界面新闻记者 | 王玉

界面新闻编辑 | 崔宇

编者按：“跨境电商”正成为中国外贸增长的新引擎。跨境电商进出口总额占货物贸易进出口的比重，已从2015年的1%增长到2023年的5.7%。由于各地的区位优势、要素禀赋和产业结构等存在较大差异，在推动跨境电商转型发展方面面临着不同的机遇和挑战。界面新闻/界面智库推出的“高质量出海——中国城市跨境电商转型案例库”系列报道，将通过案例和数据分析的形式，聚焦重点城市的跨境电商政策体系、发展路径和企业诉求等，并尝试提出有针对性的政策建议。

zaiquanguo165gekuajingdianshangzongheshiyanqudepingguzhong，qingdaoyiqizhuoyuedebiaoxianlianxuliangnianzonghepaimingweijudiyidang，gongguleqi“beifangkuajingdianshangdiyicheng”dediwei。2023nian，qingdaoshikuajingdianshangjinchukouzhengtiguimochao850yiyuan，tongbizengzhangyue36％；2024niandiyijidu，qingdaokuajingdianshangjinchukouzengsujixutisheng，jinchukouzongeda64.5yiyuan，tongbizengzhang58.7%。

qingdaodechuantongwaimaoqiyezaixiangkuajingdianshangzhuanxingdeguochengzhong，zhanxianchuledutedeyoushi。qingdaogangzuoweizhongguobeifangdediyidagangkou，bujinshiguoneizhongyaodewaimaochukoushuniu，yeshilianjieyaoudaluqiaodongyinxiandehaishangmenhu。gangkoudegaoxiaoyunzuohexianjindewuliutixi，rangqingdaojujiledaliangdewaimaoqiye，yituoshandongquanshengdetesechanyedai，yerangqingdaofazhankuajingdianshangyouleqiangdadechanyejichu。

ciwai，zaiduiribenhehanguodemaoyizhong，youyuqingdaodutedediyuanyoushi，dabufenqingdaoqiyeduirihanshichangdouyouzheshenrudelejiehechengshudeyunyingjingyan，zheiyeweiqingdaofazhankuajingdianshangtigonglebianlidetiaojian。

zi2016nianqingdaoshelikuajingdianzishangwuzongheshiyanquyilai，dangdiqiyebuduanjinxingchuangxinhetansuo，youqicong2020nianhou，qingdaodekuajingdianshangyetaimaixiangleyigekuaisufazhandejieduan。qingdaodekuajingdianshangqiyesuoxingchengdedutejingyanhezuofa，bujinjuyoudifangtese，erqieshikefuzhiheketuiguangde，weiqingdaonaizhizhenggeshandongshengdewaimaoxingyefazhanzhurulexindedongli，

转型跨境电商，从“可选项”到“必选项”

yiqingzheige“heitiane”shijianshenkegaibianlehaiwaixiaofeizhedegouwuxiguan，yerangqingdaoqiyecongchuantongwaimaoxiangkuajingdianshangzhuanxingdebufazhubujiakuai。qingdaohaiguanshujuxianshi，2020nian，qingdaotongguohaiguankuajingdianshangguanlipingtaijinchukouedadaole54.2yiyuan，tongbizengsudadaolejingrende688%。zuixinshujuxianshi，2023nianqingdaoshikuajingdianshangjinchukouzhengtiguimochao850yiyuan，zhanqingdaoshiwaimaojinchukouzongebizhongyue9.8%，chengweiladongquanshiwaimaowenzengtizhidezhongyaoyinqing。

zaizhuanxingguochengzhong，qingdaoqiyejinglilecong“kexuanxiang”dao“bixuanxiang”dezhuanbian。xuduoqiyeyuanbenzhijiangkuajingdianshangshiweifuzhudexiaoshouqudao，danxianzaiyuelaiyueduodeqiyeyijiangqizuoweizhuyaodeyewufazhanfangxiang。

