文｜硅谷101

zuijinquanqiugediyuelaiyuepinfanchuxianyigefanchangshidexianxiang：yongdianbujinbuhuaqian，fanerhainengzhuanqian。

zaijinnian4yue，deguodianlishichangchuxianle50gexiaoshidefudianjia，wuduyouou，meiguojiazhoudedianjiayezaibufenshiduandiezhifushu。dao6yuefen，faguojixuchuxianfudianjiadeqingkuang，xianhuoshichangriqiandianjiadiedaosinianlaidezuididian：-5.76ouyuan/zhaowashi。

youxiediquyinweidiannengguoduodaozhijiageweifu，danhaiyouxiediququezhengmianlinzhediannengduanque，womenzhiqiandeyiqiwenzhangjiuliaoguo，suizherengongzhinengdefazhan，yixiediquchuxianle“yongdianhuang”deqingkuang。

zheipianwenzhangwomenjiulailiaoliao，fudianjiabeihoudeshangyexuanji，yijixinnengyuanshichangdeweilai。 

01 负电价与清洁能源

chapter 1.1 taiyangnengchanpinbiaosheng

shouxian，womenlaishuoshuoweishenmehuichuxianfudianjia。

fudianjiaqishibingbushishenmexinxianshi，wosuozaidemeiguojiazhouzaozai2017nianjiuchuxianlefudianjia，quniandeouzhoushichangyeyoubushaoguojiadianjiajieliandiedaofushu，baokuodeguo、helan、fenlan，qizhongdeguo、helanshenzhiyiduchuxianle-500ouyuan/zhaowashidejiage。

genjuoumengnengyuanjianguanhezuojigou（acer）fabudebaogao《oumengdianlipifashichangdezhuyaofazhan-2024nianshichangjiancebaogao》，zai2023nian，ouzhoudiqufudianjiacishujijuzengzhang，zonggong50gedianjiajingbiaodiquzhong，you27gediqudefudianjiacishu，dapo7nianjiandezuigaojilu。

fudianjiachuxiandezuizhijiedeyuanyinjiushi：gongjidayuxuqiu。yinweimouyigeshijianduantaiduodegongji，yongbudiaoyoucunbuxialai，zhinengxiwangxuqiucekuaidianyongdiaozheixieduoyudegongjiliang。

zaochengzheizhongqingkuangdemuhouheishou，zhengshiqingjienengyuanfadianliangguoshengle。zaijutiyidianlaishuojiushi，taiyangnengfadianbandeshuliangjijuzengjia。

yinweifengnengdehuibaozhouqijiaozhang，erjiansheshuilifadiandedabayexuyaohenjiu，zaijiashangshuilifadiansheshixuyaozaitedingdixingxiajianshe，suoyizuikuaizuijianjiedefangshijiushiguangfushebeile。

yiwomensuozaidejiazhouguiguweili，cong2014niandao2023nianzheishinianjian，gonggongshiyedetaiyangnengfadianliangyiduzengzhanglejin400%，quannianzuigaofadianliangdadao39320 gw/h。

jiazhousijiyangguangchongzu，qiezhengceyouhao，queshishihenshiheguangfufadiandediqu，genjuzuixindetongji，muqianjiazhoudeguangfufadianliangyijingdadaole47gw，zuyiwei1390wanhujiatinggongdian。

欧洲国家的情况也差不多，德国联邦网络管理局（BNetzA）统计数据显示，2023年，德国可再生能源新增装机容量17GW，总装jirongliangjiejin170gw，tongbizengzhang12%，kezaishengnengyuandezengzhangzhuyaolaiziguangfu，zhanzongzengzhangde83%。

zhisuoyiguangfufadianfazhanrucixunsu，xingyederengaosuwomen，yousangeyuanyin：

diyi，zuijin20nianjishutupolebushao，taiyangnengbandezhuanhualvcong10%zuoyoufanbeitishengdaole22%dao24%。

dier，suizhetaiyangnengbanchanliangdezengjia，shengchanchengbenyejiangdilebushao。

disan，dianjiayizhichengshangzhangqushi。

zheijigeyuanyindiejiahou，jiurangguangfufadiandechengben，yuchuantonghuashiranliaojibenqipingle，dadaolegrid parity(dianwangpingjia），jinergengduoyonghukaishiyongbaotaiyangneng。

zhengshiyinweiqingjienengyuanzengzhangguoyuxunsu，daozhidianlishichangzaibufenshiduangongguoyuqiu。

laiziweiruannengyuanzhanlvebudezishenxiangmujinglixuyixing（ethan xu），yebuchonglelingwailiangdianfudianjiadeyuanyin。

