界面新闻记者 | 林子人

界面新闻编辑 | 黄月

jinjinzailianggeyueqian，quanqiuwenxueaihaozhehaizaiaidaonuojiangdezhuailisi·menluodequshi，zheiweixiangnian92suidejianadazuojiayinweidangdaiduanpianxiaoshuozuochudetuchugongxianerguangshouzanyu。nuobeierwenxuejiangbanjiangcicheng“nichizaohuizai（menluode）qizhongyigegushiliyuzijimianduimianxiangyu”，errujin，menluodeyangmuzhebudebuxiaohuatadefumianyichan。

当地时间7月7日，门罗的小女儿安德丽娜·斯金纳（Andrea Skinner）在《多伦多星报》（Toronto Star）发表文章，披露自己从9岁起遭遇继父盖瑞·弗兰姆林（Gerry Fremlin）的性侵犯。sijinnazai25suishitongguoyifengxinxiangmuqintanbailezhenxiang，danmenluoguyihushixiaonverdezaoyu，xuanzejixuyuzijidedierrenzhangfugairuishenghuozaiyiqi，zhidaota2013nianqushi。

该事件的曝光如重磅炸弹般在文学界内部和读者群体中掀起轩然大波。它不仅迫使我们重新审视这位知名作家与其作品的内在联系——她的小说以探讨女性生活、复杂的家庭关系、性、创伤和秘密著称——也击碎了很多人对于门罗的既有认知。门罗的朋友、加拿大作家玛格丽特·阿特伍德（Margaret Atwood）zaijieshoumeiticaifangshibiaoshi，sijinnapiludexiaoxilingta“cuoshoubuji”，“niyishidao，zijishijishangbingbulejieneixienizirenweishuxideren。”

menluodeteshushenfenrangwomenlijiehetaolunzheiyishijianbiandekongqianfuza：tashiyigejujuezhanchulaiyuzhangfugexiyibaohunverdemuqin，tayeshiyiweizhangqibeirenweiduinvxingshenghuochujingyouminruiguanchade、xiangyuquanqiudezuojia，erjinwomenheranfaxian，tahuoxubujinshinvxingjingyudejiluzheheguanchazhe，yeshiyiweiqinlizhe。shejiaowangluoshang，“wenxuezhishiyizhongqiaoyanlingse”biaoyushishuaping，taofamenluodeyanlunbibijieshi。yizhongpubiandekunhuozaiyu，yigexiangyoujiaogaoshehuidiweihejingjishilidezhimingzuojia，weishenmeyebunengduixingqinzijinverdezhangfushuo“bu”，fanerxuanzezhongshengbaochijianmo？

01 母亲对儿童性虐待事件袖手旁观并非罕见

2011年，《暴力心理学》（Psychology of Violence）qikanzhongdeyipianlunwenrucidingyixingbaolizhongdepangguanzhe（bystander）：

“tamenshineixiezaizheiyiqingjingzhongjifeishouhaizhe、yefeishihaizhedegeti。tamenjiyoukenengfangrenshijianfasheng，yeyoukenengjieruhuanjiegaofengxianqingkuang、gaishanshouhaizhedezhuangkuang，huotongguozongrongshihaizhedexingwei、xiaojihuiyingshouhaizheershiqingkuangbiandegengzao。”

ertongxingnvedai——tebieshineixiefashengzaijiatingneibudeertongxingnvedai——shizuiweiyinbideyizhongnvetongxingshi。zheizhuyaoshiyinweicileishijiantongchangmeiyouzhijiemujizhengren。eryanjiuzhefaxian，tongchanghuiyoushouhaizhedepengyouhuoqinrenyishidaohuozhidao“youshenmebuduideshiqingzhengzaifasheng”，huozheshouhaizhecengxiangtamentouluguoqingkuang。2001niandeyipianlunwenfenxilezuzhijiatingchengyuanjieruertongxingnvedaishijiandeyinsu。zuozherenwei，jiatingpangguanzheheshouhaizhewangwangcongshihaizheneilishoudaoyiyangdezibianshuoci，bingqietamenzairenzhicengmiankenenghuiheshouhaizheyiyangshoudaoyingxiang。

