuanye”bianchengle“tiankengzhuanye”。

yourenshenzhimaiyuan,tumujianzhuzhuanyeyinggaizaibenkeyuanxiaoxiaoshi。“dangnianjianzhuxuebuguanzainasuoxuexiao,doushidangjiazhuanye,jibendoushifenshuxianzuigaodezhuanyezhiyi,rujinbujinluqufenshuxianyiluoqianzhang,lianxuezhiyewugaisile。”

jinnian8yue30ri,yizhangwangchuangonggaozaijianzhuxingyeneiyinqireyi。wangchuangonggaoxianshi,dalianligongdaxuegonggao,yaojiangqichengxiangguihua、jianzhuxuezhuanyenianxianyou5niandiaozhengwei4nian。yeneirenwei,dalianligongzuoweijianzhu“xinbaxiao”zhiyi,yuzuochucigaibian,huoxuyeshiyinweizhaoshengkunnan。

congjianzhu“laobaxiao”( qinghuadaxue、dongnandaxue、tianjindaxue、tongjidaxue、haerbingongyedaxue、huananligongdaxue、zhongqingdaxuehexianjianzhukejidaxue)jinjiniandeluqufenshuxianlaikan,zhengtiqushidequeyousuoxiahua。

congzhei8suoxuexiaozaishandong、henan、hebei、anhuisigegaokaodashengdeluqufenshulaikan,zai2020-2022nian,chuqinghuadaxuewai,qiyu7suogaoxiaojianzhuxuesannianneideluqufenshupingjunjiangdichaoguo35fen,zhanbigaoda85.71%。qizhong,zuigaodetongjidaxuesannianjianpingjunjiangfenyue70fen,dierweishihaerbingongyedaxue,sannianpingjunjiangfenyuewei56.3fen。

erzaihunan,jianzhuleizhuanyezhengchengwei“diandi”zhuanye。jinnian6yue,juhunanshengjiaoyukaoshiyuanfabude2023nianputonggaoxiaozhaoshengluqukongzhifenshuxian,jianzhuleizhuanyebenkeluqufenshuxianwei421fen,shichufuzhuang、meishuheyinlezhei3gezhuanyemenleiwailuqufenshuzuididezhuanye。

zhiqianjinian,hunanshengjianzhuleizhuanyedeluqufenshuxiancengchaochucaihui、yiwei、shangmaodengzhuanye,buguorengchuyuliannianxiahuaqushi。zai2019nian-2022nian,gaididejianzhuleiluqukongzhifenshuxianfenbieshi605fen、600fen、535fen、501fen。

liyunrenwei,zheiyufangdichanxingyedexingshuaiguanlianhenda,guoqufangdichanruhuorutufazhan,jianzhuzhuanyeyeyinci“chixiang”,yizhiyuhenduoyuanlaiwanquanmeiyoulikezhuanyedeyuanxiaoyekaishejianzhuxue,baokuoyixiedazhuanzhongzhuanyekaijianzhugongchengzhuanye。danxianzaifangdichankaishiqupaomo,taolideshidaiguoqule,shichangrenyuangongguoyuqiu,zhuanyeziranjiulengqing。

zheiqijian,wangshangzhenduijianzhuzhuanyede“quantuitie”bibijieshi,“xueshenmedoubuyaoxuejianzhu、guihua、jingguan。”

zheipi“quantui”deren,yourenyijingzhudonghuobeidongzhuanxing,yourenhaizaikuku“jianshou”。 majianlikaishejiyuanhou,qingxiangyuzaishejiaopingtaishangfenxiangzijidezhuanxingjingyan,bingweiwangyoutigongshejiyuandeyixieneimu,“xiwangdajiabuyaocaikeng。”

yeyourenxuanze“taobi”。zhongguomeishuxueyuanbiyedezhangxue,shouyiyulaoshidetuijianjinruhuajianjituanhuadongjianzhushejiyanjiuyuan。danzuizhongyeshireqingdibuguoxianshi,kanbuqingweilaizouxiang,tajuedinglizhikaobo,“xingshibutaihao,xianduoduo。”

