文|探客出行

zaizhongguoxinnengyuanqichezhinenghuadezheichang“roubozhan”zhong，jiguangleidashibukebimiandezhengyijiaodian。

zuoweichunshijuezhijialuxiandeyongdun，tesilachuangshirenmasikecengduocifanghua：jiguangleidaduiyuzidongjiashiqichelaishuohaowuyiyi。

danguanyujiguangleidadaodiyoumeiyouyong，duoshuzhongguogongyingshanghezhujichangzhanzailemasikededuilimian。jiezhimuqian，jiguangleidarengshidabufencheqitishengzhijiashuipingdezhongyaochouma。

deyiyuzhongguoxinnengyuanqichechanyeliandegoujian，guochanjiguangleidachangshangcongzhongshouyi，bingzaiquanqiujiguangleidashichangzhongkuaisuzhanlinggaodi。

zhongguojiguangleidaqiyezaiquanqiushichangzhongbanyanqile“nianyu”jiaose，yeyinqiquanqiushichangdejingti。

jinniannianchumeiguoguofangbugongbudeyifenqingdanzhong，zaimeishangshidezhongguojiguangleidachangshanghesaikejibeilieruqi“zhongguoshejunqiye”qingdan。

suiranbeilieruqingdandeqiyebuhuibeilijijinzhizaimeiguokaizhanyewu，dankenenghuiduiqiyeshengyu“zaochengdaji”，bingyiweizhemeizhengfuxiangmeiguoshitihegongsifachuyanzhongjinggao，yuqingdanshangdezhongqikaizhanyewujuyousuowei“fengxian”。

hesaikejidangjihuiying，gaijuedingcuowuqiequefarenheyiju，bingzairiqianzhengshiduimeiguoguofangbutiqisusong。

chaoshuituiqu，fangzhisheizailuoyong。yongyouhuayuquandehesaikeji，xuanzexiangbugongzhengdaiyushuobu，“yinggang”meiguoguofangbu。

yiweicongshijiguangleidachanyeduoniandeguancharenshixiang「tankechuxing」toulu，guoneiwaijiguangleidaqiyezaijishuluxianshangbujinxiangtong，danguoneilingxiandejijiachangshangshouzhongdouyouxiangdangdejishuyoushi，zheiyijingyinqileguowaichangshangdejingti。

chengran，zhongguosuopeiyudechengshudexinnengyuanqichechanyelian，yijingchengweiquanqiuguanzhudemubiao。jiguangleidachangshangmenyezaoyiguolemengyankuangbendeshidai，gengjianding，yegengjufangxianggan。

beixingguangzishichangzongjianliuyifanzaijieshou「tankechuxing」caifangshibiaoshi，xianzairengchuyuzhanchangdezaoqi，womenxuyaokaolvdeshi，bachanpinzuohao，tongguochanpinqutixiananquandejiazhi，yidedaoxiaofeizhederenke。

“zhiyoudedaoxiaofeizhederenke，cainengfanbuzhenggexingye，tixianjiguangleidadezhenzhengjiazhi。yaoxianbazhengxiangxunhuanzuoqilai。zheigexunhuanjiushitongguohaodechanpinxingchenghaodetiyan，zaitongguohaodetiyanxingchengbeirenkedejiazhicongerrangxiaofeizhechanshengyilai，yongzheigeluojibabenshenyongyoudejiazhilianyunzhuanqilai，zheicaishiguanjiansuozai。”liuyifanbiaoshi。

中国企业的压迫感

5yue13ri，yinbumanbeimeiguolierusuowei“zhongguoshejunqiye”qingdan，zhongguojiguangleidazhizaoshanghesaikejizhengshiqisumeiguoguofangbu。

gaishijiankeyizhuisuzhinianchu。1yue31ri，meiguoguofangbugenju《2021cainianguofangshouquanfa》di1260hzhangjiedefadingyaoqiu，gongbulegengxinbandezaimeiguozhijiehuojianjieyunyingde“zhongguojunshigongsi”，gengxinbanzhong，gongyou73jiazhongguoqiyebeilieru1260hqingdan。hesaikejijiuweilieqizhong。

jujiemianxinwenbaodao，suirangaiqingdanbingwujutizhicaicuoshi，danyoumeiguomeitijiedu，xiangguanfaanjiangjinzhimeiguofangbuweilaijinianyurenhebeizhidingdegongsiqiandinghetong，tongshihuiduizhongguogongsigouchengzhongdashengyufengxian，haikenengjimeiguocaizhengbushijiayaliyizhicaizheixieqiye。

rumeitiyuce，gaixiaoxiyijinggongbu，hesaikejigujiazai1yue31rixiadie7.31%，2yue1rixiadie31.05%。