xinpatenasi（qingdao）jiajushipinyouxiangongsiyuanbenshiyijiachuantongwaimaoqiye，zhuanzhuyujiayongfangzhipindeshengchanyuxiaoshou。zai2015zhi2016nianjian，jinguanyiyoudianshangpingtaijiechubingbiaodahezuoyixiang，danyouyudangshichuantongmaoyiyewuwending，gongsibingweiduikuajingdianshangqudaojiyuzugoudezhongshi。“suizheyiqingdebaofa，chuantongmaoyishoudaolejiaodadechongji，dingdanliangjijuxiajiang，zheituidonggongsikaishixunqiuxindeyewuzengzhangdian。muqian，gongsiyijingzaiyamaxundengguojizhimingdianshangpingtaishangkaizhanyewu，tansuogengguangkuodeguojishichang。”patenasipinpaichuangshirenliyonggaosujiemianxinwen。

tongyangyinweiyiqingyinsu，qingdaoyousiteguojimaoyiyouxiangongsiyecongchuantongmaoyizhuanxingdaokuajingdianshang。erzheiyizhanlvezhuanbiandeyiyugongsizaiduiribenjiafangchukoumaoyizhongjileideshenhouyoushi，gaichanyeyichengweileqingdaonaizhizhenggeshandongshengdeyoushichanye。

gongsizongjingliyaozhirongxiangjiemianxinwenbiaoshi，zi2007nianqi，gongsizhuanzhuyujiafanghejiajuchanpindeshengchan，bujinjileilefengfudexingyejingyan，yejianlilewengudekehujichu。2020nian，suizheshichanghuanjingdebianhua，gongsibawoshiji，chenggongdijiangyewutuozhandaokuajingdianshanglingyu。zheicizhuanxingjishijiyugongsixianyoukehuzaidianshangpingtaishangdechenggongjingyan，yeshiweilezengqiangzaiguojimaoyizhongdequdaozizhuquan。

“womende2 bkehuzhongyouyibufenhenzaojiuzaiyamaxundengdianshangpingtaishangjinxingxiaoshou，zheiweiwomenduichanpindelijietigongleqingxiderenshi。worenwei，zheizhongzhuanxingbenzhishangshiduixiaoshouqudaodetuozhan，shiqiyenenggouzizhujuedingxiaoshoudechanpinhefangshi。”yaozhirongshuo。

yaozhirongzhichu，ruguocongxiaoshouedejiaodulaikan，2 cduandechengxiaobi2 bduangengweimingxian。“jiasheyijianshangpindechengbenshi4meijin，zai2 bmoshixia，womendexiaoshouejibenyejiushi4meijinzuoyou。raner，zai2 cmoshixia，ruguonenggouzaiyamaxunzheizhongdianshangpingtaishangshouchutongyangshuliangdeshangpin，zheijianchengben4meijindeshangpinkeyimaidao12meijinyishang。”tacheng。

ciwai，duiyuzhuanxingguochengzhongcunzaidetiaozhan，tarenwei，jianyu2 byu2 cyewumoshidegenbenchayi，xuyaoqiyecaiyongquanxindelingshousiweifangshi。jinguan2 byewuzhongchengbenkongzhihechanpinzhiliangguanlishiyoushi，danzai2 cmoshizhong，zheixieyoushiruobunengjieheyouxiaodedianshangyunyingcelve，kenenghuizhuanhuaweilieshi。

mianduizheiyitiaozhan，fengyishun（qingdao）kejijituanyouxiangongsidongshizhang、qingdaoshikuajingdianzishangwuxiehuichangwufuhuizhanggaizebo，fenxiangletasuozaiqiyedeyingduicelve。tazhichu，qiyeyingjiang2 cdeyunyingmoshihe2 bdeshichangbakongnenglixiangjiehe，yishiyingkuajingdianshangdetedian。

gaigongsizuoweiyijiagongmaoyitihuaqiye，bujinchenggongdijiangzishenchanpinruxiangxun、lazhudengtuixianglekuajingpingtai，haizhengheleqitagongyingshangdechanpinziyuan，goujianleyigeduoyanghuadechanpinzuhe。zheizhongcelvebujinfengfulechanpinxian，yezengqiangleqiyezaikuajingdianshanglingyudejingzhengli。ciwai，2bhe2cyewushixianghucujinxiangfuxiangchengde，fazhan2cyewukeyijishibuzhuodaokehuxihaoheshichangqushi，yigenghaodibangzhu2byewugaijinchanpin。

