界面新闻记者 | 唐俊

touzijin9yiyuan、2021nianjiuyijianchengdiaoshi，danzhidaoxianzaidouhaimeiyoutourushiyong，delinghashideyouguidianchexianlu，xiangshichengshijilibiaomiandeyidaoshanghen。

“weishenmezhangshijianbukaitongyunying？bukaitongyunyingdehua，bushilangfeilema？”dangdishiminzairenminwanglingdaoliuyanbanxiangdelinghashilingdaotiwen。

delinghashiguoziweizai2023nian12yuedihuifucheng，youyugaixiangmuweigaoyuandiqudiyitiaoyouguidiancheshifanxian，xiangmupingguguochengzhongfaxianbufensheshizaigaoyuandiquyunxingcunzaianquanyinhuan。muqian，xiangguanbumenzhengzaizuzhijishudanweihexiangmujianshedanweiduixiangguanwentijinxingzhenggai，daiwentizhenggaiwanchenghou，jiangzaicipinqingdisanfangzhuanyejigouduixiangmujinxinganquanpinggu，daipinggutongguobingbanlixiangguanyunyingshouxuhou，zhengshikaitongyunying。

5yue29ri，jiemianxinwenxiangdangdi12345shizhangrexianzixunyouguidianchejinqishifouhuikaitong，gongzuorenyuanbiaoshi，jingyuxiangguanbumenlejie，jinqizanwukaitongyouguidianchedejihua。

delinghashiqinghaishenghaiximengguzuzangzuzizhizhoudezhoufu，shiquhaiba3000mizuoyou，mianji2.77wanpingfanggongli，xiangdangyu4geshanghaidemianji，changzhurenkoujin9wanzuoyou，qizhongchengzhenrenkoubudao7wan。

zheiyangderenkoumiduxianranbucunzaijiaotongyongdudewenti。zaidelingha，youguidianchebeidangzuoyigelvyouxiangmulaikandai。dangdizhengfucheng，youguidianche“keyouxiaotishengchengshizhimingduhechengshipinzhi，chengweichengshideliudongguanjingpingtai”，“duitishengdelinghashilvyouchanyefazhanjuyouzhongdacujinzuoyong”。

不过，xiangbishenghuixining，delinghabingbushiyigeremenlvyoumudedi，ajilvyoujingdianzhiyouyigekelukehu（3a），julishiqu40duogongli。qieyouyuqihouyinsu，delinghayinianzhongzuijialvyoushijianshixiaji。rangdelinghaxiaoyoumingqideshidangdaishirenhaizideshi，neiju“jiejie，jinyewozaidelingha”，jizheigechengshidushangyicenglangmandesecai。

delinghayouguidianche2017nianzhengshikaigongjianshe，dangshishixibushoutiaoxiandaiyouguidiancheluxian。yiqixiangmubaohant1xian、t1zhixianhet2xian，zongzhangyue14.36gongli，zongtouzi8.99yiyuan。

值得注意的是， delingha2016niandedifangyibangonggongyusuanshourucai4.7yiyuan，youguidianchexiangmudetouzijihushidangdiquannianyibangonggongyusuanshourudeliangbei。

dao2019nian10yue，delinghayouguidianchexiangmuxianlujichangzhangongchengquanxianjiuyitongguoyanshou。2020nian5yue，youguidianchekaiqishiyunxing，danzhidaoxianzairengweizhengshiyunying。

大部分项目客流低、严重亏损

delinghashiminxiwangyouguidianchejinkuaikaitong，eryikaitongdeyouguidianchezepubianmianlinkeliushao、yunyingchengbengaodenanti，duoshunantaozhangqidafukuisundemingyun。

foshanshigaomingquyu2019niankaitongyouguidianche，guoqujiniankeliuxishao，youdangdijuminxichengwei“youguidianche”。《nanfangdoushibao》jizhecengzai2023nian3yuefenduocishice，manzaikeda285rendeyouguidianche，quanchengkeliuliangzongjizuiduojin16ming，zuishaoyitangchujizhewaijin2ren。