Chapter 1.2 鸭子曲线

xuyixing（ethan xu）

weiruannengyuanzhanlvebu zishenxiangmujingli

dianlixitongzhong，jishudiaojiedenengliyouxiandeqingkuangxia，yeshihuichuxianfudianjiade，suoyizaigongxubupingdengqingkuangxia，youyudiaojiedenengliyouxian，nanyikuaisudigaibiangongxuguanxi，yincichanshengfudedianjia。

haiyouyigeyuanyinjiushidianwangdezusai，jiubirushuohenduojubudiqu，taqishiyouhenduobianyidedian，mouxiedifangruguochuxianledianwangdezusai，zheixiebianyidediantachubuqu，qita（diqu）dedianjiarengranhengao，danshizaijubudiquhuichuxianfudedianjia。

zai2022nian，jiazhouzonggonglangfeile240wanzhaowashidedianliang，qizhong95%shitaiyangneng。daolezhengwuyangguangchongzushi，guangfufadianliangjiuhuidafutisheng，zheigeshihourenmendeyongdianxuqiujihuquankaotaiyangnengfadianjiunengmanzu，gonggongdianwangzhongdefuhebeipojiangdaodidian，ertaiyangluoshanhou，gonggongdianwangdexuqiuzaicijizeng。

zaizheizhongzhuangtaixia，dianwangdejingfuhe，jidianlixuqiujianqukezaishengnengyuan，jiangcheng“u”xing，zheiyebeichengwei“yaziquxian”（duck curve），yinweicishidequxiankanshangqujiuxiangyazideduzi。

danruguozaiguangfufadiandegaofengshiduan，chaochudediannengbunengbeishunlixiaona，jianghuiduidianwangzaochengsunshang，shenzhidailaianquanyinhuan。

dianlixitongtashiyigefeichangyouyisidexitong，jiushitashishikekedouxuyaobaozheng，yongdianlianghefadianliangyigepinghengdeguanxi，cainengrangzheigewulixitongzhengchangdiyunxing。

ruguoguangfudefadianliangduotaiduodehua，kenenghuizaochengdianwangwendingxingdewenti，fengdianheguangfu，tadouyoujianxiexinghebukeyucexing，haiyoutahuidailaidianyadebodong，yingxiangdiannengdezhiliang。

suoyidianchangweilecujinxiaohao，caichuxianlefudianjiadeqingkuang。kenengnijiezhexiangwen：jirandianliguoshengzheimeduo，weishenmebuzhijiezantingfadianni？dianligongsiyebushimeinagexiaosuanpansuanguozheibizhang。

ruguotingdiaofadianji，neisunshijianghuigengda。chuantongdehuoli、henengfadianchang，fadianjideqitingchengbenfeichangda，zhongqifadianjishenzhibiyizhikaizhesuoxiaohaodechengbengenggao，pinfanguantinghuiyingxiangshebeishouminghexingneng，haikenengcuoguohouxudegaodianjiashiduan。

meidiandeqidonghetingzhiwangwangshixuyaojigexiaoshi，tongshihaibansuizhebijiaodadechengben，xuyaoxiaohaoewaideranmeilaidianhuoheshengwen，yidadaozhengchangyunxingsuoxudewenduheyali。

erhedianjihuxuyaoyizhibaochiwendingdefadian，suoyijiuhennanjinxingdiaojie，suoyiweilebimiandiaojiefadianliangdailaidejudadejingjisunshi，meidianhehediantakenenghuixuanzejixufadian，napashifudianjia，taningyuanchengdanxiaoyidiandefudianjiadailaidesunshi，tayebuyuanyiqudiaojiezijidefadiandailaigengdadesunshi，suoyizheishuyulianghaixiangquanquqiqing。

suoyidianligongsidawansuanpanhou，ningyuanhuaqiancijiyongdian，yebunengrangfadianshebeibaibaisunhao。

