wen | landongshangye zhaoweiwei

xiangbiweibolidezhangyiming，wangxingzaifanfouliuluchude「minshang」henjigengzhong。

minshangshiyigechuantonggainian，shifujianshangrendejiancheng，youzhechongshangzhuli、maoxianjinqu、「aipincaihuiying」dengzhuduobiaoqian。danminshangbingfeitongzhihuadewenhuagainian，zhangyiminghewangxingchushengdefujianlongyan，qishigenminxidekejiarenyouqubie，shiminnanfulaorendeyigefenzhi，wenhuashanggenchaoshanrenyimaixiangcheng。

guxiangshiyigerenhuizhibuqudedise，fujiancengjingshiwangxingfanfoushangdegaopincihui。

minshangguanglianshou，shiduonianqian，wangxingdiyicizaibeijingcanjiafujiantongxiangdeyuandanyingxinchunlianyihui，「tuhao」tongxiangbadidiandingzailehuamaodelisikaerdun，wangxingjingyayudiyigeshangchangdenvgeshouyanchangdegequshi《zuixuanminzufeng》，yenamenzenmejingzaizheilichidaolejiaxiangteyoudexiaochi「shenjin」。

wangxinghuizailuguomeiguoniuyueshigonggongtushuguandeshihou，huainianzijixiaoshihoulongyanshitushuguanjiletadaliangyukuaideshiguang；likaifujianhou，wangxingcaikaishixihuanshanghecha，xihuanconglongyandaihuibeijingde「gaoshanxiebeicha」，jibianbaozhuanglvejianlou；tahuijingyayubeisongzhumingwanyuepaicirenliuyongshifujianren，yehuiyuyanbuxiangdetidaozijigengpeifufujianjidemalaixiyaqiyejiaguohenian。

wangxingduifujianderezhong，zuishenqiedebiaoxianyuduijiazulishiyuanyuandehaoqi。

xiananyangshiminshangdezuidatedian，wangxingdecengzufucengzaishanggeshiji 20 niandaixiananyangdaoyinnidemianlan，30 nianhouzhongbinghuiguo，jiazutongbeizhongyirenbuzhisuozong，yirenzaimalaixiyabinchengluodishenggen，zheidaozhiwangxingyizhiduihuarenyiminshizheigeticaigandaorezhong，henxiangyoukongquduyidukongfeilide《tazhezhongdehuaren》。

zheibenshubaminnanrendangzuozhongdianyanjiuduixiangzhiyi。

kongfeiliqiangdiaoshuo，dangnianduiguowaiderenshiyujintianxiangqushenyuan，「zaizhongguoyanhaigangkouchengshi，congguangzhoudaotianjin，doujuzhuzheweishukeguandeminnanren，tamenyifangyanweiniudai，goujianhezuowangluo，jingyinghangyunhejinchukoushengyi……renmensuoguanzhude，shineigekanlainenggouzuodashengyidedifang，quebingbutaizaiyineigedifangjiujingshizaiguojiadejiangjiezhinei，haishiyuechudaoleguojiajiangjiezhiwai。」

zheidianmingle「minshang」detezhi，hexinjiushi「sihaiweijia」。

congmingdaidaliangfujianrenqiaojudongnanyacongshimaoyihuodong，zhiyapianzhanzhengqianxi，minshangjibenshangzhudaozhehaiwaihuashangwangluo，yongminshangqiaochuguoheniandehuashuo，「huayijiuxiangdiqiushangyiqunnengchuangzaojingjiqijidemayi」。zheiyangyouxiudeminshangchuantongbaohanzhehaiyang、maoyi、yimindengzhuduoyaosu，yiyuminshangdeshenghuoshenshendironghezaiyiqi，chengweifujianwenhuazhongdutedebufen。

difangwenhuadeqinjinganmoguoyuyuyandexiangtong，danminshangdesecaizaiweilaikenenghuiyuelaiyuedanhua。

zaibeijingdapinduonianzhihou，wangxinghuidaolongyantanwang 85 suidewaipo，yangyuleyidairendewaipobuhuishuoputonghua，erbiwangxingxiaoyibeidehaizimen，doubuhuishuolongyanhua，tamenwufayongyuyanzhijiejiaoliu，zheishitajuedeyihandeshiqing。