有轨电车是一种低运量的城市轨道交通， genjuguojiayaoqiu，diyunliangguijiaoxitongchuqikeliuqiangdubudiyu0.1wanrenci/gongli·ri。danshi，muqianjuedabufenxiangmudoubumanzuzheiyiyaoqiu。keliuqiangdushizhimeitianmeigonglixianluyouduoshaorenchengzuo，jiangxianluzhangduyinsunarukaolv，bidanchundekeliugengnengyouxiaofanyingyunyingqingkuang。

jiemianxinwencongjiaotongyunshubuhezhongguochengguixiehuichaxundaobufenchengshiyouguidianchedekeliuqingkuang，yigongbu2023niankeliushujudechengshizhong，70%meiyoudadaoshangshubiaozhun。jishishichengdou、wuhanzheiyangdechaodachengshi，keliuqiangduyediyu0.1wanrenci/gongli·ri。erzheihaizhishichuqidekeliuqiangduyaoqiu，bufenchengshiyouguidiancheyijingkaitongduonian，zaoyibushichuqijieduan。

珠海有轨电车在停运前，客流强度为0.04万人次/公里·日，日均客流仅为3378人次。黄石2023年客流强度也只有0.04万人次/公里·日。（相关阅读：《停运3年后，珠海有轨电车将正式拆除》）

keliuzuidideshigansutianshui、yunnanwenshan、yunnanhonghezhousandi。2023nian，tianshuiyouguidiancherijunkeliujinyou2616renci，wenshanyouguidiancherijunkeliu1372renci，honghezhouyouguidiancherijunkeliucai797renci。

honghezhouyeshiquanguoyouguidianchekeliuqiangduzuididedifang，jinyou0.006wanrenci/gongli·ri。

genjuyunnanshengmengzishijiaotongyunshujuwangzhanpiludeyifenyouguidiancheyunyingchengbenjianshenbaogao，2022niangaixiangmukepiaoshouru107.5wanyuan，eryunyingchengben（wanquanchengben）8409wanyuan。zheitiaozongtouzi15.7yiyuandexianlu，yinianyaokuisun8000duowanyuan。

zhuhaiyouguidiancheyunyingqijian，zongjipiaokuanshouruzhiyou387wanyuan，yuanyuandiyusannianduojin3yiyuandeyunyingchengben，xiangdangyumeifuwuyigechengkexubutie66yuan。tianshuiyouguidiancheyiqigongchengzongtouziwei24.46yiyuan，bukaolvjianshechengben，yiniankuisunjiudadao3840wanyuan

jibianshisanyazheiyangyoukezhongduodezhiminglvyouchengshi，qiyouguidiancheyechuyudafukuisunzhong。genjusanyashijiaotongyunshujuzai2022nian11yuefabude《sanyashiyouguidiancheshifanxianpppxiangmudiyiyunyingqijixiaopingjiabaogao》，difangzhengfumeinianyaoxiangsanyayouguidianchebutie1.11yiyuan。

jiezhi2023nianmo，zhongguoneidiyou23gechengshikaitongleyouguidianche，zonglichengdadao578gongli，qizhongyeyoubufenxianluyunyingjiaohao。

例如淮安作为三线城市，其有轨电车客流曾是全国最高的。2023年，淮安有轨电车的客流强度为0.1万人次/公里·日，超过了成都、武汉、苏州、青岛等城市。相比不少城市将有轨电车修建在城市新区，淮安有轨电车线路途径区域人口密集、通行需求成熟，为其提供了客流基础。

beijingyouguidianchexijiaoxiantongwangxiangshan，bingyuditie10haoxianjiebo，chunyou、shanghongyedengshijiekeliubaopeng。guangzhouhaizhuyouguidianchexianluyanzhujiangerxing，bingqiejiuzaiguangzhoutabianshang，shiyitiaomingfuqishideguanguangxianlu，2023nian“wuyi”qijianrijunkeliudadao2.69wanrenci。

