界面新闻记者 |
界面新闻编辑 | 崔宇
fazhanxinzhishengchanlishituidonggaozhiliangfazhandeneizaiyaoqiuhezhongyaozhelidian。”xinzhishengchanli“bujinxierule2024niandezhengfugongzuobaogao,erqie“jianshexiandaihuachanyetixi、fazhanxinzhishengchanli”haibeiliewei2024nianzhengfugongzuorenwuzhishou。
ruhetuidongxinzhishengchanlijiakuaifazhan?wuyishiyigefeichangfuzadeyiti,hangaijingjitizhihekejitizhideshenhuagaige、gaoshuipingduiwaikaifangdekuoda、rencaijizhidewanshan、quanyaosucanyushourufenpeijizhidejianquan,dengdeng。
zuoweiyizhongquanxindeshengchanlililun,xinzhishengchanliyousangejibenneihan:yishixinzhishengchanlidehexinyaosushikejichuangxin;ershixuyaojishijiangkejichuangxinchengguoyingyongdaochanyehechanyelianshang,yongxinjishugaizaotishengchuantongchanye;sanshixinzhishengchanlibenshenjiushilvseshengchanli,bixujiakuaifazhanfangshilvsezhuanxing。yinci,jiemianzhikujihuacongkejichuangxin、jishugaizaohelvsezhuanxingdengsangeweidu,fenbieyanjiugedixinzhishengchanlidefazhanshuiping。
benwenshi《zhongguoquyukejichuangxinnenglipingjiazhishubaogao(2023)》dediyipian,jiemianzhikugoujianlequyukejichuangxinnenglipingjiazhibiaotixi,baokuochuangxinhuanjing、yanfanengli、qiyehuolihechuangxinjixiaosigeyijizhibiaohe24geerjizhibiao(jianxiatu)。pingjiafanweiwei31geshengjixingzhengqu。
qizhong,sixiangyijizhibiaofenbiewei:
chuangxinhuanjing:chuangxinhuanjingshixinzhishengchanlihexindongnengfazhandejichu。gaixiangyijizhibiaozhuyaoguanzhulaizizhengfuzhengcehedisanfangfuwudengcengmiandezhichilidu,ruguojiajigaoxinquheguojiakejiqiyefuhuaqidejianshe、difanggonggongcaizhengduikejidetouru、kepuhuodongdepujilvdeng,zonghefanyinglegeshengshizizhiquzaichuangxinhuanjingjianshefangmiandetouruhebuju。
yanfanengli:yanfanenglishixinzhishengchanlihexindongnengfazhandehexin。gaixiangyijizhibiaozhuyaoguanzhugeshengshizizhiquzaiyanfafangmiandetouru,ruyanfajingfeitouruqiangdu、yanfarenyuanshuliang、gaodengxuexiaodeyanfaketiqingkuangdeng,zonghefanyinglegeshengzaiyanfalingyudeshiliheqianli。
qiyehuoli:qiyeshixinzhishengchanlihexindongnengfazhandezhuti。gaixiangyijizhibiaozhuyaoguanzhuqiyedechuangxinhuodong、yanfatouru、shichangjingzhenglideng,rugaoxinjishuqiyeshuliang、zhuanjingtexin“xiaojuren”qiyeshuliang、qiyeyanfatouruqiangdudeng。zheixiezhibiaozonghefanyinglegeshengshizizhiquqiyezaikejichuangxinfangmiandehuolihebiaoxian。
chuangxinjixiao:chuangxinjixiaoshixinzhishengchanlihexindongnengfazhandechengguo。gaixiangyijizhibiaozhuyaoguanzhuchuangxinhuodongdailaidejingjixiaoyiheshehuixiaoyi,ruquanyuanlaodongshengchanlv、jishushichangchengjiaohetonge、xinchanpinshouruzhanbideng。zheixiezhibiaozonghefanyinglegeshengshizizhiquchuangxinhuodongdechengxiaohegongxian。
