文｜华夏能源网

zai2023niantuichurongliangdianjiayilai，youyigeduimeidianweilaiyouzhongdayingxiangdezhengcechutai。

huaxianengyuanwang（gongzhonghaohxny3060）huoxi，jinri，guojiafazhanhegaigeweiyuanhuigongbule《meidianditanhuagaizaojianshexingdongfangan（2024—2027nian）》。gaixingdongfanganzhizaituidongmeitanyushengwuzhichanshao、yulvanchanshao，yijitanbuji、liyonghechucun（ccus）sanzhonggongchengfangandeyingyong，yijiangdimeidianxingyedepaifangliang。

xingdongfanganhaiduimeidianfazhantichulemingquemubiao：dao2025nian，gaizaohoudemeidianxiangmutanpaifangqiangduyingjiao2023niandejizhunxianjiangdi20%；dao2027nian，jiangdi50%，yu“gengqingjie”deranqidianchangdepaifangqiangduxiangdang。

gaizhengcedechutai，shituidongmeidianxingyejiasuxiang“shuangtan”mubiaomaijindezhongyaoyibu，zaijienengjianpai、lvsefazhanfangmianyiyizhongda。

congchanyedejiaodukan，lianxidaociqianzhongzhongjucuo——congshuangtanmubiaotichuchuqideyanli“qumei”，daozhongxinquedingmeidianzaixinxingdianlixitongjianshezhongde“yacangshi”diwei，zaidaorujindeyiditanhuagaizaojiejuemeitanwurannanti——kemingxiankandaozhengcecengmianduimeidiandetaiduzaifashengzhuanxiang。

neime，zainengyuanbiangededazhuanxingshidaihebolanzhuangkuodetanzhonghejinchengzhong，meidiandaodiyaochongdangshenmeyangdejiaose？meidiandeweilaidaodizainali？benwentongguojieduyumeidianfazhanxiangguandezhengcezhiyin，shitulaikanqingmeidianweilaidezhenshimingyun。

低碳化改造的空间与成本

jiyumeidianzaiweilaihenzhangyiduanshijianneidoujiangshibaogongdezhuti，dianlilingyudetanpaifangyouhengao（zhandaole45%zuoyou），duimeidianjinxingditanhuagaizaoshibixude。

danshi，zheilimianyouyigekongjiandewenti：meidianjiangtandekongjianyouduoda？

huaxianengyuanwangzhuyidao，zhongguogongchengyuanyuanshipengsupingzaiyichangluntanyanjiangzhongtidao，2010nian，shirenmeiguozongtongaobamagongbuleqingjiedianlishengchanfa，tichuzaimeiguomeishengchan1qianwashidedianlieryanghuatanpaifangshi637ke。637ketanpaifangzhehechengbiaozhunmei210ke，yejidudianshaomeikongzhizai210ke。keshi，houlaimeiguohaishibeipofangqilezheitiaojiantanlujing，jiazhimeiguobaofaleyeyanqi、yeyanyougeming，meiguojinerzhuanxiangzhichigengjiaqingjiedeqidian。

neimezhongguoni？pengsupingyuanshizhichu，“shisanwu”shiqizhongguodianchangdedudianranmeimubiaoshi310ke，muqian，zhongguozuihaodedianchangdudianhaomeiliangshi270kezuoyou。danshi，pengsupingqiangdiao，“zhongguodadaozheiyangbiaozhundedianchangbudaowujia”。

muqianzhongguomeidiandudianhaomeishi300kezuoyou，《xingdongfangan》tichudemeidianditanhuagaizaoxiangqidiankanqi，dao2027nianmeidianchangdudianhaomeiliangjianban，neijiuxiangdangyududianhaomeixuyaojianbanzhi150kezuoyou。zheiyimubiaobiaobamazhengfutichude210kedemubiaoyaogengjinyibu，nanduwuyiyaodadeduo。

diergewenti，jinxingmeidianditanhuagaizaoxuyaodechengbenyouduogao？

yaoshixian《xingdongfangan》zhongtichudeditanhuamubiao，yangezhixingchanshaoshengwuzhi、chanshaolvanyijijiazhuangccussandaditanhuagaizaofangan，biranhuidafutuigaomeidianchengben，jinertuigaodianjia、zengjianengyuanzhuanxingdexitongchengben。

shengwuzhidenengliangmidudi，shouji、chucunheyunshukunnan，shengwuzhiranliaozhiyouzaiyouxiandeyunshubanjingneicaijuyoujingjikexingxing。zhengyinruci，xuduoshengwuzhifadianchangdoubujingji，yidanbutiegenbushang，jiuhuixianruyunyingkunjing。ruguoweilaimeidianchangjiarushengwuzhiranliaozhanju，shengwuzhiranliaojiagejiangbiaosheng。