前期可行性研究形同虚设

anzhaogexiangmuciqiankexingxingbaogaodekeliuyuce，muqianquanguogedideyouguidiancheyinggaixinxinxiangrong，ranershijiqingkuangdaxiangjingting。

yijingchaichudezhuhaiyouguidianche，qishijikeliuzhiyouyucekeliude5%。sanyayouguidianchexiangmudeyucerijunkeliushi3.5wanrenciyishang，shijikeliuzhiyou2000duorenci。

qitaxiangmujibenyedoumeiyoudadaodangchudeyucekeliu，yinweiruguoyucekeliuguodi，xiangmubianmeiyouxiujiandebiyao，yejiuwufaguoshen。

delinghayouguidianchesuowei“gaoyuandiquyunxingcunzaianquanyinhuan”dewenti，yebenbuyinggaishiwenti。jishu、qihou、dilidengyinsu，liyingzaixiangmukaishizhiqiandekexingxingyanjiubaogaozhongjiujiejue，xiangmuqueshikexingcainengzhengshikaigong。

xifangjiangangguiwuyong、huaerbushidezhengfuxiangmuchengzuo“baixiang”gongcheng，baixiangbeishiweishenshengerbukeqinfandedongwu，siyangyitoubaixianghuafeijingren。zaijiaotongyufazhanzhengceyanjiusuo（itdp）dongyaqushouxidaibiaoliudaizongkanlai，zhongguodebufenyouguidianchejiushibaixiang。

tazhichu，youguidiancheshiyizhongxiaolvjiaodidejiaotonggongju，kuaisugongjiaoxitong（brt）suozhanyongdetudiheluquanyuyouguidiancheyiyang，danxiaolvgaochuhenduo、chengbendihenduo。“henduojuecezherongyirenwei，jialelianggeguidaojiubiandegenggaojile，shijibingfeiruci。”

“jiuqiyuanyin，yiqianjiansheyixiedaxinggonggongjichusheshibingbushixuqiudaoxiang、ershigongjidaoxiang。buguanyoumeiyouxuqiujiujian，shenzhibufenxiangmuzaijianhaozhihou，caiquxunzhaoyingyongchangjing。”liuzongdaiduijiemianxinwenshuo，zaonianjianhenduoxiangmuzailixiangshi，bingfeiyouzhuanyerenyuanjueding，ershizhengfuguanyuanpaiban，youciyedaozhibufenxiangmudekexingxingyanjiumeiyouzhenzhengfahuizuoyong。

zaiciguochengzhong，gebieyouguidianchexiangmushenzhichengleguanyuanfubaide“wenchuang”。ju《zhongguojijianjianchabao》debaodao，2016-2017nian，shirenqinghaidelinghashichangwufushizhangdezhangbiaofen7cixiangbeijingmougongsidelinghafengongsisuoyao1486wanyuan。gaigongsiyinchengjiandelinghayouguidianchexiangmubeizhangbiaodingshang，chengweitade“tikuanji”，gaigongsiyeshibeitasuohuishuezuiduodegongsi。

ciwai，youguidiancheyuditieheqingguixiangbi，shenpicengjigengdi，yedaozhiyixiebunengxiujianditiedechengshizhengxiangshangma。qingguiheditiexuyaoguojiafagaiweishenpi，bingqieyoujutidegdp、caizheng、renkoutiaojianyaoqiu，youguidianchezhixushengjibumenshenpi，duidifangcaizhengmeiyoumingqueyaoqiu。

juliudaizongjieshao，xianzaibushaojijianxiangmuzailixiangshi，yijingkaishiduiweilaidecaiwuqingkuangtichutiaojian，birumeinianyaochanghaiduoshaozhaiwu，ruguobunengwancheng，xuyaochengdanxiangyingdezeren。tarenwei，xiangmuzailixiangshi，yidingyaokaolvhouqideyunying，zheiyanggefangdeyalidouhuijianxiao，xiangmuyecainengchixu。