wangshangyipian“quantui”sheng,jiazhixingyexiaxingyoumugongdu,haichuyuxuexijieduandejianzhushengmenyeshifenmimang。wangrangaosujiemianxinwen,jinniandasijianzhuerbenxuexiaozaidu,dangchushidiaojidaojianzhuxue,bingbureaigaizhuanye,buqingchujiexialaiyinggaikaogong、kaobian,haishikaozhuanyeyoushiyaozoujinzheigexingye。

daozuihou,dajiaxingchengyigegongshishi,jiajingyouwo、youxingqu、youtianfu,caishiheliuzaijianzhuxingyenei,“haiyaojiageqiantitiaojian,laobaxiao。”

“其他的,快跑。”

建筑专业路在何方?

jianzhushengjiti“shiyi”,yufangdichanxingyeyoushengzhuanshuaixixixiangguan。

2012nian-2021nian,quannianfangdichankaifatouziyou71804yiyuanzengzhangzhi147602yiyuan。zhidao2022nian,quanguofangdichankaifatouzishoucichuxianfuzengzhang,dangniankaifatouziewei13.29wanyiyuan,bi2021nianxiajiang10%。

fangdichanzhengzhengrishangshi,gaoxiaoyeweixingyeshusongleyuanyuanbuduandejiuyerenyuan。zhujianbushujuxianshi,shejixingyecongyerenyuancong2011niande172wanzengzhangdao2020niande440wan,shinianjianrenyuanzengzhang156%。

zhidaoxingyeshengbian,shichangduirenyuanxuqiudafujiangdi,daduoshufangqiyekaishiledadaokuofuderenyuanyouhua。

yimingminyingminxifangqirenshigaosujiemianxinwen,gongsizaiqunianxiabannianyejinxinglerenyuanyouhuahexinzidiaozheng,jiangxin25%,zhizhenduizhonggaoceng,jicengyuangongmeijiang,“dannianzhongjiangdoumeile,gongsizongbucongyuanlaide300rendaoxianzaizhisheng100duoren。”

zaitakanlai,jianzhuzhuanyemuqianshihencan,jiuyezaoyulexingyecongweimianlinguodeshendudiaozhengshiqi,suiranxianzaigexinggeyedouhencha,dandichanyouqicha。

jiangxincaiyuanshidaduoshufangqicaiqudepubiancuoshi。jupengboshetongji,yijinnianshangbannianmoduibi2021niandeyuangongshuliang,dichangongsizhongrenyuanjiangfuzuidadewujiashiyuzhoudichan、jinke、yangguangcheng、hejingtaifu、rongxinjituan,jiangfudouzai60%yishang,zuigaodeyuzhoudichandadao81.8%。

zheixiebeicaiderenyuanzhong,zhuyaoyisheji、jianzhu、yingxiaoleigangweijuduo。yijinniandaduoshufangqixiaoshouguimochixuweisuodeqingkuanglaikan,daoniandihaiyoujixuyouhuarenyuandekeneng。

图片来源:Bloomberg

rujin,shangyoudapijianzhushenghaizaixiaoyuanhuitu、jianmo。cengjingyinyiweiaodejianzhuzhuanye,huizouxianghefang,jianzhushengmenyougaizouxianghechu?

xianjianzhukejidaxueyimingjiaoshizaijieshoujiemianxinwencaifangshibiaoshi,jinru21shijiyihou,jiyuchengshixunsukuozhang、renmenzhufangtiaojianxuyaohewanshandeng,jianzhuxingyeyinglaiyigefazhandehuangjinjieduan,zaizhenggeshichangxuqiuxia,jianzhuzhuanyechengweilingrenxianmudezhuanye,ruxinzihuibao、xingyediweideng。zaizheigeguochengzhong,henduogongkeleiyuanxiaoyefenfenzengbanlegenjianzhuxueyouguandezhuanye。

danjinliangnianlai,jianzhuxingyeshoudaojiaodadechongjihetiaozhan。xianrujin,gaokaozhiyuandetianbao、duigaoxiaodexuanzeyushichangjiehejinmi,suoyijianzhuleizhuanyezaigaokaoluquguochengzhong,fenshudouyouyidingxiajiang,zheihenzhengchang。