hesaikejizai5yue13ridijiaojihuashengdunlianbangfayuandeqisushuzhongcheng，beimeiguoguofangbulierusuoweide“1260hqingdan”daozhigaigongsi“shengyushousun，gujiadafuxiadie，sunshishangji”，bingshiqizaimeiguojianchangdejihuagezhi，hesaikejiduncufayuancaidingmeiguoguofangbujiangqicongxiangguanqingdanzhongyichu，huozhexuanbugaiqingdanweixian。

youfenxirenshibiaoshi，jinrumeiguo“heimingdan”，yeshiduihesaishiliderenke。bijinghexinjishujingzhengli，caishimeiguoguowangfaqiduoqizhicaideyuanyin。

gaifenxirenshibiaoshi，rujindejiguangleidashichangchengxianfanbeizengzhangdetaishi，quanxingyechuhuoliangzengzhangdetongshi，jiagejiangdiyezaitongbujinxing。“meiguoqiyedelieshijiuzaiyujiangben。wufagenshangzhongguoqiyedejiangjiasudu，zheixieqiyedeshichangfenejiuzhudingbeizhongguoqiyeqiangzou。”

keyishuo，waiguoqiyeyijingqieshiganshoudaolezhongguojiguangleidaqiyedeyapogan。

jutianfengzhengquanshuju，2020nian，zaiquanqiuadas（gaojifuzhujiashi）jiguangleidashichangzhong，rengyouquanqiulingbujianjutoufaleiaozhudao；2021nian，zhongguojiguangleidachangshangkaishizhanlutoujiao，sutengjuchuang、hesaikejidengqiyekaishijinrudaobangdannei，danfaleiaorengranzhanju75%defene。

erdaole2022nian，zhongguoxinnengyuanqichechanyeliandebujuchengguokaishizhanxian。

yole intelligencefabude《quanqiuchezaijiguangleidashichangyujishubaogao》xianshi， 2022nian，suizhezhongguozhinengjiashixingyekuaisujueqi，adasgongnengliangchanguimojinyibukuoda，jiguangleidazaichengyongchejil4zidongjiashilingyushichangguimotongbizengzhang95%，da3.17yimeiyuan。shichangfenpaimingyechuxianlejiaodabianhua，hesaikejixunsudengding，zhanjuyue47%deshichangfene，zhihoufenbieweitudatong、faleiao、sutengjuchuang、lanwo、waymo、ouster。

zairiqianliangjiaguoneitoubujiguangleidachangshangdecaibaozhong，guochanjiguangleidachuhuoliangzengsuxunmeng。caibaoxianshi，hesaijinnianyijiduchuhuoliangwei5.9wanke，tongbizengzhang69.7%；jinnianzaigangguchenggongshangshideguochanjiguangleidachangshangsutengjuchuangyijiduchuhuolianggengshigaoda12wanke，tongbidazeng457%。

价格跳水

xiangbiyuquanqiushichangdejujiao，zhongguojiguangleidachangshanggengguanzhuyuzhongguoshichangdechengzhang。

tanjiduiyuzhongguojiguangleidachanyedejueqi，liuyifandediyiganshoubianshishentoulvdetupo。

“jiguangleidazaiqicheshichangdeshentousuduyijingchaochulewodexiangxiang。”liuyifantanyan，2022nian，zhenggexingyejiguangleidadeshentoulvzai1%zuoyou。zaitadegainianzhong，2023nianjiguangleidadeshentoulvhuobaochizai1%zuoyou，danshijishangshichangdeshijishentoulvyijingdadaole3%。

shentoulvdetisheng，zujianshichangduiyujiguangleidadejieshoudu。

ju《gaogongzhinengqicheyanjiuyuan》yuce，2024nianjiguangleidadeshangchelianghuojiangtupo97.59wanliang，2025nianjiangtupo175wanliang。bingqieqiyujizai2024nian，jiguangleidazai15wanyuanyishangxinnengyuanchexingdedazailvjiangdadao16.04%。

lingyijiajiguangleidachuchuanggongsitanweikejicooshenluofengyexiang「tankechuxing」biaodaletongyangdeguandian。shenluofengbiaoshi，zaizhinenghuadequshixia，jiguangleidachanyeyezaijingliyigekuaisufazhandejieduan。“jinjinian，cheqiwulunshizaituichuxinchehaishigaikuanchexing，doubuyueertongdixuanzequqianghuazhinengjiashishuxing，erjiguangleidazuoweiyigeguanjianchuanganqi，qizuoyongbuyaneryu。”

zaishenluofengkanlai，wulunshicheqihaishizhongduanxiaofeizhecengmian，jiguangleidadouyuelaiyueshoudaodajiaderenke。

liuyifantongyangrenwei，jinniandechezaijiguangleidashichangzhanxianlejudadeshichangkongjian。“jinnianshichangzhengtijiagedexiajiang，rangjiguangleidadejishuhonglikeyijinyibukuosan，yehuirangyuelaiyueduoderenxuanzeshiyongjiguangleida。”