在制定指标体系时,界面智库严格遵循了科学性、全面性、可比性、可操作性和独特性五个原则。科学性原则——确保所有指标均基于经济学理论和现实发展情况,真实、准确地反映各省市自治区的科技创新能力;全面性原则——指标体系全面覆盖了影响科技创新活动的各个关键领域,以保证评价的全面性和客观性;可比性原则——确保各省数据在统计口径和计算方法上的一致性,确保数据能够支持区域间标准化的横向比较分析;可操作性原则——所选取的指标数据易于获取、计算和验证,以提高评价工作的可行性和可靠性;独特性原则——新质生产力上市公司市值占比、千万人口国家级研发机构数量和每十万企业中专精特新“小巨人”企业数等指标均为界面智库经过详尽的整理汇总后计算得出。
zaigoujianzhibiaotixiquanzhongshi,womencaiyongahp(analytic hierarchy process,cengcifenxifa)fangfa。ahpfangfashiyizhongdingxingyudingliangxiangjiehedejuecefenxifangfa,ketongguoliangliangbijiaoyinsuzhijiandexiangduizhongyaoxinglaiquedinggegeyinsudequanzhong。zaigoujiancengcifenxifazhunzecengpanduanjuzhendeguochengzhong,weilequebaoquanzhongfenpeidekexuexinghekeguanxing,jiemianzhikuyaoqinglelaizigaoxiao、shangyeyinxing、jijingongsi、zhengquangongsiyijiqihuogongsidengduolingyuyanjiujigoudezhuanjiacanyupingjia,womengongshoujile30fenlaizishangshubutonglingyuzhuanjiadedafenjieguo。
jiemianzhikujiyubiaozhunhuachulihoudeshuju,shengchenggeshengshizizhiquduiyingdeyijizhibiaohezonghezhibiaoshuzhi,bingduiqijinxingbaifenzhipingfen。
zhibiaotixideshujulaiyuanbaokuo,geleitongjinianjianyijiqitaqudao——baokuodanbuxianyuzhengfubumenfabudeguanfangshuju、xingyexiehuidetongjishuju、yanjiujigoudediaoyanshujudeng。zhideshuomingdeshi,zhibiaotixizhongshejidetongjishujujiyu2023niantongjinianjian(jifanyingdeshi2022nianshuju),weibaochiyizhi,jiemianzhikuzaigongxinbuhekejibudengguanfangwangzhansoujizhenglideshujuyezaishijianshangbaochileyizhi。
一、东部地区表现突出,北京、上海和浙江位列前三
beijingkejichuangxinnenglizongdefenzuigao,dadao87.36,tuxianqikejichuangxinnenglixianzhugaoyuqitashengfen;shanghaihezhejiangfenliedier、sanwei,defenfenbiewei77.58he76.11。zhengtilaikan,gedidekejichuangxinnenglikefenchengsangetidui:
- 创新能力较强的第一梯队,按得分由高到低依次为北京、上海、浙江、江苏、安徽、广东、湖北、天津、湖南等九省份,除了北京,其他省份得分都在70-78之间;
- 创新能力的第二梯队则包括了山东、重庆、江西、河南、福建、陕西、四川、辽宁、河北、宁夏、海南等11个省份,得分都在62-70之间;
- 其余11个省份则处于第三梯队,创新能力相对较弱,其中,黑龙江、广西、内蒙古、吉林、甘肃、新疆、云南、青海和西藏等得分在60以下。
keyikanchu,dongbudiqudekejichuangxinnenglixianzhuyouyuqitasandaquyu。dongbu10shengfenzhong,chufujian、hebei、hainanwai,douweilieqianshi,shenzhibaolanqiansiming;zhongbudiqubiaoxianzemingxianyouyudongbeihexibu,chushanxiweiju21wei,qitawushengfendouweilieqian13ming,youqishianhui、hubei、hunanjinruqianshi;dongbeidiquhexibudiqupaimingjiaoweikaohou,tebieshizuihouwumingjunweixibushengfen。
二、经济发展水平越高,科技创新能力越强?