“congjiaoyudefazhanjiaodulaijiang,jianzhuleiyijiusuanshiyigebijiaochuantongdechanyelingyu,jinrudisicigongyegemingyihou,rendekexuejishuzhuyaoyilaiyurengongzhineng、liangzixinxi、qingjienengyuandeng,zheiduijianzhuxueleisidezhuanyeyedailaixindetiaozhan。”

“jianzhuzhuanyehaibuzhiyubianchengtiankengzhuanye,zhishishuoshehuiduixueshengdezhiliang,duigaodengjiaoyudejiaoyufangshitichulegenggaodeyaoqiu,”suoyi,jianzhuleigaoxiaoyixuyaojieheshehuidefazhanhebianhua,buduanwanshanjiaoyutixi,gengxinjiaoyulinian,fuyujianzhugengxiandaihuadeneirong。

lumingciqianrenzhiyusichuanchengdouyijiaminqishejiyuan,houzhuanzhijiafang,rujinzhuanxingdaosichuanmouerbenyuanxiaojiaoshoujianzhuxuezhuanyekecheng。

tagaosujiemianxinwen,jinnianzhengtixueshengzhuangtaibijiaodimi,duixingqinghenshidanyou,“chengdouzheibiandeshejiyuanxianzaizhiduilaobaxiaohuoshuangyiliuyingjiedaxueshengkaifangshixizhaopin,yixiexueshengzhidequleshigongdanwei。”

“zhuangyuanzhuanyeshirenchaochulaide,xianzaidetiankengzhuanyeyeshirenchaochulaide。”lumingbiaoshi,jinnianjianzhuxingyezuidadenandianzaiyu,youjuanyouleihaikanbudaoxiwang。

“juan”dezhuyaoshishijian,xianzaijuedaduoshushejiyuanshifuwuyudichangongsizuoshangye、zhuzhaisheji,dichangongsiyaodejiedianheshijianyuelaiyuejinpo,yinweiyaonashigongxukezheng,yaokaigong,yaodadaoyushoutiaojiancainengkaipan。“zheigeshijian,zuoweizibenkendingshixiwangyuekuaiyuehao,xiankaipanyouyoushi。”

lumingrenwei,shejiyuanyalidahaiyouyibufenshihuikuanwenti,henduoxianjinliubuhaodedichangongsiweilebaojiaofuhuijianshaoshejidefukuanjishigongdanwei,erqieyibufenzhengfuxiangmuyebuhaoyaohuikuan,liuchengzouqilaihenfansuo。

suiranjiuyeqianjing、xingyexianzhuangkanqilaidoubuleguan,danyebuyiweizhejianzhuxingyejiuzoudaolejintou。

“weilaijianzhuzhuanyeyirancunzaidaliangkongjian,biruchengshigengxin,zhuzhaigaizao,ditantantao,shangyedichanmoshizhuanbian。”zailumingkanlai,zhuzhaishizhonghuiyouxuqiu,chengshiyexuyaogengxingaizao,jiexialai,jianzhushejishihuigengduodisikaorenhejianzhudeguanxi,zheishihaoshi。

ruhuadongjianzhushejiyanjiuyuanchengshigengxinyuanchangwufuyuanzhangyezhongnansuoshuo,zhiyaochengshihaizaijianshefazhan,jianzhuzhuanyeqianjingjiuhaizai,“quanwangquantuikenengshishijiaowenti,meizhendaoneigechengdu,yinggaimeinianhaiyoubushaorenjiaruzheigexingye。”

(yingshoufangzheyaoqiu,wenzhongrenmingjunweihuaming。)

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