界面新闻记者 | 张倩楠

界面新闻编辑 | 刘海川

2024nian9yue13ri，dishisijiequanguorenmindaibiaodahuichangwuweiyuanhuidishiyicihuiyitongguoquanguorenmindaibiaodahuichangwuweiyuanhuiguanyushishijianjinshiyanchifadingtuixiunianlingdejueding（xiacheng“jueding”）。

juedingmingque，tongbuqidongyanchinan、nvzhigongdefadingtuixiunianling，yongshiwunianshijian，zhubujiangnanzhigongdefadingtuixiunianlingcongyuanliushizhousuiyanchizhiliushisanzhousui，jiangnvzhigongdefadingtuixiunianlingcongyuanwushizhousui、wushiwuzhousuifenbieyanchizhiwushiwuzhousui、wushibazhousui。shishijianjinshiyanchifadingtuixiunianlingjianchixiaobudiaozheng、danxingshishi、fenleituijin、tongchoujiangudeyuanze。

如何应对老龄化问题？

ciqian，woguofadingtuixiunianlingweinanzhigong60zhousui、nvganbu55zhousui、nvgongren50zhousui。“zheishishangshiji50niandaigenjudangshiderenjunyuqishouming、laodongtiaojian、yonggongfangshidengquedingde。yu70duonianqiandeqingkuangxiangbi，dangqianrenjunyuqishouming、shoujiaoyunianxian、renkoujiegoujilaodongligongqiuguanxidoufashengleshenkebianhua。” zhongguolaodongheshehuibaozhangkexueyanjiuyuanyuanzhangmorongjieshouxinhuashecaifangshibiaoshi。

yuxinzhongguochenglichuqixiangbi，woguorenjunyuqishoumingcong40suizuoyoutigaodao78.6sui。yucitongshi，zhongguoxunsuburu“laolingshehui”。genju《2023nianminzhengshiyetongjigongbao》，zhongguo60suiyishanglaorenzhanbichao21%，65suiyishanglaorenzhan15.4%。ciwai，zhongguozaiburu“laolingshehui”（14%）shiderenjungdp（11188meiyuan）xianzhudiyuqitaguojia，biruriben29467meiyuan、meiguo55675meiyuan、deguo31212meiyuandeng。“weifuxianlao” tezhengmingxian。

“jijiyingduirenkoulaolinghuashiguojiazhanlve。chulegeticengmianzuohaojiankang、jingjihexinlizhunbeizhiwai，guojiayezaijijicaiqugexiangcuoshi，yanchituixiujiushiqizhongyigezhongyaocuoshi，shejirenliziyuangongjidiaozhenghegonggongyanglaojinzhidukechixufazhanlianggefangmian。” zhongguorenmindaxuerenkouyufazhanyanjiuzhongxinjiaoshousongjianxiangjiemianxinwenjieshao。

songjianbiaoshi，jiurenliziyuangongjidiaozhengeryan，yanchifadingtuixiunianlingzaiyidingchengdushangxiangdangyukuodalelaodongligongji，youzhuyumibuyouyulaodongnianlingrenkoufuzengzhanghelaodongzhetishengjiaoyunianxianyineryanchijinrugongzuogangweilianggeyinsusuozaochengdelaodongliziyuanbuzudewenti。

woguodelaodongnianlingrenkouzi2011niandadaofengzhihou，chixufuzengzhang，suizhejiaoxiaoguimochushengduiliedetuijin，weilailaodongnianlingrenkouhaihuijixujianshao。laodongnianlingrenkoudepingjunshoujiaoyunianxianbuduanyanzhang，2023nian，zhongguo16-59suilaodongnianlingrenkoudepingjunshoujiaoyunianxiandadaole11.05nian，zaijidatishenglaodongzhesuzhidetongshi，yeyanchilelaodongzhejinrugongzuogangweideshijian。

“jiugonggongyanglaojinzhidukechixuxingfazhanfangmian，yanchifadingtuixiunianlingzaiyidingchengdushangxiangdangyutongguoyanzhanggongzuoshijianhesuoduanlingquyanglaojinshijian，jianqingrenkoulaolinghuaduiyanglaojinzhidudeyali。” songjianbiaoshi，dangran，haixutongbutigaogonggongyanglaojindegongjinengli，rushixianquanguotongchou，zaiquanguofanweineishixiandiaoji，jiejuequyuyanglaojinyalibupinghengwenti；jiaqiangyanglaobaoxianjijindetouziguanli，shixianqibaozhizengzhi；youhuazhidusheji，kuodacanbaofugaimiandeng。