“lvan”chanshaotongyangshidaijiajiaogaodejiejuefangan。lvandeshengchanchengbenhengao，erqie，tongguoshuidianjiezhibei“lvqing”（lvqingzaihechenglvan）deguochengjiqihaoneng，jinjiangkezaishengdianlizhuanhuawei“lvqing”jiuhuidaozhi40%delvdiannengliangsunshi。

jiazhuangccusyebuliwai。cileixiangmushidianguoquwangwangyougonggongzijinheguojifazhanzijinzizhu。shidianxiangmuzhengming，gaijishubujinchengbengaoang，erqiejiweihaoneng。jiangcizhongangguidejiejuefanganyingyongyuliyonglvbuduanxiajiang、yinglinenglibujiademeidianchang，qiyeyouduodajijixingyaodagedadadewenhao。

dangran，ruguonenggoubujidaijia、bujichengbendequzuo，daguimochanshaoshengwuzhi、chanshaolvanyijijiazhuangccus，jishimeidiandetanpaifangzuizhongwufaheqidianlaqi，danditanhuagaizaohaishinenggouqudehendaxiaoguode，zhishaoyaobixianzaidetanpaiyaodihenduo，zheishiyoujijiyiyide。

erditanhuagaizaodechengben，zuizhonghaishiyaoxunzhao“chukou”，yaomeshimeidianqiyefudan，youcizhongfanjuekuisun；yaomeshiwangxiayouzhuanyi，zuizhongbirantuigaodianjia。wulunnazhongxuanze，doushishuangtanzhuanxingxuyaofuchudedaijia。

从激进去煤到“先立后破”

“shuangtan”beijingxia，zuinannaniedeshimeidiandaodiyaozenmeyangqudingwei，meidianweilaiyaozouxianghefang？

shixianhuanjingyuqihoumubiao，libukaiduixingzhengshouduandegaoduyilai，erxingzhengdeshouduanwangwanghui“yidaoqie”。zaizhengce“zhihuibang”xia，chanyefengchaodailaideyingxiangshijingrende。zheizaimeidianchanyejinjiniandefazhanzhongbiaoxiandeyouweimingxian。

2020niandi，“shuangtan”mubiaochuluhou，difangzhengfuweiwanchengnenghaoshuangkongmubiao，gedikaishijijinqumei、xianmei，zaicengcengjiamahouchuandaozhidianlilingyu。youyudianligongyingjinzhang，2021niansansijidubaofalehanjiandedianhuang，duodizai6、7yuefenlazhaxiandian，dongbeidiqujumindezhengchangshenghuoyongdianshenzhidoushoudaoyingxiang。

quedianweijidetongshi，meidianqiyexianruleemengbandekuisunnitan。2021nian，quanbudianliyangqimeidianyewukuisunchaoqianyiyuan，2022nianquanguohuodianyouxukuile660yiyuan，ranmeifadianyeyouciyidushiquyinglinengli。

yibianshiquediannaodianhuang，yibianshimeidianqiyejuekuisun，zheiyinqilegaocengdezhongshi。2021nian10yuefenzhaokaideguowuyuanchangwuhuiyimingqueqiangdiao，yaobimianzhongdao“yundongshijianpai、jiantan”defuzhe，bimianduijingjifazhanzaochengjudachongji。qihou，xiangguanbumentichuleqihouzhengcetixide“1+n”moshi，“1”jiushifanduiyundongshijianpaiyujiantan，tichangjianlizhangxiaojizhi，yibimianduijingjizaochengjuliechongji。

zhengcesilubianhua，luozaimeidianshenshangzuiquanweidebiaoshujiushi“xianlihoupo”。zaidadaokuofushangmaxinnengyuandetongshi，meidiandedoudibaogongjiazhibeizhongxinmingquebingjiayiqiangdiao。zaizheiyangdesixiangzhidaoxia，jingguoyixiliezhengcediaozheng，meidianzai2023niankaishihuixueyingli，2024nianshangbannian，zhengtiyinglijibenmiandedaojinyibugonggu。

meidiandezuixindingwei，chuledoudibaogong，haiyaochengweilinghuozhichengxingdianyuan。zheishiyinwei，xinnengyuanfadianjuyousuijixing、jianxiexing、bodongxing，xuyaolinghuoxingdiaofengziyuanlaizhichengqifazhan。erzheifuzhongdan，weilaihenzhangshijianneidouzhinengyoumeidianlaikang。

wentishi，meidianbenshenyeyalizhongzhong，yifangmianhenduomeidianqiyehaiyouliyukuisunbianyuan；lingyifangmian，meidianzhichengxinnengyuanbixuyaojinxinglinghuoxinggaizao，yaorangduliyongxiaoshishujixinnengyuan。meijishenducanyudiaofeng，qiliyongxiaoshishujiuyaocongyuanlaide4500xiaoshijiangdao3000duoxiaoshi，zheiyouzhijiedailaishourujianshao。