ruguoshizaixiaohaobudiao，weilebaohudianwang，zuihoudejueding，jiangshisheqizheixieqingjienengyuan。

chuledianliyiwai，meiguodekesasizhou、jialifuniyazhouheyalisangneizhouzaijinnian5yueyechuxianletianranqijiagebianchengfushudeqingkuang。

yuanyinshizheixiediquyongyushusongtianranqideguandaojinruleweihuqi，guoduodetianranqishusongbuzou，erpoyuhuanbaoyali，yebunengbeibaibairanshaodiao，yincidailaijudadechucunchengben。youyumeiguotianranqifadianliangzhanbizuigao，dadaolejin40%，yezaidangshijinyibudaozhiledianjiaxiadie。

danwomenzaizuoyanjiudeshihoufaxian，maodundeyidianshi：anlishuo，fudianjiadechuxianyinggairangjuminhuozhegongsiyongdiangengbianyileduiba，yinweiwoyongdiannijiwoqianma，danshishishi，bufendiqudejuminyongdianchengbenfanerzaitigao，dajiabingmeiyouzhandaofudianjiadebianyi，zheiyoushizenmehuishini？

02 新能源的另一面：公用事业死亡螺旋

zheigewentishaoweiyoudianfuza，zaihuidazhiqian，womenxianjiandanjieshaoxiadianlishichangdeyunzuomoshi。

fadianzhanhuishengchandianli，ranhouchuanshudaodianligongsi，yekeyichengzhiweigonggongdianwang，cishifadianfangjiuhuihuodelaizidianligongsidebaochou，zheigejiagechengwei“shangwangdianjia”（net price），gonggongdianwangzaijiangzheixiedianmaijiqiyehuogeren。

dianlijiaoyiyecunzaipifashichanghelingshoushichang。pifashichangzhijinxingdazongdianlijiaoyi，tongchangyizhaowashi（mwh）weidanwei，suoweide“xianhuoshichang”，yeshuyupifashichangzhong。

erlingshoushichang，zeyoudianligongsilaimianxiangzhongduanyonghu，biruputongjumin、xiaoxingqiye、shangyejigoudeng，yongdianliangxiangduigengshao。

dangran，quanqiugediqudianwangdeyunzuomoshidoubutong，biruyouxiediqufadianzhanhedianwangdoushuyutongyiqiye，huozhedaxingqiyezhijiexiangfadianzhanjinxinggoudian，qizhongdehuanjiejiuhuiyousuobianhua。

dianlishigefeichangfuzadexitong，wufayigaierlun，womenjulidemoshizhishibianyudajialijiehoumiandeneirong。

xuyixing（ethan xu）jiugaosuwomen，zaimuqiandianlishichangdeyunzuomoshixia，putongyonghujiaodedianfeibingbushizhijiegenfudianjiayouxiangguanxing。youdediqukenengshouyi，youdedifangkenengnihaiyaodaotieqian。

fudianjiadehua，jibenshangshizhicunzaiyudianlipifashichangshangde。putongdeyongdianyonghu，tazhuyaoshizailingshoushichangshang，gendangdidedianligongsiqumaidian，suoyiputongyonghuqishihenshaoshoudaofudianjiadeyingxiang，erdianligongsi，takenenghuigenjuzhengniandegoudiandepingjundechengben，xiangjuminshouqudianfei，taxiangdangyu，bangputongdeyonghu，pinghualedianjiadebodong，suoyiputongyonghushijishangshijiechubudaofudianjiade。

zaizheizhongmoshixia，suiranjuminmeijiechudaofudianjia，yenengxiangshoudaogengdideyongdianchengben。danyouxiediqudemoshifanerhuijijumindailaiewaifudan。birubufenouzhoudiqu。

zaiouzhouneibian，queshishiyoushangwangdianjiazheiyangdedongxi，shizhengfuzhidingleyonglaibaozheng，qingjienengyuandefadianzhe，nenggouyouyigedoudidedianjia，suoyidangdianlishichangzhongtadepifadianjiadiyushangwangdianjiadeshihou，zhengfuhuijinxingbutie，yejiushishuodangchuxianfudianjiadeshihou，zhengfuyehuijinxingbutie，shenzhibutiedebizhengdianjiahaiyaogengduo，erzheixiequeshishihuizhuanjiadaoxiaofeizheshenshangde。

