wen｜tiyuchanyeshengtaiquan wangshuai

编辑｜北力

meiguozhiyetiyuxianglaiyiqifadadeshangyehuaweiyejiesuochengdao。danzaizheigeanlizhongwomenjiangkandao，ruguoshangyehuawufakongzhizaiyigehelidechidunei，duitiyudeshanghaihuiyouduoda。

rangwomenxiangxiangzheiyangyigechangjing：

zheishiyijizhongchaoliansaideweisheng，nilaojianeizuoxiaochengdejiaxiangzhuduijijiangyinglaibaojizhizhan；tongshi，nigongzuoheshenghuodeyixianchengshihaomenjulebuyedaolezhengguandeguanjianshike。xianran，haomenguanjunzhandebisairedugenggao，quanguozhibodoujiangduizhunta，dannihaishixiangkanjiaxiangqiuduidebisai，yezaiqinglizhizhong。

neimeruguowogaosuni：zainishenghuodechengshi，suoyouzhuanboshangdouzhibozheichanghaomenzhengguanzhan，ruguoxiangkanzijijiaxiangqiuduidebisai，yaomehuilaojiakandangdizhibo，yaomehuagaojiamaizhuanshuzhiboquan，nihuizenmexiang？

shijishang，deyiyuzhongguorujintiyuzhiboqudaodefengfu，zheizhongxianxiangzaiguoneibingbuhuifasheng。danzaidayangbiandemeiguo，zheiquechenglerangnflqiumimenwubitouteng，shenzhidaobitamenxuehuile「kexueshangwang」denanti。

jinnian6yue，yizeguanyunflshexianbanquanlongduandejitisusong，dedaolemeiguoluoshanjidifangfayuandepeishentuancaijue。peishentuanrendingnflweifaxingweichengli，panchunflxiang2011nian-2022nianjianzonggong240wanjiatingyonghuhe4.8wanqiyeyonghuzhifuleiji47yimeijindepeichang。

bishi，zheiyipanjuebeishizuo「laobaixingduikangziben」deyicizhongdashengli。

danhenyihan，fanzhuanhaishifashengle。

dangdishijian8yue1ri，benandezhongshenfaguanfeilipu·gutieleisi（philip gutierrez）bohuilepeishentuandecaijue。

gutieleisibiaoshi，yuangaozaizhengmingnflliyonglongduandiweizhidingbuhelideshoufeishi，jisuanfangfacunzaiyanzhongpiancha：「yuangaomeiyoujiyuzhengjuhehelituilunjinxingsunhaidingchang，ershishiyongleleisicaicejituiduandefangshi，zheijiudaozhizuizhongdesuopeishueshibugongpingde」。

dangutieleisiyechengren，fatingduiyunfldelongduanjunwuyiyi。

zhici，zheichangbenyoukenengdianfumeiguozhiyetiyuzhuanbofufeidejitisusongan，jieduanxingdiluoxialeweimu。dangran，yuangaozaiweilaikeyixianglianbangfayuanjixutichushensu。dankaolvdaonflbeihouchongzudeshehuiziyuanhezibenliliang，getixiaofeizhejishibaochengtuan，yehennangouchengzhenzhengdeduikang。「daweijibaigeliya」degushi，kongpazhongjiushishenhua。

neime，zaimeiguokanyichangnflzhuanbo，daodiyouduo「gui」？

黑障

zaijixuzhankaigushiqian，womenxuyaoxianjieshijigenfldedianshizhuanbogainian。

zaiguzaonianjian，weilebaozhangqiuduidezhuchangshangzuolvyijiyuzhixiangbandeshangyequanyi，nflguidingruozaibisaikaishiqian72xiaoshi，bisaishoupiaolvhaidabudaomouyibiaozhun（zuichuyaoqiushouqing、houjiangwei85%），zegaiqiuchangfangyuan120gonglifanweinei，budejinxingbenchangbisaidezhuanbo。

zheijiushidamingdingdingde「zhuanboheizhang（television blackout）」zhengce。houlai，zheiyizhengcezhujianyanbianweigedadianshizhuanboshanghuafenshilifanweide「gongju」。

