wen | chebaizhiku fugang

编辑 | 紫峰

“daocheqingzhuyi、daocheqingzhuyi……”moxingdetishiyinxiangchemeiguojietou，jinri，zaiduanshipinpingtaishang，guochan“sanbengzi”chengweilemeiguojietoude“dingliu”。

“sanbengzi”jiushiguoneichangjiandedisudiandongsanlunche。juyangshibaodao，jinnianyuandanyilai，meiguobentuxiaofeizheconggedianshangpingtaixiadanzhongguochandiandongsanlunchedeshuliangchixumengzeng，sirendingzhi，haiyunfawangmeiguo。

2023nianyilai，yidapi“zhongguozao”zaihaiwaiquanfen，qizhongdiandongcheqiyeyadi、ngwayizaiyuenan、yinni、feilvbinjianlishengchanjidi，youdecheqizezhunbeidaoouzhouqujianlishengchanjidi，qizhongbufa“sanbengzi”shengchanchangjia。

rujin，zhongguo“sanbengzi”yijingchenglewaimaolingyudereci，neime“sanbengzi”shiruhezaimeiguonaizhihaiwaishiliquanfende？

01 怎么火起来的？

shijianhuisuzhiqunianchuchun，dangshimeiguodeyiweikejibozhu，zaiyiciourandewangluochonglangzhong，beiyikuanlaiziyaoyuandongfangdeshenmicheliangshenshenxiyin——neijiushizhongguozhizaode“sanbengzi”。

chuyuduixinqishiwudehaoqiyutansuoyu，tahaobuyouyudixialedan，yi3000meiyuandejiage，baoyoubaoguanshui，jiangzheitaizaizhongguobentujinxu3000renminbidedaibushenqidaihuiledayangbiandejia。

shuyuedengdai，dangzheiliangchongmandongfangyunweidexiaochehuanhuanshirutadetingyuan，bozhuxingfendijiangqitiyanpaichengshipin，shangchuanzhiwangluo，shunjianyinbaoquanmeishejiaomeiti，yichangguanyu“zhongguoshenche”dekuangretaolunjiucilakaixumu。

rujin，zheigu“sanbengzi”rechaoxunsucongchengshimanyanzhixiangcun，youqishiguangmaodemeiguonongchangdiqu。zaizheili，chuantongdepikachesuirangongnengqiangda，dangaoangdegoumaichengbenheweihufeiyongrangxuduonongchangzhuwangerquebu。erzhongguo“sanbengzi”dechuxian，qiahaotianbulezheiyishichangkongbai。tabujinjiagedilian，gengyiqixiaoqiaolinghuodecheshensheji、chusedexuhangnengliyijiqiangdadezaihuonengli，yingdelenongchangzhudeqinglai。congrichangdenongzuowuyunshudaojiatingduantuchuxing，shenzhishihaizimendezhoumotanxian，zheikuan“zhongguoshenche”dounengqingsongshengren。

yishijian，meiguonongchangneisuichukejian“sanbengzi”mangliudeshenying，tamenchengweilenongchangjingjibukehuoquedeyibufen。 suizhexuqiudejizeng，zhongguoqiyeminruidibuzhuodaolezheiyishangji，fenfenjiadashengchanlidu，shenzhikaishitigonggexinghuadingzhifuwu，yimanzumeiguoshichangdeduoyanghuaxuqiu。zaigongxuliangwangdetuidongxia，“sanbengzi”zaimeiguodeshoujiayeshuizhangchuangao，congzuichude3000meiyuanxunsupanshengzhi5000zhi1.2wanmeiyuanbudeng，danrengweinengzudangxiaofeizhedereqing。

02 出海是必然选择

lingyifangmian，zhongguo“sanbengzi”nengzaihaiwairucifengguang，yeyouxieteshuyuanyin。

congjinnianyuandankaishi，beijingjinzhiweiguidiandongsanlun、siluncheshanglu，budezaigonggongchangsuotingfang，weizhejiangbeiyifachachu。

chubeijingwai，hunan、anhui、jiangsu、shanghaidengshengfenyeyichutaixiangguanzhengcedui“laotoule”shanglujinxingjianguanhexianzhi。

minjiansuchengde“laotoule”，zhengshimingchengjiaodisudiandongche，qishijiushidiandong“sanbengzi”taoleyigeminibandeqichewaiqiao。

jinnianlai，buguanshi“laotoule”haishi“sanbengzi”，youyuyinwuxupaizhaohejiazhao，jiashizhewanquanbushoujiaotongguizedeyueshu，zaochengwushujiaotongshigu。

jugongxinbushujuxianshi，2012—2017nianquanguofashengdedisudiandongchejiaotongshigu83wanqi，zaocheng1.8wanrensiwang，18.6wanrenshoushang。

zhenduidiandongsanlunchedeguanlihunluan、anquanxishudidengquedian，2018niangongyehexinxihuabudengliubumenxiafale《guanyujiaqiangdisudiandongcheguanlidetongzhi》，yaoqiuduicunliangchannengzhubuzhuanxinghuotaotai，yindaoqiyezhuanxing。

bansuijianguanyuelaiyueyan，yijiqichededafujiangjia，quyubaohedeguoneidiandongsanluncheyewuzhixianxiahua。

genjuzhongguodiandongsanlunchexingyefabudeshujuxianshi，2016—2020nian，zhongguozuoweiquanqiudiandongsanlunchezuidadeshichang，guochandiandongsanlunchexiaoshouecong300yiyuanyizhubudiezhi260yiyuan，nianjunfuhezengzhanglvwei-3.5%。

zheizhongbeijingxia，“chuhai”ziranchengweiguochan“sanbengzi”zuijiaxuanze，rutongqianxidexiangqun，kaishixunmixinfangxiang。

zhiqianbozhu@bobogoumaidejiushilaiziwuxiguoweideyikuandiandong“sanbengzi”，shengchanjidiweiyuwuxidexishandiandongchechanyeyuan。

diandongchechanyezaiwuxibeiliewei“sixinsiqiang”chanyejiqunzhiyi，diandongchejilingbujianchanyejiqunyeruxuanguojiazhongxiaoqiyetesechanyejiqun。

wuxidexishanqubeiyuwei“zhongguodiandongchezhixiang”，quanguodiandongcheshiqiangqiyezhongdeyadi、xinri、tailing、aima、jinjian、xiaodaojunhuijuyuci。