yinweiyaoguliqingjienengyuanfazhan，yaoduitajinxingbutiedehua，neizhengfujiuxuyao，zhaodaozheigeqianqubutieqingjienengyuandefadianzhe，erzheigechajia，zhengfujiubazheigechengbenjiuzhuanjiadaolexiaofeizhedetoushang。

deguojiuyoubaogaozhichu，dangdianwangmaijiqiyedepifajiage，diyufujifadianzhandeshangwangdianjiashi，qizhongdechaejiuhuizaijiazailingshoushichangdeshoujiazhong，laimibudianwangdeyunyingchengben，jihusuoyoulingshoushichangxiaofeizhe，douxuyaozaizhifudianfeishijiaonazheixiangshuikuan。

pifashichangdianjiagenggao，lingshoushichangdefujiafeijiuhuiyuedi，fanzhi，dangpifajiajiangdaolingyixia，chengweifujiagedeshihou，lingshoushichangyonghuchengdandeshuikuanjiuhuizengjia。

erdaolejiazhoudiquyoubuyiyangle，youyuzhengcezhichi，jiazhoujuminkaishidaliangshiyongxiaoxingguangfufadianshebei，yejiushiwudingdetaiyangnengban，danzhei，fanerkenengranggonggongdianwangdeyongdianchengbenbiandegenggao。

yinweidanggengduojiatingshiyongwudingtaiyangneng，tamenconggonggongdianwangzhonggoumaidianlijiangjianshao，dianwangfadianyuweihushiyougudingchengbende，ruguodianwangyonghujianshao，neimeigerenfentandegudingchengbenjiangbiandegenggao，ranhoudaozhigengduodeyonghulikaigonggongdianwangzhuaneryongbaoguangfufadian，bingjinyibutigaogonggongdianwangdejiage，zheizhongqingkuangbeichengwei“utility death spiral”，gongyongshiyesiwangluoxuan。

suiranxinnengyuanfadianliang，tebieshitaiyangnengzaijinnianlaichuxianbiaosheng，yedailaileyishangwomenshuodezhongzhongwenti，tongshiyehuiyinfahuanbaorenshiduitaiyangnengfadianbandewuranhenenghaodanyou，dansuizhetanzhonghechengweiquanqiugeguohegedagongsidemubiao，qingjienengyuandezengzhangjiaobuyiranbuhuitingzhi。

guojinengyuanshuyuce，dao2025nianshi，kezaishengnengyuanjiangchaoyuemeitanfadian，chengweiquanqiudianlidezhuyaolaiyuan。

meiguoyinxingmeiguonengyuanbaogaoyexianshi，yujidao2030nian，fengnenghetaiyangnengfenbiejiangzengjia100gwhe240gwdefadianrongliang。

tongshiyoufenxiyuji，youyumeiguozhengfujihuadao2050nianshixiannet-zero“jinglingpaifang”，jianghuidaidongbeimeidetaiyangnengchanyeshichangguimocong250yimeiyuanzengzhangdao1207yimeiyuan。

neimejiexialaiwomenzailaihuidayigewenti：zhengruwomenzhiqian《aidianlizhengduozhan》neiqilitidaodedanyou，suizheaikejidebaofa，meiguojiangyinglaixinyilundianlixuqiudezengzhang，neimedalifazhanqingjienengyuan，shifounengchengweijiejuefanganni？

03 电能失衡与未来电力缺口

zaihuidazheigewentizhiqian，womendexianlejie，weihemeiguoyibianchuxianqingjienengyuanguosheng，lingyibianquepinfanbaochudianlibuzudexinwen。

youxiedifanghuiyouhenduodeqingjienengyuan，danshitaxuyaozugouduodedianlichuanshuxian，baqingjienengyuanconggongdianhetaiyangnengziyuanbijiaofengfudedifang，chuanshudaoyongdianzhongxin。

danshimeiguodedianlixitongyouzheimeyigewenti，tabushiyigelianjiedehenhaodedianlixitong，jiumeiguoxibu、meiguodongbuhedekesasizhou，tashisangexiangduidulidedianlixitong。

tongshizaimeiyigedulidianlixitongdangzhong，gegediqudedianlixitong，tayoushiyouyidiangeziweizhengdezhuangtai，suirantamenzhijianshiyouyixiedianlichuanshude，danzheigedianlichuanshudenenglibingbugouda，suoyizheixiedianlibingbunenggouyouxiaodi，youxiaodichuanshudaotazhenzhengxuyaobeixuyaodedifang。