sutengjuchuangzaicaibaozhongtidao，qijiguangleidadejiagejinyibuxiatan，yijiduadasyingyongjiguangleidapingjundanjiajiangzhiyue2600yuan。guoqujinian，zheiyiyingjiandejiagejingliletiaoshuishixiahua：2021nianzhi2023nian，cong1wanyuanxiajiangzhi4300yuan，zaijiangzhiyue3200yuan。

jiagedexiatan，yerangsutengjuchuangjinrudaogengduozhujichangkejieshoudejiagequjian。jubaodao，jiezhi2024nian2yuedi，sutengjuchuanghuodelequanqiu22jiacheqijitier 1de63kuanchexingdingdiandingdan。jiezhi2024nian3yuedi，mpingtaijiguangleidaleijixiaoliangchaoguo40wantai。

hesaikejiyecengbiaoshi，gongsiqixiazhulichanpinat128xiliedoushitongguohezuotanpandingxiadejiage，yujijinnianshoujiajiangxiadie10%-20%。

未来的指数级增长

jinguanmasikecengduocifabiao“jiguangleidawuyongshuo”，danshiwuyongzhiyideshi，jiguangleidaluxianrengzaizhinenghualuxiandefazhanzhongzhanjuyixizhidi。

zhengrushenluofengsuoshuo，jiguangleidazhiyuqiche，jiuhaoxiangduonianqiandeshexiangtouzhiyushouji。“zaoqicongfeizhinengjixiangzhinengshoujiqiehuanshi，renmenyezaipanduanshexiangtoudexingnengshifoushiguoshengde，suoyiyikaishiyeshicunzaizhiyide。”

zheizhongbiyu，yinzhengzheyeneirenshiduiyujiguangleidaweilaichanyefazhanyuqidekanhao。

duiyurujindejiguangleidachanyelaishuo，yeneiyigepubiandegongshijiushi，zhuanzhuyuchanpindedazao。zhiyouzhenzhengqushipeigengduoyouyiyidechangjing，jiejuezhujichangdetongdian，rangcduanyonghushiyonganxin、chanshengzugouqiangdeyilai，cainengdachengzhengxiangxunhuan，cujinzhenggechanyedefazhan。

juliuyifantoulu，guoneijiguangleidachangshangnenggouzaizhenggexingyeneiqudejiaogaoshuipingdefazhan，chulezhenggegongyingliandesuzao，yijizhongguozuoweijizhongshichangdeyoushiwai，gengzhongyaodeshizhongguojiguangleidachanyebenshendekeyanjiyin。

zheizhongkeyanjiyin，rangjihusuoyouchangshangdoujiangkeyantouruhechanpindamozuoweianshenlimingdegenben。

jinnianyijidu，hesaikejideyanfatouruwei1.94yiyuan，tongqisutengjuchuangdeyanfatouruyeda1.5yiyuanzuoyou。

liuyifanyebiaoshi，beixingguangziguoqujinianduiyuyanfadetouruyeshiyimeinianliangweishudezengzhangbilidizeng，yanfatouruchaoyiyuan。

zai「tankechuxing」kanlai，guoneijiguangleidachangshangduiyujishudezhuiqiu，yerangjiguangleidachanyedefazhanhuiguidaolejiazhibenshen。zheizhongjiazhidehuigui，rangzhenggechanyedefazhanshibiyaojinglizhangshijiandejishujilei。

danzaixianjieduan，shichangduiyugaojiezhinengjiashidejienachengdushifenyouxian。zheijiuyiweizhe，jiguangleidadezhuangjiliangyehuishoudaoyingxiang。

congmuqianliangjiashangshigongsidecaibaoshujulaikan，zengshoubuzenglirengshihesaikejiyusutengjuchuangmianlindegongtongnanti。caibaoxianshi，hesai2023niandejingkuisunwei4.76yiyuan，kuisunjiaoqunianchixukuoda；ersutengjuchuang2023niankuisunwei4.34yiyuan，jiaoquniantongbikuoda。

jinguanyingliqianjingbushenminglang，danshixingyefengkoudequshiquezaiyinzhengzhezheiyishichangdejihui。

anzhaosutengjuchuangtouludexiaoxi，jinnianqichezaijiguangleidadechuhuolianghuojiangdadao100wantaiguimo，biqunianzhijiefanle4bei；erhesaikejiyegongbuqichuhuoliangmubiaowei60wan-70wantai。

eranzhaosutengjuchuanghehesaikejidexinpinfabulaikan，gengxiaogengbianyidejiguangleidayijingzhirikedai。

“shentoucaiganggangkaishi。”liuyifanpanduan，jiguangleidashichangrengchuyuzhanchangdezaoqi，congmuqian3beishentoulvdezengzhangsudueryan，weilaidetiliangjianghuishizhishujidezengzhang。