xiangguanyanjiufaxian，nvxing（tebieshimuqin）zaiertongxingnvedaishijianzhongxiushoupangguan、jianjiejiajuertongshanghaideqingkuangbingfeihanjian。zhangqizhiliyuweicunzaimunvguanxiwentidenvxingtigongzixunfuwu。zaitachaoguo30niandezhiyeshengyali，xuduonvxingcengduitashuo，zijihaoburongyiguqiyongqigaosumuqinzijideshounvejingli，danmuqinyaomeshibuxiangxin，yaomeshijujuetingshenerchu。youyiweikehudejinglilingtayinxiangshenke：tacengzaodaojifuxingqin，tayizhiyumuqinguanxiqinmi，chengnianhourengyumuqinzhuzaiyiqi，danmuqincongweizhanchulaibaohuta。muqincenggaosuta，“nizhidao，woyoulianggehaiziyaoyang，wohenbaoqiannidejifuzheiyangduini，danwozhendewunengweili。zheirangwoxinrudaoge，nizaibipowozuoxuanze。”

yixiangfabiaoyu2021niandeyanjiutongguodiaocha2531mingdeguoren（53.3%weinvxing，nianlingkuaduwei14-94sui）faxian，yueyibanertongxingnvedaishijianzhongcunzaipangguanzhe（jicunzaizhidaonvedaiqingkuangfashengquemeiyoucaiquxingdonghuoshierbujianderen），shengmuzhanbiyue1/5，bingzaichaoguo1/3youpangguanzhedeshijianzhongbeitiji。gaiyanjiuzhichu，zheiyifaxianyinzhengle2016niandelingwaiyixiangyanjiu，jiertongxingnvedaishijianzhongdeshouhaizhezuiyoukenengxiangtamendemuqinhuotonglingrentouluzijidezaoyu。yanjiuzherenwei，yinweishihaizheshijiatingchengyuan，jiatingneibudepangguanzhewangwangbiwaibupangguanzhegengnanjieru。“youyuzhongchengchongtu，shouhaizhedemuqinkenenghuijinyibudanhuatamenduinvedaidejiashehuorenzhi。”shangshuyanjiuzhetongshichengren，guanyumuqinweihexuanzexiushoupangguan，xuejierengranxuyaojinyibuyanjiu。

02 儿童性虐待事件中的母亲可能是更难被看到的受害者

xuezheseán stittzai2007nianfabiaodeyipianlunwenzhongzhichu，shijishang，beixingnveertongdefeishinvemuqin（non-offending mothers）yeshiyinmishouhaizhe，tatongguoshulilishishangertongxingnvedaidehuayubianhuadechulezheiyijielun。

yigegewaituchudexianxiangshi，renmenwangwangjiaoshaozhiyihefansi（nanxing）shihaizhedexingweijiqieliehouguo，zhuanershenshishouhaizhehe（nvxing）pangguanzhededongji。shihaizheyushichengweilemouzhongxushiheidong，niuqulewomenduiertongxingnvedaishijianzhongqitaxiangguanfangdekanfa。

ertongxingnvedaiguyiyouzhi，danjiangzhishiweiyizhongshehuiwentishiyigejiaoweiwanjindexianxiang。1862nian，faguofayixuezhuanjiaampouse tardiebaogaole420qizhendui15suiyixiaertongdexingqinfanshijian，tayeshidiyiweigongkaibiaoshiertongxingnvedaishishehuiwentidezhuanyerenshi。stittfaxian，zhidaoxigemengde·fuluoyidedeshidai，renmendoushizhongqingxiangyuhuaiyiertongxingnvedaishijianzhongshouhaizhedeshuoci，erpubianyi“nvhaiyinyoufuqin”laijieshiluanlunxingwei——huoxukeyishuo，fuluoyidedexinlixuelilunduizheiyiguanniandechuanboqidaoletuibozhulandezuoyong。

tashoucitichule“edipusiqingjie”lilun，renweinvhaizaiyigechengzhangjieduanzhongcunzai“yinjingjidu”，fuqinhuiqudaimuqinchengweitadeailianduixiang。fuluoyideyincituice，nvhaihuihuanxiangluanlun，zheilingtamendexingnvedaizishubuneimekexin。fuluoyidedelilunduiyurenmenruhelijieertongxingnvedaishijianchanshenglejudayingxiang，zheijiajuleertongxingnvedaishijianxingcunzhedeyanshuokunjing：

“ertonghuoqijiarenshitujielushinvezhederenhejudong，yebaoluletazijisuoweidetianshengxingdongji，bingshitazaoyubishihaizhezaoyugengduoxiuru；yinmanyushichengweiweiyidefangfa。ertongxingnvedaidekunjingtigongleyigewanwuyishideqingganlesuoshouduan——ruguoshouhaizhezhikongshinvezhe，tayeshizaizhikongziji。”