qishizheigewentidejiejuesiluhenjiandan，neijiushiduojiansheqingjienengyuansheshihedianlichuanshuxian，meiguozhengfuyedequezaituijinxiangguanzhengce，danzaizhixingqilaiqueyudaolezhongzhongkunnan。

qizhongshejidaohenduoyuanyin，birushuozhengzhi、zhengce、minyidengdeng，jiubirushuoyongminyilaijuli，qishimeiguorentaxiwangnijianshegengduodedianlichuanshuxian，danshitayoubuxiwangnizaitajiamenkoujianlidianlichuanshuxian。zheijiushipubiandeyigexiangfa，zheigexiangfazaimeiguoyouyigecijiaonimby，jiu not in my backyard（biejianzaiwojiafujin），jiushinikeyizuoduigonggonghaodeshiqing，danshibuyaozaiwojiamenkouzuo。

youyigelizijiushidagaiyiliangnianqian，zaimeiguodedongbeibudiqu，dangshishixiangjianyitiao 145 yinglizhangdedianlichuanshuxian，ranhouzheigexiangmubeiyinweifalvdeyuanyin，beizhengzhengtuoleliangniandeshijian。dangdideyixiehuanbaozhuyizhe，heqitadeyixiezuzhitichulaiyaofanduijianshezheigedianlichuanshuxiande，jiutamendeliyoujiushi，jianshedianlichuanshuxiankenenghuixuyaokanshu，kenenghuiyingxiangdaodangdideshengtaidengdeng。

genjuxuyixing（ethan xu）duiwomenfenxiangdeshuju，meiguodedianlichuanshuxiandejianshedagaimeinianyidiyu1%desuduzaijianshe，erweiruannengyuanzhanlvebudeyanjiufaxian，ruguomeiguozhendeyaoshixiandaguimodeqingjiedianli，zhishaoxuyaomeinianyidayue2.5%zuoyoudesudu，quzengzhanghekuojiantazijidechuanshuxianhewangluo，danxianzaidesudu，shiyuanyuangenbushangxuyaodesudude。

chuledianlifazhanbujunheng，suizhekejifazhan，weilaibushaoxingyejiangchuxianjudadedianlixuqiuquekou。meiguoyinxingfabiaodemeiguonengyuanbaogaozhong，jiangmeiguoyongdianzengzhangzhuyaoguinaweisangeyuanyin：

diyigeyuanyinlaiziyuaifazhan。

womenzhiqiandeshipinjiangguo，zheiliangnianyinweishengchengshiaidebaofa，juanqileyigurechao，bushaokejijutoufenfenchijuzijiansheaishujuzhongxin，dailailepangdadeyongdianxuqiu。

徐熠兴（Ethan Xu）

微软能源战略部 资深项目经理

shujuzhongxinzheigexingyedagaihuiyimeinian15%zuoyoudesudujinxingzengzhang，xiangjintiandehua，shujuzhongxinzhizhandaolemeiguozhenggeyongdianliangde2.5%zuoyou，ranhouyujidao2030nianzuoyou，shujuzhongxinzhanmeiguozhenggeyongdianliangdebizhong，huizhandao7.5%zuoyou，suoyizheishiyigebijiaodadefeiyue。

ermeiguosuirandianlifazhanzao，danyouyuqugongyehuadelinian，shiduonianlai，zhengtiyongdianbingmeiyoujiaodazengzhang，jiashangmeiguodejijiannenglijiaoruo，daozhidianwangjianshesudugenbushangaidefazhanxuqiu。

diergeyuanyinshiduogexingyededianqihua。biruxinnengyuanqiche，suiranjinqiyousuoyuleng，danmeiguoyinxingrenwei，bulunzengzhangruhefanghuan，dianchedezhengtishuliangyiranhuitisheng，neimechongdianxuqiuhaishihuijixuzengjia。

shujubiaoming，meiguoguangshizai2023nian，xiaoxingdiandongchededianlixuqiujiudadaole1.6gw。dajiakeyikandao，zheigezengzhangquxianhaishifeichangdouqiaode。