需要哪些保障措施？是否影响青年人就业？

juedingmingque，zhigongdadaozuidijiaofeinianxian，keyiziyuanxuanzedanxingtiqiantuixiu，tiqianshijianzuizhangbuchaoguosannian，qietuixiunianlingbudediyunvzhigongwushizhousui、wushiwuzhousuijinanzhigongliushizhousuideyuanfadingtuixiunianling。zhigongdadaofadingtuixiunianling，suozaidanweiyuzhigongxieshangyizhide，keyidanxingyanchituixiu，yanchishijianzuizhangbuchaoguosannian。guojialingyouguidingde，congqiguiding。shishizhongbudeweibeizhigongyiyuan，weifaqiangzhihuozhebianxiangqiangzhizhigongxuanzetuixiunianling。

“laodonglideyanchituixiuyiyuanjuyourenqunyizhixing，ketongguoziyuan、danxingyuanzejiayiyindao；butonggangweiduilaodonglishulianghesuzhideyaoqiujuedingleyanchituixiudedanxingkongjian。”songjianbiaoshi，yinci，laonianrennengfouyingduigongzuoxuyao，yishiqujueyugerenyiyuan，anzhaoziyuanyuanzeyanchihuozheruqituixiu；ershigenjugangweixuqiu，anzhaodanxingyuanzeyanchihuozheruqituixiu。

duiyuyanchifadingtuixiunianlingxuyaopeitaozhengcehebaozhangcuoshi，songjianrenwei，yishiwanshangangweixiediaojizhi。rugenjulaonianrendeshentizhuangkuanghegangweixuqiujinxingbiyaodegangweidiaozheng，jiangushengchanxiaolvbaozhanglaodongzhedeshenxinjiankang。ershiwanshanjiatingbaozhangjizhi。rufazhanpuhuituoyufuwutixi，huanjiejiatingtuoyudehouguzhiyou。sanshiwanshanyanglaobaozhangtixi。rutongchouchengxianghebutongzhiyexingzhidelaonianrendetuixiujindaiyu，shirenrendounenglaoyousuoyang。shangshupeitaohebaozhangcuoshijiangyouzhuyuzhengceshishideyouxiaoxinghekechixuxing。

zhidetebieguanzhudeshi，juedingqiangdiao，guojiashishijiuyeyouxianzhanlve，cujingaozhiliangchongfenjiuye。wanshanjiuyegonggongfuwutixi，jianquanzhongshenzhiyejinengpeixunzhidu。zhichiqingnianrenjiuyechuangye，qianghuadalinglaodongzhejiuyegangweikaifa，wanshankunnanrenyuanjiuyeyuanzhuzhidu。jiaqiangduijiuyenianlingqishidefangfanhezhili，jiliyongrendanweixinagengduodalinglaodongzhejiuye。

“yingduilaolinghuashiguojiazhanlve，chongfenjiuyeyeshiguojiazhanlve，erzhebingbuduili，ershidouyaozuohao。” nankaidaxuejingjixueyuanjiaoshou、zhongguorenkouxuehuifuhuizhangyuanxinxiangjiemianxinwenbiaoshi。

“yanchituixiushijianjinshituijinde，bingbuhuiduijiuyeshichangzaochengturandechongji。”songjianrenwei，yingxiangqingnianjiuyedeyinsuzhuyaoyouhongguanjingjixingshi、chanyejiegoubianhua、laodonglishichanggongxu、qingnianjiuyeguannianyujiuyenenglideng，yibaneryan，qingnianhelaonianrendejiuyegangweizhongdiedubugao，yanchituixiubuhuiduiqingnianjiuyechanshengzhijieyingxiang。

zhongguorenmindaxuejiaoshoudongkeyechixiangtongdeguandian，tarenwei，qingnianjiuyegangweizhuyaoyikaojingjifazhandezengliangerfeicunlianglaitigong。“nianqingrenhedalinglaodongzheqinglaidexingyeyoujiaocha，danzhongdiedubingbugao。nianqingrengengyuanyiquhulianwang、shuzijingji、xinxingchanyedengjiuye。”

宋健表示，在一些体制内单位，职称和职务的名额限制可能会使得延迟退休者与青年晋升者之间产生一定冲突，国家可以合理调整职称和职务相关规定，避免造成代际冲突，保障青年的晋升渠道不会受到影响，从而保障延迟退休制度的顺利实施。