ruherangmeidianqiyeyouyidingdejijixingzhudongzhichixinnengyuanfazhan？2023nian1yue1riqi，dongyixujiudemeidianrongliangdianjiazhongyudeyiluodizhixing，meidiandanyizhidianjiadiaozhengweiliangbuzhidianjia，qizhongdianliangdianjiatongguoshichanghuafangshixingcheng，lingminfanyingdianlishichanggongxu、ranliaochengbenbianhuadengqingkuang；rongliangdianjiagenjuzhuanxingjindudengshijiqingkuangheliqueding，chongfentixianmeidianduidianlixitongdezhichengdiaojiejiazhi，quebaomeidianxingyechixujiankangyunxing。（jianhuaxianengyuanwangciqianbaodao《zhengyimeidianrongliangdianjia：meidianxindingweixiadeliyizaifenpei｜shendu》）

yeneirenshidouqingchu，jiyumeidianyirongliangdianjiashidingzhejudayalichutaidezhengce。jinguanmuqianderongliangdianjiabiaozhunhaihendi，dudianzhiyou3.3fenqianzuoyou，danshiduiyutuidongmeidianzhuanbianjingyingfazhanmoshiyiyizhongda。tuichurongliangdianjiademude，haishi“xianlihoupo”，haishiweiledianlibaogong，haishiweilemeidiannenggouweixinnengyuantigongzhicheng。

meidianrongliangdianjialuodizhixinglebannian，tongshimeijiayejinyibuwending。2024nianshangbannian，meidianqiyezhengtiyinglidexingshidedaochubugonggu。zhengshizaizheizhuduolianghaojumianxia，meidianditanhuagaizaofanganjinluomigutuichu，shijixuanzeshang，juececenghuoxurenweimeidianyijingyounengliwanquanjiezhuzheiyizhongdanle。

再寻煤电准确定位

congzhengceyitukan，meidianjianshangdedanzihuozheshuojuececengxuyaomeidianqiyechengdandezeren，yijingfeichangqingxi：yishiquebaodianligongyingwending，zheishejidaonengyuananquan；ershizhudongrangduliyongxiaoshishu，jinxinglinghuoxinggaizao，baxinnengyuan“fushangma、songyicheng”；sanshimeidianhaiyaoditanhuagaizao，jianpaijiangtan，bunengtuotanzhonghedehoutui。

zheisanjianshi，meiyijiandouyaodailaichengbenzengjia，zhengtidechengbendaodiyouduoda，xianzaihaibuhaoshuo。danchengbenkendinghengao，gaodaomeidianqiyedamianjikuisunshifenfenzhongdeshier。

bichengbenhehuaqiangengyaomingdeshi，duoyuandeshenzhishibicixiangzuodezhengcexia，huixiangmeidianchuandichushenmeyangdexinhao？daodishiyaobaomeihaishiyaoqumei？baomeihequmeidefenjiedianzainali？

wentidehexin，haishizaimeidiandedingweishang。

yifangmian，meidianzaidianlibaogongzhongde“yacangshi”diweilaobukepo。

jiezhi2023niandi，jinguanzhongguodefengguangzhuangjidadaochuangjilude10.5yiqianwa，danshifadianliangjinyou1.46wanyidu，zaiquannianfadianzhongzhanbiwei15.8%。juzhongguogongchengyuanyuanshiliujizhendengrencesuan，dao2030nian，zhongguodeyongdianquekouhaiyou3wanyiduzhiju，haidekaomeidianlaiwendingdaju。yejiushishuo，meidiandezhulidiweihuijiaozhangshijiandecunzai。

lingyifangmian，shixian“shuangtan”mubiaoshijiandingbuyide，qumeishibirandeguocheng。congxianzaidao2060nian，zaidianliwengongqiantixia，lvdiandaimeiyaoqudeshizhixingjinzhan。

danyixiliezhichimeidiandezhengcediejiaditanhuagaizaojucuo，bijiangjinyibuyanzhangmeidiandeshouming。duimeidiangaizaotourudachengbenhou，huijinyibudailailiyijiegouguhua，biranhuidaozhituimeijinchenggengjiajiannan。

biru，meidianditanhuagaizao，yongchanshaokezaishengnengyuanyijijiazhuangccusdebanfa，qujiangdimeidianjizutanpaifangqiangdu，xiangdangyuyongkezaishengziyuanquweimeidian“xuming”，zheijiuyuyouxianfazhankezaishengnengyuandezhanlvesiluxiangweibeile。

zheibianshimeidianmianlindeliangnanchujing，jiyaodianlibaogong，youyaotuidonglvdiandaimei。erxuanyibukeneng，zhinengshizaituoxieheyaobaizhongwangqianzou，zuihoudejieguodagailvshilvdiandaimeidezhanlvebeichongdan，yanzhanglezhuanxingshijian、zengjiahenduodechengben。

zheigeliangnanwenti，youdaizhanlvejuecezhemenqujingzhunnaniebingzuochudingduo。nagedoubuhaoxuan，zuizhongdeyouliedeshi，zhinengliujishijianqujianyan。