回馈故乡的闽商

zhangyiminghenshaozaishejiaomeitishangtanlunjiaxiangfujianlongyan，dantazaishijixingdongshangzuodebubiwangxingshao。

minshangyidatedianjiushiduiguxiangdekangkaihuikui，zheiyeshiwangxinghezhangyimingdegongtongdian。2021 nian，shifenglongyanyizhongchuangban 118 zhounian，wangxingjigaozhongmuxiaojuanzengle 5000 wan，shelilelongyanyizhongwangxingjiaoyujijin；yigeyuezhihou，zhangyimingzailongyanchenglilefangmeijiaoyufazhanjijin，fuzhuquanshijiaoshijinxiu、zhichizhiyejiaoyuchuangxinfazhandeng，dangshijiujuanzengle 5 yi，liangnianhou，zhangyimingyouzhuijiajuanzengle 2 yiyuan。

gongyibufenjinegaodi，benzhishangdoushixinyidaishangyejingyingduiqianbeiqiyejiadexiaofanghecongshanruliu。zheshangjuanzizhuxuedefanlishishaoyifu，yueshangtuidongjiaoyudedianxingshilijiacheng，minshangrezhonggongyidezhuxuedaibiaojiushichenjiageng。

1921 nian，chenjiagengtongganfujianjiaoyuluohouherencaikuifa，touzi 100 wanyuanchuangbanshamendaxue，zheishizhongguojindaijiaoyushishangdiyisuohuaqiaochuangbandedaxue，kaiqileminshangnaizhihaiwaihuashangzaiguoneichuangbangaoxiaodexianhe。

shamendaxuehoulaichengweiminshanggongyidejujidi，quguoshamendaxuederenkenengdouhuijingyayuminshangjuanzixiujiandejianzhurucizhiduo。

cong 20 shiji 80 niandaiyilai，feilvbinjinjiangjiminshangshemingpeijuanjiandemingpeitiyuguan、zhongguoxianggangdejinjiangjiminshangguihuashanjuanjiandedianjinglou、feilvbinjinjiangjiminshangxuziqinjuanjiandeziqinlou、feilvbinjinjiangjiminshangcaiqingjiejuanjiandecaiqingjielou、zhongguoxianggangdequanzhoujiminshanghuangkelijuanjiandekelilou、zhongguoxianggangdehuianjiminshanghuangbaoxinjuanjiandebaoxinliyinglou、linguotaijuanzixingjiandelinwutongloudeng，douchengleminshanghuikuizujididelishianli。

danggaoxiaoyijingdaloulinli、qianbeidejingyanjijiyitang，liujixinyidaiminshangdehuikuiguxiangjihui，kenengjiushichenglijijinhuihejuanzijichujiaoyudenglingyu。

《haiwaizheshangyuhaiwaiminshangdebijiaoyanjiu》zhongcengzhichu，haiwaiminshangjuanzengdetedianzhiyishi，chengshuyunyongjijinhuideyunzuomoshi。yinweihaiwaiminshangzaigaigekaifangqianjuanzizongeyuanchaozheshang，suoyijileilefengfudejingyan，gezhongguojishangtongyongdegongyijijinhuizaojiuchengweiminshangjuanzidezhuyaomoshi，qizhongyijiaoyujijinhuiweijuanzizuiduodexiangmu。

erlingwaiyidatedianjiushijuanzengjinejiaodazheduoweizaizhongguodalutouziguimojiaodazhe。shuzhongyanjiule 2010 nianzhiqiande 13 weifujianshengjuanzichaoyiyuandehaiwaiminshang，congxuanqudeduizujidijuanzichaoguo1yiyuande 10 weihaiwaiminshangdeyangbenlaikan，qizhongzhiyousanweizaifujianhezhongguodaluqitashengfenyouhenshaodetouziedu，jihuangzhongxian、liludaheliyintong。

zhibuguorujinhuitoukan，daoyiheliyiwangwangshiyitiliangmian，congshanruliushibiaoxiang，gezidengshanshineihan。2021 nianshiwangxinghezhangyiminghuikuiguxiangdegongtongdian，yeshierrenzaishangyejingzhengshangkaishizhujianfenyedeqidian。

2021 niannianchu，zhonggaiguzhanshanglelishigaodian，dangnian 2 yue 18 ri，meituanlaidaojieduangaodian 460 gangyuan/gu，shizhi 2.6 wanyi，eryucitongshi，douyinyikaoliuliangyoushi，yeqidongshenghuofuwuyewubingjinxingshangyehuazhongdiantouru，congbeishangshendengyixianchengshikaishituozhan，zhongdianfazhandaodiantuangouyewu。

dangshiyigezhongyaobeijingjiushidouyinguanggaoshourujianding，dangniandouyinjituanshangyehuafuzerenpuyanzijianrenleshenghuofuwuyewufuzeren。zaizhihoudebannianli，douyinbendishenghuonadaole 220 yidegmv，yuanchao 2021 nianquanniandemubiao，yingshengshengcongmeituanhealikouzhongqiangxialeyikuaidangao，zhidaoliangnianhoucaiyinglaimeituandefanji。

