wen|guangzixingqiu wenyehao

编辑|王 潘

cong1927nian，fulici·langzhidaode《dadouhui》lidejiqirenmaliya，daodianzijisuanjidanshengqianfuhaozhuyixuepaiyulianjiezhuyixuepaidedouzheng，zaidaohoulaixingqideshenduxuexiyushijuexiai，aicongwenyizuopindaolilun，zaidaoshijianyingyongdesanjitiao，guanchuanzherenleishushiniandekejimailuo。

erdangxia，xijuanzhekejilingyudeaigclangchao，zhengzaigexinggeyefanqilianyi，wulunshizaikejiqianyandebandaotixingye，haishizhibojianlideaixunirenzhubo，douyushizheyigequanxindeaishidaiyirandaolai。

raner，zaiailangchaozhong，weiraodamoxingsaidaozhankaidedezhiyiyuqidaibingcun——jinguanjishugexindailailexindekenengxing，danruhejiangailangchaodebotaoxiongyong，zhuanhuaweiyingyongluodidechunyuxiliu，zirunmeiyigeshangyehuadejiaoluo，rengranshidangxiaaisaidaosuogongtongmianlindetiaozhan。

jiuqiyuanyin，wentibujinjinzaiyujishubenshendejinbu，gengzaiyuzhaodaojishuluodidedaogui，zhuazhuailangchaosuotuidongdechuangxinzhouqi，congerjiangjishuyanjin，shijishujinbuzhuanhuaweiyouxiaoyingyong，jinerqiaodongshangyejiazhidezengzhang。

erdongxigailuojidewanjiamen，zezhengzaixuli，yiyuzai“damoxingluodiyuannian”jiangshushuyuzishendexingushi。

2024nian2yue29ri，wangyiyoudaogongbule2023niandisijiduji2023nianquannianweijingshenjidecaiwubaogao。caibaoxianshi，sijiduyoudaojingshouruda14.8yiyuan，tongbijixubaochizengzhang；jingyinglirun、jingyingxingxianjinjingliurujunchuanglishixingao。

qizhongjingyinglirunyi0.8yiyuanshixiandanjiyingli，tongbizengzhang209.2%，jingyingxingxianjinliujingliuru1.6yiyuan，tongbizengzhang91.0%。sijiduzaifeimeiguotongyonghuijizhunzexia，guishuyuyoudaoputonggugudongdejinglirunweirenminbi6930wanyuan，erquniantongqiweirenminbi3110wanyuan。2023nian，wangyiyoudaojingshouru53.9yiyuan，tongbizengzhang7.5%；jingyingkuisuntongbishouzhai39.8%；jingyingxingxianjinliuchuyue4.38yiyuan，tongbishouzhai27%。

zuoweiguoneijiaoyudamoxingzuizaoluodideyipiwanjia，wangyiyoudaozheifencaibao，sihubiaozhizheaidamoxingzaijiaoyulingyudeyingyongbujinshikenengde，erqieyijingchujianchengxiao——zheichangyoudamoxingqudongdebiange，yizaijiaoyulingyu，zhujianconglilunzouxiangleshijian。

AI大模型，一场“及时雨”

aizuoweikejiyujinglipujichengduzuigaodegainian，jihuchengweileyikuaizhuan，nalixuyaoneiliban，yinciwangwangyi“ai+”zhiming，canyulejinxienianlaijuedabufensuoweidejishudiedai。

ziran，fengkoubianhuanzhishi，aixingyeyecengranshangguojijinyufuzao。

youqishizai“aerfagou”zhanshenglishishizhihou，aisaidaokeweiredefatang，daliangzibenyongru，zhengxiankonghoujiangreqiansairubeiguanyiaizhimingdeqiyedeyaobaoli。