chuleminyongdiandongchewai，bushaozhongxinghedaxinggongyecheliang，yezhengzhuanxiangdiandonghua，zheixiecheliangjingchangxuyaozhangtuzuoye，gongzuoshijianhexingshilichengxiangbiminyongchehuigengzhang。yincimeiguoyinxingguji，dao2030nian，diandongqichedefazhanjiangjimeiguodailai10gwdedianlifudan。

haiyoulouyudedianqihua，birushuoyongdianqudaitishineidegongnuan，tongshihaiyouzhizaoyededianqihua，jiubirushuohenduochuantongdezhizaoye，takenengshiyongshiyoudengdenglaitigongnengyuande，xianzaiyezaixiangbanfa，yongdianlaidefangshilaitidaimouxiedegongyedeshengchanliucheng。

disangeyuanyinzeshilaiziyugongchangdejiansheyufazhan，yejiushizhizaoyedehuiliu。

jirandiandongqicheshiqushi，neishengchankendingbunengshao。birushuo，meiguoyinxingdeshujujiuyujidao2027nian，meiguojingneidianchigongchangdedianlixuqiujiangdadao3.5gw。

tongshi，meiguoweilejiangwailiudexinpianzhizaochanyeqianhuiguonei，tuichule《xinpianfaan》，yujixindexinpianzengzhangheshengchanjiangjixudailai2gwdexuqiu。

zonghejisuanqitagedalingyudezengzhangxuqiu，kaolvdaoxinzengdeqingjienengyuanyujijiangtuiyidehuolifadianchanghou，meiguoyinxingrenwei，dao2030nian，dianlixuqiujiangzengjia70gw，dianwangdewendingxinghuichengshouquyuxingdetiaozhan，huolifadiankenengwufamanzuzheixiexuqiu。

womenzhiqiandeshipinyetidaoguo，jijuzengzhangdeyongdianxuqiu，yeduitanzhonghedemubiaotichuletiaozhan，neijiranhuolifadianbugoule，fazhanqingjienengyuannengfoujiejuezheixiewentini？

04 清洁能源如何撑起下一轮用电浪潮

womenmuqianmianlindexianshishi：yibianshiqingjienengyuantaiduo，daozhidiannengyichu；eryibiandiannengquekoujuda，yinfakejijutoufenfenqiangdian。

zaikekonghejubianshixianzhiqian，muqiandeqingjienengyuanxingyenengfouzhichengqixiayilundianlixuqiuzengzhangni？

woshirenweidalifazhanqingjie，shinenggoufeichangyouxiaodi，tianbudianlidejudaxuqiude，danshiwomenyaozhidao，dianlixitongtashiyigexuyaoshishipinghengdexitong。suoyizaidalifazhanqingjienengyuantongshi，yexuyaodalifazhanchuneng，jiubaozhengqingjienengyuan，nenggoubijiaoyouxiaodiliyongqilai。

chuneng，jianghuishipinghengqingjienengyuangongxuguanxizhongyaodeyihuan。

diannengcunchufangshizhuyaofenweidianchi、choushuixunenghezhiqing。choushuixunengduidixingyaoqiugao，jianshechengbenda，erzhiqingchengbenyebudi，muqiandezhuanhuaxiaolvdagaizhiyou40%，suoyixianzaiguangfudianchangpubiancaiyongdianchifangan，fadianliangguodashijidianchichongdian，yewanzairangdianchifangdian，qidao“xuefengtiangu”dezuoyong。

suiranchunengjishu、shebeichengbenyijixiaolvyizhishigetiaozhan，danmuqiantaiyangnenggongsimen，douzaiquanlifazhanheyouhuachunengfangan。

guoqudeshinianzuoyou，xiangguangfushebeidagaitadechengbenxiajiangleyou90%，erjintiankanqilai，chunengshebeihenyoukenenghuijingligenguangfushebeileiside，yigechengbenxiajiangdeguocheng。qishiguoqushinian，chunengshebeidechengbenyijingxiajiangle80%zuoyou，suoyiwobijiaoleguandirenwei，chunengshebeidezheigechengben，zhihoujinianhaihuijixuxiajiang，nenggougengdaguimodiyingyongdaodianwangdangzhong。

