界面新闻记者 | 唐俊

yinyixieanhuichengshiyunanjinglaiwangmiqie，jiangsushenghuinanjingchangbeiquchengwei“huijing”。zainanjingdoushiquanguihuahuopizhihou，zheiyichengweibeifuyugengduoxianshiyiyi。

nanjingdoushiquanzhongbujinyou5zuojiangsudechengshi，haiyou4zuoanhuidechengshi。jinnian3yuedi，anhuishengmaanshanshichutai《guanyuquanmianrongrunanjingderuoganjucuo》，“quanmianrongru”debiaoshugengshijiaqiangle“huijing”dediwei。

kuashishenzhikuashengronghefazhan，yijingchengweichengshifazhandedaqushi，youqishizaidachengshizhouwei。chulenanjingdoushiquanbaohanshengwaichengshi，zhongqingdoushiquanzhongyebaokuosichuanshengdeguanganshi。

congchengshiqundaodoushiquan，chengshizhijiandejinmidujiaqiang，bicizhijiandeguanxiyoujingzhenggengduozhuanxianghezuo，shenzhimaixiangtongchenghua，danyirancunzaixingzhengquhuadailaidebilei。

城市群到都市圈

congguanfangfabudeliciwunianguihuazhong，keyishulichuzhongguochengshifazhanjinchengdebianhua。

2000nianshi，zhongguodechengzhenhualvjinwei36%。yincizai“shiwu”（2001-2005）jihuazhong，zhuyaorenwushi“tigaochengzhenhuashuiping”，haimeiyouguanyuchengshiqundebiaoshu。“shiyiwu”（2006-2010）shiqi，chengshiqunyicishoucichuxianzaiwunianguihuazhong，dandangshichengshiqunhaibujuguimo，rengshiweiletuijinchengzhenhuaerfuwu。

suizhechengzhenhualvtisheng，yanhaijingjifadadediquchengshizhujianlianpian。daole“shierwu”（2011-2015），kaishidalifazhanchengshiqun。guihuatidao，zaidongbudiquzhubudazaogengjuguojijingzhenglidechengshiqun，zaizhongxibuyoutiaojiandediqupeiyuzhuangdaruoganchengshiqun。

daole“shisanwu”（2016-2020），zhongguojiakuaichengshiqunjianshe，mingquetichulejingjinji、zhangsanjiao、zhusanjiao、shandongbandao、zhangjiangzhongyou、chengyu、guanzhongpingyuan、beibuwandengjin20gechengshiqun，mubiaoshishixianchengshiqunyitihuagaoxiaofazhan。

muqiansuochude“shisiwu”（2021-2025）shiqi，chengshiqunrengshizhongyaofazhanfangxiang，danguihuazhongshoucixinzengyijieguanyudoushiquandeneirong，yaoqiupeiyufazhanyipitongchenghuachengdugaodexiandaihuadoushiquan。

congchengshiqundaodoushiquan，yigezhongyaodefenshuilingshi2019nian，dangnianguojiafagaiweifabu《guanyupeiyufazhanxiandaihuadoushiquandezhidaoyijian》（yixiajiancheng《zhidaoyijian》）。doushiquanyicisuiranzaoyiyouzhi，danzaigaizhidaoyijianchutaizhihou，doushiquancaizhenzhengbeinaruguojiacengmianguihua，bingzai“shisiwu”shiqiyouxiangxiguihua。

《zhidaoyijian》duidoushiquandedingyiyitongqinshijianweibiaozhun，zaichengshiqunneibuyichaodatedachengshiweizhongxin，1xiaoshitongqinquanfugaidefanweijiweidoushiquan。

buguobeijingjiaotongdaxuezhongguochengzhenhuayanjiuzhongxinjiaoshouzhaojianrenwei，doushiquandehexinshigaiquyuneishifoucunzaitongqinjiuyefangmiandejinmilianxi，erbujinjinshi1xiaoshitongqinshijian，hexinchengshiyingweilinjinxianshizhishaotigonggaixian25%dejiuyegangwei。

huadongshifandaxuechengshifazhanyanjiuyuanyuanzhangcenggangduijiemianxinwenbiaoshi，doushiquandefanweibichengshiqungengxiao，xiangdangyuzaiyiqiandadefanweineizaihuachuyikuaiquyuzhongdianfazhan，ruguoshuochengshiqunshixietongfazhandehua，doushiquanneibudelianxizegengjinmi，yaoxiangtongchenghuamaijin。