“aisixiaolong”zhiyideyitukejidechuangshirenzhulong，cengzheimehuiyibishideaikuangre：“womencong3yuefenkaishirongzi，4yuefen（guzhi）keyijiayiyimeijin，5yuefenkeyizaijiayiyimeijin，6yuefenkeyizaijiayiyimeijinshangqu。woshenmedoumeigan，jiukeyizheiyang。”

meihaodekaitou，bingbuyiweizhejiuyoumeihaodeshouchang。cihoujinianjian，aichanyezhujianburuledimi，itjiezishujuxianshi，zi2016yilai，xinchenglideaichuchuangqiyeshubuduanxiahua，conggaofengshiqiyinianshubaijia，ruijianzhiaigclangchaoyongqiqiandeshushijia。

jiuqisuoyin，yifangmianshishangyehuanenglinanyiyanzheng，shangyehualutujubuweijian，daozhizhongduoaiqiyeduanqineiyingliwuwang；yifangmianshibishizhurushijuexiaidengjishu，wufachengjieguangfandexingyexuqiu。

zaicibeijingxia，suizhecengjinggaogemengjindeaiqiyemenfenfenxianrurongzi，yanfa，kuisun，zairongzidesixunhuan，aidegushibuzaiyourenyuanyiting，yemeirenzaiyuanyiweiyizhongaiwanjiadezhangqikuisunmaidan。

weilexuming，dangyuanyuzhougainianyongxianshi，aiwanjiamenfenfenkaoxiangleyuanyuzhou，zuochuleyiduijiakongdeyingyong。erleisidetoujichanwu，ziranhenkuaibeisaojinguzhiduizhong。

zhengdangaiyijinhuqumeizhishi，aidamoxingdejueqi，weiaichanyeyijigengguangfandekejilingyu，dailaileyizhenfusuzhifeng——huigu2023nian，aigclangchaoyouruyichangqiadaohaochudejishiyu，weichenjiyijiudeshangyeshijiezhuruleboboshengji。

yuanyinzaiyu，guowangaixingyeyizhiyilaidetongdian，zhengzhujianbeiaidamoxingxishuwajie。

congxuqiudejiaodulaikan，aidamoxingbulunshizishensuochengzaidexiangxiangkongjian，haishitonggexinggeyedeqihedu，douyuangaoyuguowangdeaijishuluxian。

yigejiandandelizi，guoquaiqiyeweiledoushoufuwu，paichuxiaoshoudajun，nazhesuoweide“zhihuifangan”daochuzanju，heqiyeyibashouhejiu，quehennanquanfuqiyeweizishenchanpinmaidan；erdangxia，qiyezhumenzeyigaiguowangde“gaoao”，fenfenyanjiuqiruheliyongaidamoxingjiangbenzengxiao。

zhengrugartnerfuzongcaijiangaojifenxishiarun chandrasekaransuoyan，shengchengshi ai jiangchengweiqiyeguanlicengde“shouyaorenwu”。ergartneryezaiqunian10yuedebaogaozhongyuce，dao2026nian，chaoguo80%deqiyejianghuicaiyongshengchengshiaideyingyongchengxubianchengjiekou（api）huomoxing，huozaiqishengchanhuanjingzhongbushushengchengshiaizhichideyingyong。

erzheizhongyanbian，duiyuaichanyezishenyehao，neixiezaichuangxinyuzengzhangshangyudaopingjingdelingyuyeba，wuyishiyijiqiangxinzhen。

yiguanggaoxingyeweili，dapanchengyadiejia“heitiane”qijiantoufangxuqiujianruo，guanggaoxingyeguoquyiduanshijianlixianrulekundunqi，zaicibeijingxia，aigclangchaochengweilepojudechukou。

questmobileshujuxianshi，woguo2023niansijiduhulianwangguanggaoyewutongbizengzhang9.8%zhi2330.6yiyuan。

qunian，kekoukeleyicengfabuguomingwei《masterpiece》dechuangyiguanggao，quanpianyoushipai+stable diffusionmoxing+3dyinqingzhizuo，shiyipingkelechuanyuejinleshijieminghualideshijie。guanggaoyijingfabu，bianzaishejiaomeitishangzhanhuolelianlianhaoping。

caibaoxianshi，2023niandisijidu，wangyiyoudaozaixianyingxiaofuwujingshouru4.7yiyuan，tongbizengzhang96.9%，lianxuwugejidujingshourutongbizengzhangchaoguo50%。juxi，muqianwangyiyoudaodayue20%deguanggaocailiaoyinaruaigongzuoliucheng，bujinsuoduanleguanggaosucaidezhizuozhouqi，yetuidonglebufenguanggaosucaizhizuochengbenxiajiang。

zheiyiweizhe，zaishangyouneirongshengchanlingyu，wulunshiguanggaochuangyi，haishishengchengwenben、tupian、shipinsucai，jieyibeibuduanyanjindejishuchaoliusuofugai，jijidatishengleneirongshengchanxiaolv，yijiangdileneirongchanchumenjian。erguanggaoxingyedegushi，yibeiyingshi、youxidengneirongchanyesuofuke，aizhengzhongxindingyichuangzuo、fenfayuxiaofeidegeju。