1950-1960niandai，renmenzaitaolunertongxingnvedaiwentishi，bushizhizefunvluanlunshijianzhongdemuqin，jiushizhizehaizi。zhizhishijizhijiao，suiranertongxingnvedaiwentideyanzhongxingyuelaiyueduobeiqiangdiao、ertongxuyaobeibaohudeguannianyujiazengqiang，danrenmenduiertongxingnvedaishijianzhongdemuqinyiranpubianchipipingtaidu。renmenpubianrenwei，zuowei“ertongbaohudezhuyaochengnianxingweiren”，weinengmianyuhaizizaoyuxingnvedaijiushimuqindeshizhi。stittfaxian，ertongxingnvedaiwentidexiangguanwenxianwangwangqiangdiaomuqinkenengyushihaizhecunzaigongmou、weinengzaixingnvedaishijianfashengzhiqianjishifaxianhezuzhishijianfasheng。

zheiyihuayubuchengbilidijiangbaohuertongdezerenzhiyumuqin——erfeishihaizhe——dejianshang（tebieshizaishihaizheshitadezhangfuhuobanlvdeqingkuangxia），erhushilezheiyishishi：ertongxingnvedaishijianzhongdefeishinvemuqinyeshoudaoleshanghai，yexuyaodedaobangzhu。stittzhuyidao，zaidaliangguanyuertongxingnvedaidewenxianzhong，haizijieludeshishiduimuqindeyingxiang，yijitayuzhangfuhuobanlvfenlihezaoyubeipandeganshouzaihendachengdushangbeihushile。muqinqishiyehuijingliyubeixingnvedaidehaizixiangsideganshou，baokuozhenjing、nanyizhixin、fennu、wuli、neijiuhebeibeipan。

stittyuanyinyixiang1987niandeyanjiuzhichu，zhiyouhenshaodemuqinzhixiaojiatingneibudeertongxingnvedaixingwei，nanxingxingqinhaizishiyinweiqizixinglengdandeshuofayeshibushide：

“muqinbeirenweihuozhijie、huojianjiedicanyuleertongxingnvedaidegongmou——zheizhongsikaofangshichixucunzai，benshenjiubiaomingleshounveertongdemuqinquefazhichi。wulunshizaiwenxianzhonghaishizaishehuizhong，womenbixubazhizedemubiaoduizhunertongxingnvedaishijianzhongdeshibaozhe，buzaijiangzhizezhuanyidaomuqinhuoertongshouhaizheshenshang。”

stitthaifaxian，renweishounveertongzhiyaojishishuochuzhenxiangshentihuoxinlizhuangtaijiunenghaozhuandexiangfa，zaihenduoqingkuangxiayeshibushide，tahulveleshounveertongjianggengnanpeiyangchuxinrengan、qinmiguanxi、zhutixinghexingbierenzhi，tamenyegengyoukenengzaichengnianhouyiranmianlinjingshenjiankangwenti，tongshiyehulvelexingnvedaishijiandepiluduimunvguanxidefumianyingxiang。stittyuanyinyixiang2001niandeyanjiuzhichu，“pilu（xingnvedaishijian）dailaideyigechangjianfanyingshi，muqinhuishuyuannver，zheikenengshiyinweiaohui、neijiu、zize、yiyushenzhishifennu。”

zailejieleertongxingnvedaidehuayuliubianhexiangguanyanjiuhouwomenbunanfaxian，muqinduihaizizaoyujianeixingnvedaixiushoupangguanbingbushiyigeoufaxianxiang，yenanyiyonggerendaodeshuipinglaijieshi。mouzhongchengdushanglaishuo，menluoshijianjieshileertonghenvxingzaiyixinglianjiatingzhongsuochudejiegouxingkunjing，zaizheizhongkunjingzhong，neigeshizhimuqindejingyuwangwangmianlingengduodehushihewujie。

womenyongyuandouwufazhixiaomenluozaijingnianleiyuedechenmozhongdezhenshixiangfa，danwomenzhishaonenggoulejie，lingmenluoyijixuduoqitamuqinnanyiduihaizidexingqinzaoyuzuochufanyingdewaibuyalishishenme。womenbuyinghulve，zheiqiaqiayeshisijinnajuedingzaimuqinqushihoupilushishidezuizhongyaoyuanyin，tashuo：“wofeichangxiwangwodegerengushijujiaoyujinshengdemoshi，jujiaoyujiatingheshehuizhongduicibaochichenmodeqingxiang。”

参考资料：

Gerke, Jelena & Lipke, Kathrin & Fegert, Joerg & Rassenhofer, Miriam. (2021). Mothers as Perpetrators and Bystanders of Child Sexual Abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect. 117. 

Banyard, V. L. (2011). Who Will Help Prevent Sexual Violence: Creating an Ecological Model of Bystander Intervention. Psychology of Violence, 1(3), 216–229.

Stitt, Seán. (2007). Non-offending Mothers of Sexually Abused Children: the Hidden Victims.The ITB Journal , 8(1), Article 3.