闽商如何商战

jibianzhangyiminghewangxingdoubuhuiyi「minshang」ziju，danwaijiehaishihuijinjinledaoyuerrenguanxizhijin。

errenjieshiyu 2006 niandebeijing，laojiafumudefangzijiuchashijigongli，shenzhijialiqinyouhaiyouxianghurenshide。zaibicimeiyoujingzhengdeniandai，zhangyimingcengshuo，wangxingjizijidezuidayinxiangjiushihaoqixinqiang、yuedumianguang、duigezhongqiguaidewentiganxingqu；wangxingduizhangyimingdepingjiashilixing，bingrenweizijimeiyouzhangyimingneiyangzhuanzhu。

shinianqian，meituanhaimeiyoushangxianwaimaiyewu，yejijiuyijingzaifeisuzengzhang，danyuejiaoyietupo 5 yi，zhangyimingzaiweiboshangbiaoshizhuhe：gongxi，henzhashideqianjin。

yinianhou，meituanwaimaishangxianqian，wangxingjimeituanjiaoyiemubiaodingzaile 188 yi，dangshiwangxinggankairenshengjiuxiangzougangsi，wangqianhuoxuburongyi，danshiyuandibudonghuoxianghoutuigengweixian。zhangyimingzhuanfahoushuoleyiju，tuiruanzuiweixian。

yongshaoweizhangyidiandeyanguangqukan，jiuhuimingbaishangyeshehuizhongmeiyouyongyuandepengyou，yemeiyouyongyuandediren。cengjingguanxijianbanuzhangdezijietiaodonghetengxunruci，rujintongweiyixiangrendewangxinghezhangyimingyeshiruci。youqishizaichongshangzhulideminshangquntizhong，yingjiebianhuanmocedeshanghaichenfuliyizhanzheng，anligengshibibijieshi。

zuihaoquanshiminshangruheshangzhandelizi，moguoyujinnianyijing 100 suideqiyejiaguohenian。

guohenianzujizhongguofujian，zaimalaixiyajingyingtangyelingshouqijia，yiduzhanjulemalaixiyatangyeshichang 80 %yishangdefene，houlaifazhanchengweiyigeduoyuanjingyingdekuaguoqiye，youqishizhuanzhanzhongguoxianggangzhihou，guohenianchuanglidejialijituankaishizaizhongguoneiditouzibuju，congzuichubeijingkaishedezhongguoguojimaoyizhongxin，daorujindechanyebianbuliangyou、jiudianhedichanduogexingye。

rujindejinlongyuzhangmenrenguokongfeng，jiushiguoheniandezhizi，beiguoheniankanzuoshijiazuxiayidaizhongnengliyuzijibuxiangbozhongdeshangren。

guokongfenggenguohenianzhijianyebaofaguoyiduan「minshang」jingzheng。dangshiguokongfengzaiguoheniangongsigongzuo，danyinwei 1990 nianyejibujia，shoudaoleguoheniandepiping，guokongfengcizhidaoxinjiapozilimenhu，chenglifengyiguojijituan，kaishizaiyindunixiyajingyingzonglvyoudengyewu，shenzhiyiduxiangshougouguohenianqixiadeliangyougongsi。

zaishiyongyoushichang，guokongfengheguohenianzhijianchanshenglezhijiedejingzheng，shenzhibaofaguochongtu，guokongfengyidudaqileguansi，xiangyaohuitazaiguohenianshouxiagongzuoshichuanglideliangyoupinpai「arawana」，yejiushizhongguorendouzhidaodeshiyongyoulingjunpinpai「jinlongyu」，danzuizhongzheigepinpaihaishiliuzaileguoheniandegongsi。

cihoushiwunianjian，errenzaiwuwanglai。

2006 nian，guoheniankaishiconggaoguankouzhongdezhiguokongfengkaishijingyinghuafeihechuanyunyewu，erzhejingzhengduishoudetaishigengjiamingxian。danguoheniankaishizhudongshihao，mairuguokongfenggongsidepeigu，zhudongyaoqingzhizitantaohebingyewudekenengxing。guohenianyaoqiucaozuohebingdetuandui，yidingyao「rangbu，rangbu，rangbu」。

zuizhong，shenduanrourendeguohenianzhanxianchuleminshangdelianshoudenengli，taheguokongfengzai 2007 nianyoutuanjiedaoleyiqi，gongsihebingzhongzuwancheng，qudeleshuangyingdejumian。rujinfengyiguojishixinjiapojiaoyisuoshizhizuidadeshangshigongsizhiyi，nongchanpinjituanzaiyazhoujuyulingxiandiwei，jinyong 27 niandeshijianchengweishijiedisandadeliangyouqiyejituan。