chulechunengwentiwai，juedingguangfufadiannengfouzhichengqizheilundianlixuqiudelingyigeyinsu，jiushidanweimianjidezhuanhuanxiaolv，huanjuhuashuo，guangfufadiannengfouzaizhandijinliangxiaodeqingkuangxia，fachuzugoudedianneng。

yeneirenshijiwomenjulegehenxingxiangdelizi，ruguoyaozhichengqiquanmeiguodeyongdian，zhixuyaopusheyiwanpingfangyinglidetaiyangnengbanjiuxing，ruguobameiguosuoyoudegaosugongludoupushangtaiyangnengban，neifachulaidedianquanmeijiuyongbuwanle。

danduiyuxinnengyuanfadianlaishuo，bulunshiguangfuhaishifengneng，doushiyaokaotianchifande，zaihuanjingtiaojianbulixiangdeshihou，haidekaochuantongnengyuanqubuchong。

suoyiqingjienengyuanmuqianjiaodadepingjing，jiuzaiyuruhelinghuodiaodu。

qishizaidianlidezheigefazhanguochengzhong，womenshiyouyigesuoweidebukenengsanjiao，yigejiushikekaoxing，yigeshiqingjie，haiyouyigeshichengbendilian。

duiyuqingjienengyuanlaishuo，tashimanzulezheisangezhibiaodangzhongdeqingjie、chengbendi，danshiyinweiqingjienengyuandefadianxuyaokaotianchifan，tadekekaoxingshibutaigaode。

chuantongdenengyuantayezhishizhandaolezheigebukenengsanjiaodangzhongdeliangge，yigeshitakekaoxingbijiaogao，yinweinishisuishikeyikongzhifadianliang，tongshitadechengbenyebusuantebiegao，danshichuantongdefadiantajiushibugouqingjie。

suoyiwomenxuyaohelidedapeibutongdefadianjishu，nenggoushixianzheigebukenengsanjiaodangzhongdemeiyixiang。

zaiweilaideersanshiniandangzhong，zheigeqingjienengyuanhechuantongnengyuanshihuigongcunde，zheiyangcainengbaozhengdianlixitongzhong，nenggoujikekaoyouyouzugouduodeqingjienengyuan，tongshichengbenhaibushineimegao。

weilejiejuelinghuoxingdewenti，bushaogongsikaishishiyongaidazaodexunidianchanglaidiaokonggongdian。

zheiyangdexunidianchangmeiyouxianshizhongdeshiti，tadezhuyaogongnengzaiyudiaodudianli，rangdiannengshixianxiaolvyujingjidezuidahua。

youleaidejiachi，xitongjiunenggengzhunquedeyuceweilaideqingkuang。

birujiexialaidetianqiruhe、weilaidenageshijian、nagedidiandeyongdianxuqiujiangruhebianhua、dianjiashitigaohaishijiangdidengdeng，zheiyangjiunengkongzhichunengxitonghelidechongfangdian，huozhejiangtongyigedianwangnei，diannengguoshengdefadiansheshi，diaoduchuanshudaoxuqiugengdadediqu。

zhideyitideshi，xunidianwangjishu，buguangshikeyiyonglaidiaokongqingjienengyuan，hainengpinghengchuantongnengyuandefuzai，rangqingjienengyuanyuchuantongnengyuanhuxiangpeihe，dadaozuidahuadeliyong。

suiranmuqianqingjienengyuandezhanbihaibusuangao，quanmeikezaishengnengyuandefadianbilijinzhanle21.4%，dangenjulutoushedexiaoxi，dao2030nian，qingjienengyuandefadianzhanbijiangdadaoquanqiudianlidesanfenzhiyiyishang。

womenyexiwangqingjienengyuannengjiasupukai，zaigezhongdejishumianshang，wulunshixiaolv、chunenghaishixunidianwang，dounengjinkuaijixuyouhua，yetongshijiejuehaotaiyangnengmianbanmianlindeyixiezhengyiwenti，rangquanqiujianpaimubiaojinyibujinzaoshixian。

tebieshimuqianquanqiumianlinxindeyilunaidianlizhan，renleiduinengyuandexuqiu，zhihuiyuelaiyueda。

dankejifazhandechuzhong，yinggaishichuangzaogengjiameihaodeshenghuohuanjing，ruguowenmingjinbushiyixishenghuanjingweidaijia，zheiyouhechangbushishebenzhumoni？