“womenyuanbenzhuanzhuyu2 bdeyewu，mianduishichangjingzhengderiyijiaju，zai2021nianjuedingtuozhan2 cyewubankuai，yizengqiangqiyedeshichangjingzhengli。zheiyizhuanxingzuichushitongguodisanfangdaiyunyinggongsijinxingchangshi，suihouqiyejuedingzijianyunyingtuandui，shenhuaduidianshanglingyudetouru。”gaizeboshuo。tayezhichu，yuchuantongdejingyingmoshixiangbi，kuajingdianshangmoshizailirunshangyoumingxiandetigao。

jinnianlai，qingdaoshizhengtongguoyixiliezhengce，jiasutuidongchuantongmaoyiqiyexiangkuajingdianshangxingyedezhuanxing。qingdaoshishangwujudianzishangwuchuxiangguanfuzerenduijiemianxinwenbiaoshi，2023nian，zhongguo（qingdao）kuajingdianzishangwuzongheshiyanqujijixiangyingguojiahaozhao，shenrushishi《guowuyuanbangongtingguanyutuidongwaimaowenguimoyoujiegoudeyijian》ji《shandongshengrenminzhengfubangongtingguanyuyinfashandongshengkuajingdianshangyueshengfazhanxingdongjihua（2023—2025nian）》dengzhongyaozhengcewenjian。zheixiezhengcedechutai，zhizaiwanshankuajingdianshangdezhengcebaozhangtixi，youhuaxingyefazhanhuanjingheshengtai，cujinchukoupinzhishengji，fuwuwaimaogongzuodaju，“kuajingdianshangyijingchengweiqingdaoshiwaimaofazhandexindongneng、zhuanxingshengjixinyinqing、gaozhiliangfazhanxinzhuashou”，

qingdaoshishangwujudianzishangwuchuxiangguanfuzerenhaiduijiemianxinwenbiaoshi，muqianqingdaoshiwaimaoqiyezaigedazhuliukuajingdianshangpingtaikaishechao25000gedianpu（dulizhan），2023nianshixiankuajingdianshangjiaoyiechao850yiyuan。baokuozaiyamaxunkaishedianpuchao10000ge，xingchengkuajingdianshangjiaoyieyue190yi；zaizhongguozhizaowangkaishedianpuyue2800ge，xingchengkuajingdianshangjiaoyieyue220yideng。

duiyukuajingdianshangpingtai，zaiqingdaoshishangwuju、shicaizhengju2023nianzhidingde《qingdaoshiguanyujiakuaituijinkuajingdianshanggaozhiliangfazhanruoganzhengcecuoshideshishixize》zhongmingquebiaoshi，huoping2022nianshengzhongdianpeiyudekuajingdianshangpingtai、chanyeyuanzhutijiyuzuigaobuchaoguo50wanyuanjiangli。qizhong，duihuoping2022nianshengzhongdianpeiyudekuajingdianshangpingtaijiyu10wanyuandejichuxingjiangli，duihuopingshangshurongyuqieniandukuajingdianshangjinchukouguimodadao3000wanyuandekuajingdianshangpingtai，jiyuzuigaobuchaoguo20wanyuanfuchi，dadao5000wanyuandekuajingdianshangpingtai，jiyuzuigaobuchaoguo50wanyuanfuchi。

zheixiecuoshibujinweiqiyetigongleshishizaizaidejingjizhichi，gengchuandichuqingdaoshizhengfutuidongkuajingdianshangfazhan、cujinwaimaozhuanxingshengjidejiandingjuexin。

深耕日韩贸易，打造北方跨境电商桥头堡

qingdaozuoweizhongguobeifangdezhongyaogangkouchengshi，zaifazhanduirihankuajingdianshangfangmianjuyouxianzhudequweiyoushi。

yaozhirongduijiemianxinwentidao，qingdaozuoweikuajingdianshangdezhongyaochengshi，qidiweizaibeifangyouweituchu。tazhichu，qingdaozaiduiribenjiafangchanpinchukoufangmianzhanjulingxiandiwei，congqingdaogangchukouribendejiafangchanpinzhanbikenenggaoda70%yishang。ciwai，qingdaodiqudejiafangchanpinzaiyamaxundengkuajingdianshangpingtaishangdezhanbiyeweijuguoneiqianlie，xianshichuqingdaozaizheiyilingyudeqiangdajingzhengli。