「zaiwokaishijingyingneiyikekaishi，wojiuxiangyitiaobianselongsidesuizhehuanjinglaigaibianziji，shiyingbutongdezhuangkuang。」guohenianzaizichuanzhongcengshuo。

这将是一场持久战

shinianqian，wangxingzaiyiciyanjiangzhongtidao，「suoyourenderenshengdaoludouzhishisiluyitiao，suoyichabiezhishizaiyunigensheiyiqizou，kanleshenmefengjing，zuoleshenmeshiqing。」

zhangyimingkanlezhihouyouganerfa，「wozuijinyeshizaixiang，yihouyaorangxiaohaiduokankanchuanji，kankanbierendefengjinghelvcheng，gengrongyixiangqingchuzijidexuanze」。

guoheniankenengshizheiduanfengjinghelvchengdezuijiafanben，talijingjiduoshangzhanfengyu，shangzhanlishibuhuizhongyan，danjingyankenengyinfagongming。ruguoshuotanengjiwangxing、zhangyimingxinyidaiminshangshenmeqishidehua，zuizhongyaodeguanjianciyidingshi——jiezou。

cong 1958 niandao 1999 nian，guohenianzaitangyeqihuoshichangshanghuodelefenghoudelirun，beiwaijieguanyi「dongfangtangwang」deminghao，ertakaodejiushiduishichangdechujue，zheishiyizhongzhijuehejiezou。tazichuangguoyigeci，jiaozuo「jiezoujiaoyi」。

zaiguoheniandeshangyeshengyazhong，jiezoushiyigezhiweiguanjiandegainian，tayongleyigexingxiangdebiyu，jiushizaixuetiaotangehuosangbawushi，nijiuhuizhidaotiaodehaoquankaojiezou。laoshihuigaosuni，xianzaizuojiaowanghou、wanghou、wangqiancebu。keyidanjiezouchucuo，nijiubixuzhuanzhuqutingyinle，zaizhongxinzhaohuipingheng。

「qianwanbuyaorangrenheren，baokuozuozaishenbiandezhiaiduinishuo：luobote，shenchuyoujiao。pangguanzheyuejieru，nijiuyuehutu。suoyi，jishinishijianzhangwobuhaochulecuo，zhiyaozhuyijiezou，nishihuizhongxingenshangde。zaijiaoyizhong，ruguowoganjuejiezouchulepiancha，wojiuhuijianshaojiaoyiliang，yijiangdifengxian。」

zaizichuanzhong，guohenianzhanluchuminshangduyoudejingyingzhihui，neizhongpinzhikenengshitianshengde，yilaiyushengfengqishi。「yaochengweichenggongdeshangren，nimeitiandoudexiangshuayayiyang，cashisuoyouganguan。wochengzhiwei「molishangyeganguan」，zheibaokuoshijue、tingjue、xiujue、chujueheweijue。meiyizhongganguandouyouqiyongwuzhidi。」

ergengzhongyaodeyidian，zeshiminshangshanyuliyongdongnanyadeshehuiguanxiwangluo，zaidongnanyageguobutongdehuanjingxia，minshangqiyejiamenwangwangyaoyingduiyixiangbudaodefengxianheyiwai，yinerwangwangdouba「tourugoujianguanxiwangluohejianlixinren」dangchengyigeyingshangdezhongyaorenwu，yiqiuhuodejingyingshangdebianlihetiaojian。

wangxingzaojiuduiguohenianqinpeiyoujia，buhuibuzhidaoguohenianjinbainianlaijiyezhangqingdejingyanjiaoxun，wentishimianduidangxiabendishenghuobianjuhedouyindechongji，gujiadiediebuxiudemeituanruheshouzhuchengchi，baminshangqiaochudebenlingxuedaoshenshangqu，zheikenengshirangwangxingbudebujiaolvdewenti。

「daoyixianqu，daozhanchangqu，shijiejuewentideweiyifangfa」，zheishimeituangaojifuzongcaizhangchuanjinqishifangchudexinhao。

dadaozhijian，zheiqishiyuguoheniandexiangfaruchuyizhe，「guanlituanduiyongyuandouyinggaijubeihenqiangderourenxing。jituanshangxiayouyigegongshi：womendechenggongjianlizaiduiyewudelejie、qinfengongzuo、keshouchengxindejiazhiguanshang。weilai，zhiyaowomenjubeizheixiepinzhi，nenggoucongcuozhezhongrourenfandanqilai，genbenmeiyouliyoubuhuodegengduoxindecaifu。」

2024 nian，zhangyiminghewangxingbijiangjuanqiminshangjingzhengdexingaodu，zheijiangshiyichangchijiuzhan。