图源：DirecTV

buguo，suizhe「shangdianshi」dejiazhidedaoyuelaiyueduodezhongshi，qiuduiyexuehuilegezhongguibi「heizhang」defangfa。biru，huotongzhuanbofangxieshangyongyouhuijiabayupiaobaoyuan，zheiyangzhuanbofangqimahainengbobisaizhuanguanggaofei；huozhetongguoyasuokeshoupiaozongshulaitigaoyishoubili。

zhiyaoshaoweilejieyidiantiyushangye，nijiunengchajuechulai「heizhang」zhidudefuxiuguoshile。dao2014nian，「heizhang」yijingchengweizhongshizhide，lianmeiguolianbangtongxinweiyuanhuidoujuedingchumianjieru——dingbuzhuyalidenflzuizhongzai2015niancongguanfangwuxianqizhongzhilezheiyizhengce。

raner，dangwomenqiehuandaoweilishitudezibenjiashijiaojiuhuifaxian，「heizhang」decunzai，qishiweicongqiumineilizhaquliangfenzhuanbofeitigonglekexingdesilu。neime，youmeiyoushenmejihuihuangefangshirang「heizhang」jixucunzaini？

doubuyongewaixiangshenmebanfa，jishimeiyou「heizhang」，fufeidianshizhuanboshangdepindaoshuyijiushiyouxiande，zheijiudaozhizongyoubisaiwufazaidianshipindaolibochu，zheizhongdangdidianshizhuanboshangbubodebisaijiujiaozuo「feibendishichangbisai（out-of-market game）」。

xiangkan？yaomekuazhouqunengbodedifangkan——kesheihuizhendezheimezuoni？

要么，得加钱。

weilegaoqingchuzijidezhounengboshenmebisai，wangyoumeizhouzifazhizuo「nflzhuanboditu」 tuyuan：506sports

关乎正义

neimejiushuodaowomenbenpiangushide「zhujiao」——nflzhouripiao（nfl sunday ticket）taocan。

rujinzheigetaocanshiyouyoutubeyunyingde，tazaiguanwangshangdemiaoshuyuanwenruxia：「nflzhouripiaotaocan，wuxianchangkansuoyouout-of-marketdezhourisai！henizijidefufeipindaoyiqi，nijiangdedaosuoyouxiangyaodebisai。」

图源：YouTube

zai2024niandenflchaojiwankaidazhiqian，meiguocaijingmeiti《shangyeneimu》jizheyakebu·jinkula（jacob zinkula）jiuzhuanwenbiaodalezijizuoweiyimingputongnflqiumidefannao：

zuoweihewushunianqingrenyiyangcongxiaodifanglaidaoniuyuededagongzi，yakebuduijiaxiangqiuduilvwanbaozhuanggongqingyouduzhong。keyouyunflduibisaizaibutongdiqudianshizhuanboshouquande「jingzhunhuafen」，yijiguyichichibukentuichu「qiuduibao」，ruguoshenzainiuyuedeyakebuxiangzhuikanyigesaijiwanzhengdebaozhuanggongdebisai，tajiuzhishaoxuyaozhifuliangbifeiyong：nflzainiuyuedangdidefufeizhuanbofuwu，yijiyige「zhouripiao」taocan。er「zhouripiao」taocanli，haiyoudaliang「wuguan」debisai。

zheijiudaozhilegaoangdejiage。

rujinbeiyoutubejieshoude「zhouripiao」taocan，danmaiyaoyinian449meiyuan；youtubehuiyuandedabaoyouhuiyeyaoyinian349meiyuan（zheherenminbi2500yuan）。jishihemeiguoguoneiqitasaishibijiao，zheigejiageyekanchengshechi——shangsaijinbade「saijitong」zaimeiguoyinianzhimai100meiyuan，qiumixuangoulvgenggaode「qiuduitong」gengshizhixuyao90dao。