qingdaoshijinchukouqiyeshanghuihuizhangyuchaoduijiemianxinwenbiaoshi，qingdaozuoweizhongguodisandajizhuangxianggangkouchengshi，yongyouxianzhudehaiyundiliyoushi。zheiyidiweiweiyilaihaiyundeshangjiamendailailechengbenxiaoyi，youqishizaizhangzhouqihedaxinghuowudekuajingyunshufuwushang。suiranqingdaozaikongyunjingzhenglifangmianbingbutuchu，danqihaigangdeyunshunengliyiranweidazongguojimaoyitigongleyoulidezhichi。

yaozhirongjinyibubuchongcheng，qingdaodiliweizhideyoushizaiduiribendechuanyunsudushangdedaolechongfentixian。yuyuanyangyunshuzhimeiguoxiangbi，qingdaozhiribendehangchengxianzhugengduan，zijinzhouzhuanlvyegengweigaoxiao。jutilaikan，huowuyunwangmeiguokenengxuyaozhangda1geyue，erdaodaribenzejinxu10tian，congzijinzhouzhuankan，meiguodagaizai3-4geyue，ribenzejinwei1geyue。zheiyixianzhudeyoushi，duiyuxuyaokuaisuzijinhuiliuheshichangxiangyingdeqiyelaishuo，shiyigejudadexiyinli。

“ciwai，jinguanqingdaoduihanguodeyewumuqianzhuyaojuxianyu2 blingyu，danyiyouqiyekaishitansuoxianshanghexianxiajiehededuoyuanhuayewumoshi。zheibiaoming，qingdaobujinzaiduirimaoyizhongyongyouwuliuheshijianshangdeyoushi，zaiduihanmaoyizhongyezhanxianchuqidiliheshichangdeshuangzhongqianli。”yaozhirongcheng。

yucitongshi，congribenyamaxunzhandiankan，shandongdekuajingdianshangzengsushiquanguodiyi，zheiyizengsuyideyiyushandongyuribendejuliyoushi，yijidangdiqiyeduiribenshichangdeshenkelejiehechengshudegongyingliantixi。

liyongjinyibubiaoshi，ribenxiaofeizheyumeiguoxiaofeizhezaigouwuxiguanshangcunzaichayi，tebieshiribenshichangduishangpinpinglundezhongshichengdufeichanggao。“zairiben，pinglunhekoubeidezhiliangbeikandefeichangzhongyao。zheiweiwomenzheixiegongmaoyitideqiyejinruribenshichangtigongleyoushi，yinweiwomennenggouzhijiekongzhichanpindezhiliang。”tacheng。

duiyuqingdaosuoyongyoudequweiyoushi，qingdaoshishangwujudianzishangwuchuxiangguanfuzerenduijiemianxinwenbiaoshi，qingdaopingjieqijinlinrihandediliyoushihefadadegangkou，yichubugoujianqiyigejihai、lu、kong、tie、youdengduozhongyunshufangshiyuyitidezonghewuliushuniu。tebieshi“shandongzimaoquqingdaopianquhangkongwuliuchaojihuozhan”xiangmu，yijingtongguolezhuanjiapinggu，gaixiangmujiangjidajianhuakuajingdianshangchukouliucheng，shixianshangpinde“yicishenbao、yicichayan、yicifangxing”，bingtuidong“qugangliandong”dehangkongwuliufuwutixijianshe，jiakuaidazaodongbeiyaguojijidiwuliushuniu。

xihaianbaoshuiwuliuzhongxinyikaitongzhijianadaduolunduo、meiguoniuyue、ribendabandekuajingdianshangbaojiyewu，meizhouyou13bancidegaopinyunshunengli，qunianyileijiyunsongchaoguo4wandunhuowu。qingdaojiaodongguojijichangyexinzenglezhifalankefu、duolunduo、niuyuedequanhuojihangxian，shiqingdaoshidequanhuojihangxianzongshudadao11tiao。

ciwai，《qingdaoshi“shisiwu”shangmaoliutongyefazhanguihua》zhongzhuanmentidaoyaodazaotishengzhongrihanxiaofeizhuanqu。《guihua》tichu，zhuazhuguojiajixutuijinzhongrihanziyoumaoyiqujianshejiyu，tongguoxianyoukuajingdianshangpingtai，xiyinkuajingdianshangshangxiayouqiyeluohu，wanshanchanyeshengtaiquan。jinyibukuodarihanmeizhuang、yiyao、baojianpin、wenhuayishudenggaodangxiaofeipinjinkouguimo，manzujuminxiaofeishengjixuqiu，tuidongzhongrihanxiaofeizhuanqutizhishengji。