2021nianzhijin，guojiafagaiweiyigongpifule14geguojiajidoushiquan，chulexibeidiqu，qitadifangjunyou。zheixiedoushiquanzhongdezhongxinchengshi，chuleqingdaoheshenzhen，doushishenghuichengshihuozhixiashi。

congmianjilaikan，guojiajidoushiquandaduoshi2wan-3wanpingfanggongli，doushiquanneichangzhurenkoujibenzai1500wanyishang，bufenchaoguo3000wan。

lingwai，shanghaidadoushiquanheshoudoudoushiquanyezaijianshezhong，suiranweiyiguojiafagaiweidemingyipifu，danjibietongyanghengao。qizhong，shanghaidadoushiquanbaokuoshanghai、wuxi、changzhou、suzhou、nantong、ningbo、huzhou、jiaxing、zhoushanzaineide“1+8”shiyuxingzhengquyu，kuayuehusuzhesanshengshi。

如何同城化

tongchenghuashidoushiquanzuizhongyaodetezheng。

tongchenghuadejichushijiaotonghutong，youyujulilazhang，guidaojiaotongchengweishouxuan。ditieshenpishouxianhou，shiyutieluhechengjitielutishangricheng。

chengdoudoushiquannei，chengdoutongwangziyangdeshiyutielus3xianyuji2024nian9yuejiuhuitongche，tongwangdeyangdes11xianhetongwangmeishandes5xianzhengzaijianshezhong。zheixieshiyutielujieruchengdouditiewang，jianganzhaoditiemoshiyitihuayunying。

guangdongzecaiyongchengjitieludemoshi。5yue26ri，beichengwei“wanqudahaoditie”deguangfonanhuanhefoguanchengjikaitong，yuciqianyijingkaitongdefozhaochengji、guanhuichengjixianglian，hengkuaguangzhou、foshan、dongguan、zhaoqing、huizhou5zuochengshi，anzhaoditiemoshiyunying，shuagongjiaokajinzhansuidaosuizou。

yingjianjichusheshizhiwai，gengzhongyaodeshiruanxingcengmianderonghe。

“shisiwu”guihuatidao，gulidoushiquanshebaoheluohujifenhuren、jiaoyuheyiliaoziyuangongxiang，tuidongkejichuangxinquantongduitongyong、chanyeyuanquhekeyanpingtaihezuogongjian；guliyoutiaojiandedoushiquanjianlitongyideguihuaweiyuanhui，shixianguihuatongyibianzhi、tongyishishi，tansuotuijintudi、renkoudengtongyiguanli。

buguojishishizuizaopifudenanjingdoushiquan，julishangshumubiaorengjiaoyuan。

xiangyaoquanmianrongrunanjingdemaanshan，gexiangcuoshirengzaituijinzhong。maanshantichu，jihuameinianxuanpairuogannianqingganbufunanjingshidangzhengjiguan、keyanyuansuo、qishiyedanweigenbanxuexi；dingqixuanpaizhongxiaoxue、youeryuanxiaozhang（yuanzhang）、jiaoshifunanjinggengangduanlian；tuidongliangdiyiyuangongjianyilianti；tuidongmaanshanruanjianyuanyujiangsuruanjianyuankaizhanshenduhezuodeng。

5yue1ri，nanjingdoushiquanxiangtongchenghuazaimaijinyibu，dangtiannanjingzhufanggongjijinzhongxinfabugonggao，nanjingdoushiquannei9gechengshizhufanggongjijinkehurenhudai。

yixiedifangkaishiyidoushiquandemingyizhaoshang，erbushidangechengshi。5yue18ri，zai2024touzichengdouzhaoshangdahuishang，chengdoushi、deyangshi、meishanshi、ziyangshilianhefabuchengdoudoushiquantouzijihuiqingdan，gongtongtuichu232gexiangmu。