jiemianxinwenlejiedao，ciqianyigexibuchengshixiangguojiafagaiweishenqing100yiyuandexiangmuzijinyongyushengtaihuanjingdaoxiangdekaifa（eod）xiangmu，zaiguojiafagaiweitichuchangzhaitiaojianzhihou，gaichengshijiangshenqingzijineduxiadiaozhi30yiyuan。

lingju《zhongguojiaotongbao》baodao，2023nian12yue，guowuyuanxiafatongzhi，weifangfanhuajiedifangzhengfuzhaiwufengxian，yaoqiutianjin、neimenggu、liaoning、jilin、heilongjiang、guangxi、zhongqing、guizhou、yunnan、gansu、qinghai、ningxiadeng12gezhongdianshengfenjiaqiangzhengfutouzixiangmuguanli，jinqibudezaixinjianchengshiguidaojiaotongheshiyu（jiao）tieludengxiangmu。

亏损严重的项目，拆掉是止损

“有轨电车虽然名义上是公共交通工具，但最主要的作用并不是解决交通问题，而是为了提升城市形象，带动沿线房地产和产业开发。想要解决交通问题，完全有性价比更高的方式。”一位不愿具名的轨交行业人士对界面新闻说。

yunnanhongheyouguidianchegongsidongshizhangpuyufeizaijieshou《shijieguidaojiaotong》zazhicaifangshicengtidao，tongguoduiyouguidiancheyanxiantudidekaifa，daidongleyanxiantudideshengzhihefangdichanzengzhi。wenzhangzhichu，jintudihefangdichanzengzhiyijiqishangyefazhanzengjiadeshuishou，jiuyichaoguoleyouguidianchexiangmutouzidejibei，hongguanjingjixiaoyishifenxianzhu。

danshixianzaifangdichanshichangdimi、difangzhengfucaizhengchengya，yunyingbutieyaliyeyuelaiyueda，youguidiancheziranmeikuangyuxia。

zuijinjinianluxuyouchengshitingyunhuozhechaichuyouguidianche。2023nian6yue，tianjinkaifaqudaoguidianche1haoxianheshanghaizhangjiangyouguidianchexiangjitingyun。2023nian8yue，yunnanhonghezhouyouguidianchexiangmubeichuanjiangtingyun，suihoudangdichumianfouren。2021nian1yuetingyundezhuhaiyouguidianche，zaijinglisannianduodelunzhenghou，yu2024nian5yuezhengshichaichu。

duiyuneixierengzaiyunyingzhongdeyouguidianchexiangmu，liudaizongrenwei，keyichangshijiaoyoushichanghuagongsiyunying，youtamenyulvxingshe、jiudiandenghezuokaifaxindelvyouxiangmu，binganzhaoshichanghuadingjia。

suiranbufenyouguidianchexiangmuzichenglvyouxian，danrenganzhaochengshigonggongjiaotongguihuaxianlu，piaojiarengshipuhuixingpiaojia，meiyouchengweizhenzhengdelvyouxiangmu。“qigema、zuogelanche，douyaojishi、shangbaiyuan，piaojia2yuandeyouguidianchenengjiaolvyouxianma？” liudaizongshuo。

tarenwei，lvyouxiangmujutizenmezuo，shichangzihuiyougezhongxiangfa。ruguoxiangmunenggouzifuyingkui，jiujixuyunying；ruguorengrankuisunyanzhong，jiuchaidiaojishizhisun，buranyaowuzhijingditouqianjinqu。

“ruguoyouguidianchebunengfahuizaikezuoyong，meinianhaiyaodaliangdebutie，gaichaijiushiyaochai。xianzaishiduanbeiqiusheng，yeshidangchujuecededaijia。jiuxiangchaoguyiyang，gaipingcangdeshihoujiuyaopingcang，napashikuile。”liudaizongshuo。