erzaiqifushichang，aiyizaikaituoxindeshangyemoshihefuwumoshi，congaikefudaojuecezhichixitong，congzhinengkefudaojuecezhichixitong，aizaibangzhuqiyetishengyunyingxiaolvfangmiandechengxiaoyufaxianzhu。

xianran，aideguangfanyingyongbujinzhongsulexingyedeyunzuomoshi，gengweizengzhangdakailexindedamen。raner，jishudekuaisuyanjinzhishigushideyimian，jishunengfougengshencengcideluodixiaqian，zeshilingyigeweidu。

如何解开大模型的落地症结

zongguanzhengge2023nian，aidamoxingzai“shiyanshi”，yijitongzishengaoduxiangguandeneirongxingyeligaosufazhan，quezaigengguangfandeshangyehuachangjinglichouchubuqian。

yi“anggui”detongyongdamoxingweili，aigcrechaozhixia，yizhongkejijutoufenfentuichuzishentongyongdamoxing，bingduiqisuanli、canshu，shituduanchugengdadewan，yibiangenghaodijiezhuzheibo“potiandefugui”。raner，youyuchengbenkongzhi、zhaobuzhunbadengwenti，zaishijideshangyehuachangjingli，“wanjinyou”bandetongyongdamoxing，luodibianxianbiaoxianquenanyanleguan。

zaicibeijingxia，ruherangdamoxingmanzushijideshangyeqidai，chengweileyigefuzaqiejixujiedademingti。erzhei，qiaqiashiguowangdeaisaidao，naizhiqianyankejifazhannanyiraokaidesijie。

huanyanzhi，ruoshijinjinjujiaoyujishucengmian，juandamoxingbenshen，erhushilehouxudeyingyongluodi、shangyehuabianxianwenti，suoweideaidamoxingrechao，zhongjiangnantaoguowangaisaidaode“suming”——zaikuangretunquhou，yidijimao。

dancongfanfangmianlaikan，damoxingdeluodinantiyezhaoshizhe，sheinenglvxianshixianjishuyingyongluodi，sheibiannengzhandexianji。

yigejiandandelizi，jizhuangxiangdechuxian，jigaibianlejiaoyidefangshi，yidafujiangdilequanqiumaoyidechengben，congerzhongsuleshijiedejingjiditu。kefamingjizhuangxiangderenbingweibeiguangfanjizhu，xiangfan，jiangjizhuangxianggainianshangyehuademaerkemu·maikelaien，quechengweilegongrende“jizhuangxiangzhifu”。

jiuqisuoyin，tabingmeiyoutingliuzaidanchundejishuchuangxincengmian，ershizhiliyujiangqizhenzhengfuwuyuyingyongchangjing，jiejuelezhuangxiexiaolvdixia、chengbengaoangdengzhangqikunraohaiyunyedewenti，congerkaiqileyigequanxindequanqiuhuashidai。

zheiyiweizhe，jishuchuangxinbenshenbingfeizhongdian，zhenzhengdetiaozhanzaiyuruhejiangzheixiechuangxinyingyongyushijichangjing，gaibianheyingxiangxianyoudexingyeguizeheshangyemoshi。

erjiaoyulingyu，qiaqiashizheiyangyigeaidamoxingluodidejuejiamaodian。

zaiqunianniandidenianduzhanwangzhong，weiruandelianhechuangshirenbier·gaicizhichu，2024nian，rengongzhinengdeyingyongjiangjinyibujiasu，bingconggenbenshanggexinjiaoyu、yiliaobaojiandengduogelingyu。

zaitakanlai，ainenggoutigongdingzhihuadexuexineirong，shiyingmeigexueshengdedutexuqiu。tongguodongchaxueshengdexuexidonglihexingqudian，jifaqideqiuzhiyu，congerzaiweilai5zhi10nianjiangchedigaibiandangqiandejiaoyumoshiheneirong。

cihuabujia，bijingjiaoyubenshenshiyigegaodugexinghua、kezhihuadexingye，quedingjiaoxuexiaoguode，conglaibushijiandandezhishidanxiangchuanshu，ershitongxueshengjieshouchengdu、xianghufankuijinmixiangguan。erzheiyeshiweijiaoyufuwumaidandejiazhangqunti，yizhiyilairezhongyiduiyijiaoxue，huoshituierqiuqicixuanze“xiaoban”deyuanyin。