geshengdefenyecongcemianyinzhenglekejichuangxinyujingjifazhanshuipingdexiangguanxing,zongtilaikan,geshengkejichuangxinnenglidefenyurenjungdpgaoduxiangguan,xiangguanxishuda0.82,jirenjungdpyuegao,chuangxinnengliyueqiang。buguo,ruguojutidaogebieshengshi,renjungdpdepaiminghekejichuangxinnenglidepaimingyechuxianlebufenbeili,jutilaikan:
- 17个省份创新能力排位高于人均GDP排位。这些省份按两项排位差值由高到低的顺序依次为安徽、河南、河北、黑龙江、湖南、贵州、广西、江西、四川、甘肃、浙江、湖北、广东、山东、辽宁、海南、吉林。其中,安徽、河南最为突出,人均GDP在各省份中排名第14位和第22位,但创新能力指数排名第5位和第12位,排位差值都是9个位次;河北的创新能力指数排位则较人均GDP高出8个位次。
- 12个省份创新能力排位低于人均GDP排位。这些省份按两项排位差值绝对数由高到低的顺序依次为内蒙古、福建、新疆、山西、西藏、青海、云南、陕西、天津、宁夏、重庆、江苏。其中,内蒙古科技创新能力排位较人均GDP低17个位次,福建的创新能力的排位较人均GDP低10个位次。
三、8省市科技创新能力位次出现上升 ,9省市出现下降
cong2023nianhe2022niangeshengshikejichuangxinnenglizongdefendepaiweibianhualaikan:
- 有8个省份排位上升,其中,安徽、河北、贵州、内蒙古、新疆都上升了两个位次,江苏、湖北、河南则都上升了一个位次。
- 有9个省份排位下降,其中广东、广西、天津、甘肃都下降了两个位次,福建、宁夏、海南、云南、青海都下降了1个位次。
- 其余14个省份的排名没有出现变化,包括北京、上海、浙江、重庆、四川、湖南、山东、陕西、山西、辽宁、江西、吉林、黑龙江、西藏。
四、各地创新长板和短板各有不同,上海企业活力得分最高
jiuchuangxinhuanjingeryan,beijingdefenyuanchaoqitashengfen,zhejiang、anhui、shanghai、hainan、hubei、guangdong、jiangsu、henan、tianjin、hunanyicijinsuiqihou,defenjunzai70yishang,gansu、jilin、qinghai、xizangdefenbuzu60,qiyushengfenjunzai60-70zhijian。
jiuyanfanenglieryan,beijingyugeshengchajujinyibulakai,jiaodierminggaochu20fen,shanghai、zhejiang、guangdongyicijinsuiqihou,defendouzai70-74zhijian,defenzai60-70zhijiandeshengfenyou11ge,gaizhibiaodefenbuzu60deshengfenzedafuzengjiazhi16ge。
jiuqiyehuolieryan,geshengdefenzongtibijiaogao,zai80fenyishangdejiuyou7geshengfen,qizhong,shanghaizuigao,hunan、jiangsu、zhejiang、anhui、hubei、guangdongjinsuiqihou。beijingdegaizhibiaodefenmingxianpiandi,jinwei75.77,zaigeshengzhongpaidi11ming。
jiuchuangxinjixiaoeryan,beijingyiranjushou,defenchaoguo80,lingyou6geshengfengaizhibiaodefenzai70-74zhijian,conggaodaodiyiciweishanghai、hubei、anhui、jiangsu、zhejiang、tianjin,qiyu24geshengfenjunbuzu70,qizhongdiyu60 deshengfenyougaodaodiyiciweiheilongjiang、xinjiang、guangxi、shanxi、yunnan。
ciwai,geshengzhijiandechuangxinnenglichajuyushangnianxiangbilveyousuoxiao。geshengzongzhishuzuidazhiyuzuixiaozhidechazhihuobeishudoujiaoshangnianyousuoxiajiang,chuqiyehuolichajujiaoshangnianzengdawai,qitasanxiangerjizhibiaodechajujunyousuoshoulian。
zaijiexialaidexiliebaogaozhong,jiemianzhikuhaijiangzhenduierjizhibiaoyijizhuyaoshengfenchuangxinnenglidebiaoxianjiyuanyinjinxingshenrufenxi,jingqingduzheguanzhu。
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