8yue20ri，xinsaijidenfl「zhouripiao」taocanzaipingguoshangdianshangxian，biaojiagaoda679.99meiyuan（yue4850yuan）。xiangyaofudaiduobisaitongboderedzonefuwu，zeyaotao739.99meiyuan（yue5280yuan）。

zaiguonei，zheigejiagejiusuanjiqigedapingtaitiyu、yingshihuiyuandouchuochuoyouyu。

zaozai2013nian，tiyuzhuangbeilingshoushangfanaticsdeyonghudiaochajiuxianshi，zaimeiguo，xiangyakebuyiyanghezijizuiaidenflqiuduibuzaitongyizhoudeqiumibiliyijinggaoda74%——nflduidaitamendefangshijiushi，「guli」tamenweile「zhouripiao」taocanlineijichangxiangkandeqiu，quduohuajibaimeiyuandedingyuefei。

dangran，xuyaochengqingdeshi，zaiwomenkaitoutidaode47yimeijinsusonganzhenduideshijianduanli，nfl「zhouripiao」taocanshizhongguishuyulingyijiafufeidianshifenfashangdirectv。danshishishi，nflhedirectvhezuode「zhouripiao」tongyangguidelipu，2022niandetaocanjiagejiuyao294dao。

NFL和DirecTV合作的「周日票」套餐是此次诉讼的主体 图源：SolidSignal

bencijitisusongdeyuangaolvshituanchengyuanamanda·boen（amanda bonn）zhiyanbuhui：「xianzaiyijingmeiyouduoshaogongxinjiecengnengfudandeqizheikuannfltaocanle。」

erluoshanjidifangfayuanpeishentuanjinfldewanzhengcaijueshizheiyangbiaoshude：「zai2011nian-2022nianjian，liyongzishenlongduandiwei，yuhezuodezhuanboshangdachengliyi‘gongmou（conspiracy）’，siyitaigaodingyuetaocanjiage，yimouqubaoli。」

duiyucbshefoxzheixiezhuanboshangeryan，dangqitataocanjiagegaodaomaibuqi，qiumimenzhinenglaolaoshishikantamenzaibendibochudebisai，zheiyeshitamenlejiandeqingkuang。

zuichudesusongshizai2015nianyouyijiaweiyujiujinshandemingjiao「dazangya（mucky duck）」detiyujiubatiqide，daole2017nian，yishidaozijirebuqinfldetamenxuanzelechesu。

danliangnianhou，fenguanjiazhoudemeiguodijiuxunhuishangsufatingjuedingyijitisusongdefangshizhongtician。qiumimenkugaojiajiuyi，yushiyingzheruyun。

mianduirucijuedepeichang，nflziranbuhuizuoyidaibi。shangsushijibendongzuo：「womenduiyouguancaijueshenbiaoshiwang。womenshizhongjianxin，nfldemeitifenxiaocelveshimuqianzhenggetiyuyuyulexingyeduikehuzuiyouhaodexuanxiang。suoyoucansaiqiuduidebisai，doutongguoqiuduidangdidedianshitaidedaolemianfeizhuanbo；baokuochaojiwanzaineidezuishouhuanyingdebisai，doufugaidaolequanguo，womenhaitigonglebaokuo「zhouripiao」zaineideduozhongbuchongxuanxiang。yinci，womenrenweizheiyijuedinghaowugenju，kanchenghuangmiu。」

yifenyizhengciyandeshengming，weidujiushibushuoweishenmeyaobazuoweibuchongxuanxiangde「zhouripiao」taocangaoneimegui，yijiweishenmejiushibujiqiumijiandanminglede「qiuduitaocan」。

zuoweishehuiyingxianglibuxunyupingguo、weiruandemeiguoguominjitiyushangyeshiti，nflyongyou100wanzhongfangfatuifanduizijibulideshenpan——tamenzuizhongyezuodaole。

buguo，jiuxiangyuangaolvshituanchengyuanbier·kamodi（bill carmody）zaijieanchencizhongsuoshuode，「zheishiyiciduiquanguoxiaofeizheyiyizhongdadepanjue，taguanhuzhengyi。womenyaogaosu32jiaqiuduidelaoban，napatamenyongyouzhenggemeiguodianshizhuanboshishangzuishouhuanyingdeneirong，tamenyebunengsiwujidandilongduan。bunengshituzhaganxiaofeizhedexuehanqian。」