eraigc，tongzhongguochuantongyujing，yanxizikongzideyincaishijiaoyouzheyimaixiangchengdeanhezhichu。yincijiangdamoxingyongzuojiaoyulingyu，qiaqiajizhongleguowangjiaoyuxingyederuanlei——jinengshixianguangfandezhishifugai，yinengshenkelijiebutongxueshengdechayihuaxuqiu，bingjiejuechuantongyiduiyijiaoxuerenlichengbenyujiaoxuezhiliangdemaodun。

yinxungailuoji，wangyiyoudao、xueersidengwanjia，junzaimuyuzheaizheichang“jishiyu”，jijibujudamoxing，litutongguojishugexinlaizhongsuzengzhangluoji。

yiwangyiyoudaoweili，zidamoxingrechaoyongdongyishi，wangyiyoudaobianzaozaoquelileziyan+yingyongdecelve——bingmeiyouchenniyuduiqisuanli、canshu，ershijiangmuguangwangxiangshijiyingyongchangjing，jieyou“ziyue”jiaoyudamoxingkuaisuluodileyixiliechengguo。

dianhuacaibaohuiyishangbiaoshi，wangyiyoudaotoululezishendedamoxingbianxianguan——zhuazhujiaoyuzhongdezhongyaoshiyongchangjing，ranhoujiangqishixianshangyehua。

duici，qizhuyaocongjujiaoduixianyouyewuhechanpindegaijin，yijituichuquanxindechanpinlianggefangxiangqieru，shituzaitizhenxianyouyewudetongshi，tongguotuichenchuxinjuequxindezengliang。

xianran，zuoweijiaoyusaidaoneilvxian“shangcai”dewanjia，wangyiyoudaotongshijubeijiaopei、neirong、yingruanjiandengnengli，jiwangyewudefengfu，shiqibingbuhuixianrudamoxingluodi，zhaobudaobadejumian。

erzongguancaibao，wangyiyoudaoxianjieduanyeyizaidamoxingshangyehualingyu，paochuleyidingdechengguo。

●xunirenkouyusijiaohi echoshangxianyilai，chanpinzhuceyonghuyijinbaiwan；

●aijiatingjiaoshi“xiaop laoshi”zaiyoudaoaixuexijix20neideshiyonglvda40%，chengyonghuzuishouhuanyingyingyong；

●zaiaiboxdengllmgongnengdedaidongxia，youdaocidianjifanyidedingyuefeiyonglianxu3gejidutongbizengzhangchao100%；

●shuzineirongfuwuq4jingshouru5.1yiyuan，tongbizengzhang13.4%，qizhongyoudaobowenyinruaichuangzuozhidaofuwuyilai，shixianchao2.5wancijingpi，huoyonghuguangfanrenke；

●zaixianyingxiaoyewu，tongguocaiyongaijishushengchengyue20%deguanggaosucai，tigaoxiaolvdetongshidadajieyuechengben，shixianlianxu5gejidutongbizengzhangchao50%。

buguo，duiyuqizhongyouyixieyewueryan，damoxingsuodailaidejijiyinsu，shangweitixianzaiwangyiyoudaozheifencaibaoli。

找寻灯塔，冲出迷雾

jinguanwangyiyoudao2023nianzhengtibiaoxianshangke，danzhinengyingjianduanmuqiandebiaoxian，sihuhaiweijiyuqi。

caibaoxianshi，2023nianwangyiyoudaozhinengyingjianjingshouruweirenminbi9.1yiyuan，tongbixiajiang27.6%。shujuxiahuabeihou，jiyouxingyecengmiandeyuanyin，yeyougongsizishensuomianlindetiaozhan。

xianjieduan，wulunshixiaofeidianzilingyu，haishijiaoyuxingyedeshangkong，douzhenglongzhaozhezhenzhenyinyun，zaicidabeijingxia，youdaoshenwei“juzhongren”，bukebimiandiyemianlinzheyixiezhengjie。

yifangmian，xiaofeidianzixingyehandongyijiu，wulunshizhilengqixiaofeidianzichanye“huangjinshinian”deshouji、pcxingye，haishiyiduzhichengqixiaofeidianzichanyelian“xinxin”dexrsaidao，junnanyanleguan。