“jinhou，renkouhuigengduoxiangdadoushiquanjuji，dadoushiquanhuichengweijingjizengzhangdefadongji，erbushigegesheng。”zhaojianshuo。

行政区划的壁垒

doushiquandetongchenghuazhilubingburongyi。zhangqiyilai，zaijingjizhibiaoweizhudekaotixixia，gegechengshizhijiangengduoshijingzhengguanxi。

cenggangrenwei，difangzhengfuyijingxiguanzheizhongjingzhengmoshi，nianditongjigdpshizonghuihuxiangbijiao，danxinbei“linju”chaoguo。lirusuzhouhewuxi，lianggechengshiguimoxiangjin、juliyoubuyuan，andilichangyoujiaojing。

fudandaxuejingjixueyuanjiaoshoulanxiaohuanzai《zhishenshinei》yishuzhongxiedao，zaidiqujingjijingzhengzhonghuichanshengdifangbaohuzhuyi，shenzhichuxian“yilinweihe”deexingjingzhengxianxiang；zaimuqiandefazhanjieduan，zhengfuxuyaochengdanqigengjiaduoyuandezhineng，jianggengduoziyuantourujiaoyu、yiliao、shehuibaozhangdengminshenglingyu。

shishishang，chengshizhijianderongheciqianbingbuyikaozhengfu，lirushanghaigenzhoubiandesuxichangyijinantongdengdifang，buguanshiqiye、touzizhehaishilaobaixingzhijianjiaowang，doushixianshixuqiu。“erdifangzhengfuyiqianshenzhishizaixianzhizheixiejiaoliu，danxinzibenpaodaobiededifangqutouzi。”cenggangshuo。

xianzai，chengshidefazhansiweizhuanbian，congxianghujingzhengzhubuzhuanxianghezuogongying，bimianchengweilingheyouxi。cenggangrenwei，zaidoushiquannei，gegechengshikeyifahuibijiaoyoushigongtongfazhan，liruzhongxinchengshichanchukejichengguohou，zaizhoubianchengshijianshezhuanhuajidi，leijizibenhouzaihuiqujixuyanfa，zhengtixiaoyihuigenghao。

zhongguochengshijingjixuehuifuhuizhangqinzunwenyerenwei，xianzaidifangzhengfudeguannianqueshizaizhuanbian。taxiangjiemianxinwenjieshaoleyigechengshihezuodeanli：yiqianhubeihuangshi、huanggangdengdihennanzhaopindaoboshi，yinweigaoduanrencaigengyuanyiliuzaiwuhan，xianzaihuangshizaiwuhanjingneishelileliankechuangzhongxin，henrongyijiuzhaopindaoleboshirencai；zheixieboshipingrishenghuohegongzuodouzaiwuhan，xiangshouwuhandejiaoyuheyiliao，danzaiweihuangshideqiyechuangzaojiazhi，gongziyeshihuangshiqiyefafang。

huangshi（wuhan）liankechuangzhongxinyu2021nian6yuezaiwuhanguanggukaiyuan，shihubeishengdiyige“kechuangfeidi”。tongguoduijieguanggukechuangdazoulang，shixianyanfazaiwuhan、shengchanzaihuangshi。

飞地模式已在很多地方被应用。目前，马鞍山、淮安、滁州等地在南京设有近20个“研发飞地”、“人才飞地”；shenzhenzaishanweishelileshenshantebiehezuoqu，zuoweishenzhenxingzhengquyudeyibufenguanli。

zhaojianduijiemianxinwenbiaoshi，suiranchengshizhijiandehezuoyuelaiyueduo，danshixingzhengbileihaishihennanpochu。tarenwei，doushiquandehexinshibendilaodonglishichangdeyitihua，jijiaotongtongqinyizhi、shehuibaozhangyizhi、yiliaobaozhangyizhideng，xianzaihenduodoushiquanhaimeiyouzuodao。

tatidao，bendilaodonglishichangbingbushiguihuachulaide，ershishichangfazhandaoyidingchengduziranxingchengde。zaidangqian“fenzaochifan”decaishuitizhihedifangguanyuangdpkaohetizhixia，yaoxingchengkuaquyudebendilaodonglishichangrengyounandu。