垄断

zaozaijinnian1yue，meiguoniuyuezhouminzhudangyiyuanpate·ruian（pat ryan）jiuzaizijideshemeishangxiangnfldezongcailuojie·gudeer（roger goodell）fabiaoleyifengbanguanfangdegongkaixin——「gudeerxiansheng，nimenhenbcdaodihaixiangcongxinqingongzuodemeiguorendoulizhuanduoshaoqian？！」

rangruianyiyuanchulifennudeyuanyinhenjiandan，shangsaijishishishangshoucinflchangshijihousaizaizhuanbofangnbcdeliumeitiduanpeacockdujiazhibo，「wodexuanminmenyijingweiledingnbchualedaqian，xianzaihaiyaoweilekanchangqiuzaiduohuayibiqian？helima？！」

复杂的NFL转播付费让美国州议员都忍不住开喷

dangran，zheijiushilongduanbeidangdaishehuisuoshenetongjuedeyuanyin，xiangkanjiutaoqian，buranjiubiekan。

neimeyinflweidaibiaodemeiguotiyuzhuanbodelongduanyunyingtixi，jiujingshizenmexingchengde？

shangshijizhongye，dianshiguangbojishudefazhanrangmeiguozhiyetiyukandaolejihui。danyouyufanlongduanfadeguiding，gegelianmengdejulebuwufajinxingtongyixiediao，budebufenbiehezhuanboshangdandutanpan。xianran，zheijibuliyutiyumitongguowendingdepingtaiyangchengguansaixiguan，yebuliyuliansaidequanguotuozhanheshangyejiazhizuoda。

yushi，jingguomanzhangdezhengzhiboyi，meiguoguohuizai1961nianpizhunlezhumingde《tiyuguangbofaan》（sports broadcasting act），zici，getiyulianmengdeyizuoweidulidezhengtijinxingzhuanboquantanpanyuqianyue。

keyishuo，guanfangjiyutiyulianmeng「longduanhuomianquan」dechuzhong，qiaqiashiweileranggengduorennengkandaobisaizhuanbo。danyinflweishoudegedatiyulianmeng，quebazheigequanliyongzaileboxuexiaofeizheshang。

guigendaodi，「nflbeijitisusong」yishidebenzhiqishihaishineigelaodiaoyadewenti：ruhepinghenghaotiyujingyanyedeshangyexinghegongyixing。

poyouyiqudeshi，zaizheidianshang，zhongguohemeiguoyouyicixingchengleguangpushangdeliangge「jiduan」。meiguotiyudeshangyehualingzhongguodecongyezheyanxianbuyi，danmeiguotiyudeguodushangyehuayerangmeiguotiyumimen「kubukanyan」，kanqiudehuaxiaozhijuda，shenzhirangtiyukaishituoligongxinjiecengdequnzhongjichu。

lingyibiandeqingkuangqiaqiaxiangfan，zhongguofadadegonggongfuwujichurangkanqiuzaoyibuzaishizhongguotiyumidenanshi。tiyumeitipingtaishao，banquanjizhong，qiuminengyihenxiaodedaijiaqufufeiguansai。ruguoshizaibuyuanyifufei，haiyouyangshinengchulaidoudi。

danzhongguotiyujingyanyedeshangyehuashuipingzhidi，queyezhengzaiqinshizhezhiyetiyudefazhangenji。

dangran，zheishiyigeguoyuhongdadeyiti，yuanbushisanyanliangyunengjieshiqingchude。zheipianwenzhang，yezhishixiwangtongguoduimeiguozheiqipanjuedetantao，jiguoneicongyezhedailaiduoyixiesikao。

bizheqianxieniancengzaiyijiazhongguotiyubanquandelongtouqiyeshixi，bishizuliyiwei40duosuidelaoqianbeicengdangzhelingdaodemiandashengshuo：「rangwohuaqiankanzhuanbo，menerdoumeiyoua！」

buzhidaomeiguodenflqiumitingdaozheijuhua，huibuhuixianmu？