idcshujuxianshi，2023nianquanqiuar/vrtouxianchuhuoliang810wantai，tongbixiahua8.3%；jiulianredupogaodepingguovision pro，yifanqile“tuihuochao”。

lingyifangmian，zishuangjianluodiyilai，jiazhangquntibeiyayidejiaopeixuqiubeizhuanyidaolejiaoyuxiangguanchanpinshang，tuidonglejiaoyuyingjianshichangde“baofuxingzengzhang”。

raner，suizhehoushuangjianshidaizhinengyingjiandehongliqidejianjianxiaotui，diejiaxiaofeidianzilingyudeweimi，wangyiyoudaozaizhinengyingjianfangmiandezengzhangziranxiandefali。

ciwai，guanchuan2023niandeqinglidiroidexianxiaqudao，yijiqukucundongzuo，yezaiyidingchengdushangtuoleileyoudaozhinengyingjiandebiaoxian。

duici，jinguanwangyiyoudaozaidianhuacaibaohuiyishanghuiyingcheng：“muqianxianxiaqudaoyouhuayijingwancheng”，danzheigengduozhishishizhinengyingjianbiaoxianhuiguiheliqujian，ruoshiyiqiaodongzengzhangweimude，neijinkaoqudao、yingxiaofangmiandeyouhua，xianranyuanyuanbugou。

youzhe“quanqiudiyiceo”zhichengdetongyongdianqijituanyuanceojieke·weierqicengshuoguo，ruguonixiangrangchezaikuaishigongli，zhixujiayijiayoumen，ruguorangchesutigaoyibei，jiuyaohuanguidaole。

congguoqudekejifazhanmailuolaikan，jishuyanbianwangwangnenggoubangzhuyigexingyezouchujingjizhouqidenitan——zhinengshoujidechuxiankaiqileyidonghulianwangshidai，xinnengyuanqichedejueqizhengzaizhongxindingyiqichexingyedegeju。eraidamoxing，tongyangruci。

huanyanzhi，wangyiyoudaoxianjieduan，bujinxuyaoyouhuazhinengyingjianyewuguowangdezhengjie，gengxujieyouaigclangchao，qiaodongxindezhouqi。erzhei，yishidangxiaxiaofeidianzixingyedegongshi。

guoquyinianjian，huawei、meizu、oppo、vivo、xiaomidengshoujichangshangfenfenguanxuanzishendedamoxing，eryingteer、gaotong、yingweidadengshangyoujutouyiyizhenduiaijinxingyingjiangaizao，xietongshouji、pcchangshangjinxingchanpinshengji，tuichudazaiaideyingjianchanpin。

aishouji、ai pcdejieliantuichu，biaozhizhejiangdamoxingyuyingjianzhongduanjiehe，yichengweiqianyankejichangshanggongtongdedaolu。bijingaichanyeguowangdesumingxunhuanyiranzhengming，ruojishuluodizhishitingliuzaigduan、bduan，zuizhongnantaodangaofenjindejumian，weiyouzhenzhengyikandejian、modezhedexingshiqierucduanshichang，cainengzhenzhengshixianjishudequanmianpuji。

erwangyiyoudaojiangdamoxingrongruzhinengjiaoyuyingjiandedafa，jitongqianyanchangshangdepojuluxianyizhi，yifuheyoudaozuozijishanzhangdeshideshangyejiyin。

zaizuotiandecaibaodianhuahuizhong，wangyiyoudaoceozhoufengbiaodaleduiyingjianweilaifazhandexinxin，tazhichuyoudaoyijingjianlilechengshudegongyingliantixi，muqianzhengzaikuodachanpinfanwei、wanshanyingjianjuzhen，weilaijiangshixiangengguangfanyonghuquntidenangkuo。

yinci，duizhengzaidakaisilu，shitushuxiexingushidewangyiyoudaoeryan，zhuduojijideyinsuzhengzaizhujianfuxian，zhishi，zhiyuzuizhongdechengguo，kenenghaixuyaoshijianlaiyanzheng。danguigenjiedi，wulunshiwangyiyoudaoyehao，haishizhuduozhefuyuxianxingzhouqidexingyeyeba，zhiyaofangxiangzhengque，kangguodangqiandehandong，zhongjiangdenglaizhouqizhongsudechunnuanyanyangtian。