2024nian1yue，nanjingshifagaiweigongbule《nanjingdoushiquanfazhanguihua》zhongqipinggudejieguo，gaipinggujieguotongyangtidaoexingjingzhenghexingzhengbileidewenti。

pinggujieguoxianshi，youyugechengshizaichanyefazhandingweishangdequtong，daozhitongzhihuajingzheng、zhaoshangyinziexingjingzhengdengxianxiangfasheng。tongshi，xingzhengbileixianzhilenanjingdoushiquandefazhanqianli，zaifazhanzhong“chengshibenwei”deqingxiangrengrantuchu，hexinchengshihezhoubiandiqujingzhengyouyu、hezuobuzu，quefawanshandeliyifenxiangjizhi。

lingwai，jichangqun、gangkouqunxietongfazhanbuzu，quyuxingwenhua、tiyu、huanweidenggonggongfuwusheshizhongfujiansheyanzhong，bujuquefatongchoudeng，zaihendachengdushangezhilenanjingdoushiquanyitihuafazhan。

“无形的手”更重要

difangzhengfuzaihuxingzhengbianjie，danshichangquebuzaihu。“shichangjiangjiuxiaoyi，meiyoudiyuhexingzhengquhuadegainian，qiyedetouziyuhezuozhuyaokannengbunengzhuanqian。”cenggangshuo。

tarenwei，zhengfudexingdongyingzhuyaojizhongzaigonggongfuwulingyu，zaishangyelingyuxugengduodifahuishichangheshehuideliliang。“zhengfubuzaiyuchuleduoshaozhengce，ershibagaiguandeshiqingguanhao，bugaiguandeshiqingjiaojixingyexiehuiheshehuizuzhilaiguan，gengyouliyudoushiquanzhengtidefazhan。”

doushiquanfazhandehaobuhao，bingmeiyouyigemingquedebiaozhun。zaicenggangkanlai，kuachengshideminjianzuzhishifouhuoyue，shiyigehenzhongyaodezhibiao。kuaquyuxingyexiehui、shehuituantideshuliangduo、yingxianglida，yidingchengdushangkeyifanyingdoushiquanronghedechengdugao。

maanshanrongrunanjingdejihuazhong，jiubaokuominjianjiaoliuhezuo，jihuajianlishiji、xianjigongshanglianyijishangxiehuidingqijiaoliujizhi，tuidongxianqugongshanglianzainanjingsuoshuxianquchengliyidishanghui。

muqianlaikan，shanghai、shenzhen、guangzhoudengdoushiquanfazhanjiaohao。qitadoushiquanzhong，cenggangrenwei，jiangnandiqudebaorongxinghefadadeshangyeyouliyunanjing、hangzhoudoushiquandefazhan，danleisishenyangzheizhongdifangzhengfufuwuxinghaibugouqiangdedifang，huimianlinhenduotiaozhan。“xianghujingzhengdechuantonggengnonghou、shehuizuzhixiangduijiaoruo，jiuhuigengnanyixie。”

qinzunwentongyangrenweishichangzheizhi“wuxingdeshou”henzhongyao。tatidao，zaidoushiquandejiansheguochengzhong，gefangdouyaohuoyi，erbushidanchundedachengshifuchizhongxiaochengshi，bingqieyaofahuishichangjizhidezuoyong，liangfangmianqueyibuke。

各个都市圈的规划中，基本也都强调了市场的重要性。2023年发布的《深圳都市圈规划》提到，要尊重市场规律，充分发挥市场主体的活力和创造力。

guojiafagaiweifabude《zhidaoyijian》mingque，yaojianchishichangzhudao、zhengfuyindao，shidoushiquanjianshechengweishichangzhudao、ziranfazhandeguocheng，chengweizhengfuyindao、gaozhiliangfazhandeguocheng。