2023nian，wuxi160duojiadiandongchechukouqiye，pingjunwaimaozengfugaoda20%，zuigaodeqiyeshenzhidadao50%。

wuxidiandongcheqiyewaixiaozengfuzuidabianhuashi，guoquxuyaotongguojingxiaoshangdaixiao，rujinkeyizhijietongguokuajingdianshangmaihuo，shouxujianbian，xiaoshouchengbenyejiangdixuduo。

buguo，wuxidiandongchechanyekenenggengcezhongyuerlundiandongchezhizao，guoneidiandong“sanbengzi”chanyeshilizuixionghoudehaidekanjiangsuxuzhoudefengxian。

yeneisuyou“quanqiudiandongsanlunchekanzhongguo，zhongguodiandongsanlunchekanfengxian”shuofa。

genjugongkaiziliao，quanguo10qiangdediandongsanlunchezhengcheqiyezhongyou7jialuohufengxian，dangdiyongyoudiandongchezhengchejipeijianshengchanqiye1000duojia，nianshengchanzhengchenenglitupo500wanliang，zhanjuguonei60%yishangdediandongsanluncheshichangfenehe95%yishangdedianjishichangfene，chanpinchukoudao130duogeguojiahediqu。

03 隐忧浮现

buguo，dangxiawomenyeyaoqingxingdikandao，yaoshuodiandongsanluncheyijingchengwei“tingqumaishengyipian”deremenshangpin，weishishangzao。juxiangguanshichangdiaoyanjigoutongji，2023nianquanqiudiandongsanluncheshichangxiaoshouegaoda618.6yiyuan。qizhong，yataidiqushizuidadeshichang，zhanbiyue90.06%，eroumeishichangfenejinwei5.14%。

dangran，diandongsanlunchezouhongyuwangluo，zheidequeladongleyidingdexiaoliang。danzhidezhuyideshi，zheixiedoushigerenkehutongguogekuajingdianshangpingtaixiadesandan。

danruoyuyikaob2ctujingshixianchangxiao，xianrancunzaizhezhuduozhangai。huaxiaopansheng，jiushituiguangguochengzhongshouyaodebiduan——haiyunyunfeixianranshiyibibuxiaodekaizhi。

jinguan，duiyuhaiwaimaijialaishuo，“shenjiabaozeng”ledediandongsanluncheyiranjuyouxingjiabiyoushi，danxianran，xianshangsanxiaodajianshangpin，juefeikaituoshichangdezuijiafangan。gengbubiti，kuajingxiaoshoumoshixia，tigongbaoyangweixiudengshouhoufuwujiangwucongtanqi。

gengdadefengbaoyeqiaoranerzhi。

kenengshizhongguo“sanbengzi”zaimeiguoshichangdechenggongyechudonglebentucheqideminganshenjing。tamenkandaozijideshichangfenebeizheikuanlaizidongfangde“dijiashashou”zhujianqinshi，xinzhongchongmanlejiaolvyubuan。weileweihuzishenliyi，meiguocheqikaishilianhexingdong，xiangmeiguoshangwubudijiaolelianmingqingyuanshu。

qingyuanshuzhong，meiguocheqibujinzhizezhongguo“sanbengzi”yiyuandiyuchengbendejiageqingxiaomeiguoshichang，yanzhongraoluanleshichangzhixu，haishengchengqiqingxiaolvgaodajingrende477%。zheiyizhikongwuyishiduizhongguozhizaonenglidejidabiandiheduishichangjingjiguilvdegongranweibei。zixifenxihouyebunanfaxian，zheiyishujubeihouyinzangzhedeshimeiguocheqiduishichangfeneliushidekonghuangyubugan。

dan，zheiyewuyiji“sanbengzi”dehaiwaichukou，mengshangleyicengnongzhongdeyinying。

yiyanyibizhi，sanbengzidehaiwaipobingzhilv，caigangmaichu“wanlizhangzhengdiyibu”。

04 结语

guoquyinianshijiannei，laizizhongguo“baisejiadian”chanyedebingxiang、xiyiji、kongdiaozaiquanqiushichangfeneyichaoguo50%，chukouguimoshijiediyi；“zhongguozao”delidianchi、taiyangnengdianchigengshiquanqiuxiaofeizhejingxianggoumaideremenshangpin。

sishiniankaifangzhangfeng，jidairenzhizaoyechendian，wushu“zhongguozhizao”jiezhuhulianwangzaicipiaoyangguohai，zichengshengtai。

erzuoweihuijuleminjianchuangzaolide“duomianshou”，“sanbengzi”dehuochuguomenzhengming，fujiazhijiaoxiaodesuowei“diduanchanpin”，yeyouzhebukexiaoqudeqianzaijiazhi。yinweizhizaobingmeiyougaodizhifen，zaibutongdechanyefazhanjieduan，lirunhuizaibutongdehuanjiebeijifachulai。