推动跨境电商高质量发展，青岛还需做哪些努力？

qingdaoshijinchukouqiyeshanghuihuizhangyuchaobiaoshi，qingdaoxiangguanzhengfubumenyijingzhanxianchuleduikuajingdianshangxingyededalizhichihejijitaidu，“zheishifeichangzhidekendingde”。tongshi，tayezhichu，zaizhengcedekaifangxingheshiyingxingfangmian，yuyixienanfangchengshixiangbi，qingdaohaiyoujinyibutishengdekongjian。

yuchaojianyi，zhengfukeyitongguojinyibumingquezhengcefangxiang，jiasuxinzhengcedechuandahezhixing，bangzhuqiyegenghaodilijieheyingyongzheixiezhengce，congerjiangdiqiyezaijingyingguochengzhongkenengyudaodefengxian。ciwai，taqiangdiao，zhengfuzhiqiansuochengnuodezhichicuoshihejianglizhengceruguonenggoujishiluoshi，jiangjidaditishengqiyedexinxin，bingjifatamendehuolihechuangzaoli。

yuchaohairenwei，rencaishikuajingdianshangchenggongdeguanjian，muqianqingdaozaizheifangmiancunzaiduanque，tebieshiquefagaoduanyunyinghezhanlveguihuarencai。tajianyizhengfucaiqucuoshixiyinhepeiyangzhuanyerencai，gaishanshenghuohegongzuohuanjing，yicujinrencaidehuiliuhejuji。“zhengfuhexingyexiehuiyingtigonggengduodejiaoyupeixunziyuan，fenxiangchenggonganli，bangzhuqiyezaiyewubujuhezhanlveguihuashangzuochugengmingzhidejuece。”tacheng。

duiyurencaipeiyangdetongdian，chanyegefangyexingchengleyixiegongshi，yifangmian，congqiyepeiyangguanlizhedejiaodulaikan，zaijiazushijingyingdechuantonggongchangzhong，yuandingdejiazudierdaijichengrenshangweizhengshichengdanqiqiyedelingdaoheguanlizeren，lingyifangmian，qingdaokuajingdianshangxingyedekuaisufazhanyedailaileduizhuanyerencaidepoqiexuqiu。

chuleshangshutongdian，lingyimingmaijialiyongzejianyi，zhengfuyingjiaqiangchanyeyuanqujianshe，weikuajingdianshangqiyetigonggenghaodewulikongjianhejichusheshizhichi。

“nenghangaiwomenzheizhongjizijishengchan，youzuokuajingdianshangleixingdechanyeyuanhaibijiaoshao。dagaixianzaiwolejiedaodezuokuajingdianshangdechanyeyuan，chuleyinjinlaijinizhengcediejiabangonggongnengzhiwai，zuiduodejiushicangchugongnengle，youshengchangongnengdeyinggaibuduo，zheikenengyeshiweilaichanyeyuanxuyaojinyibuwanshande。”liyongcheng。

ciwai，liyonghaiqiangdiaolechanyeronghedezhongyaoxing。tarenwei，zaixindeshichanghuanjingxia，wulunshichuantongshengchanxingqiyehaishikuajingdianshangqiye，douxuyaobuduanchuangxinhediaozhengzhanlve，yishiyingquanqiuhuamaoyidexinqushi。

liyongbiaoshi，weilaishengchanxingqiyezaikuajingdianshangdelangchaozhongyingcaiquzhudong，tongguojianlizhuanmendekuajingdianshangbumenlaibawoxindeshichangjiyu。zheiyangdebumenjiangzhuanzhuyuxianshangshichangdetuozhanheyunying，liyonghulianwangdeyoushi，zhijiechujiquanqiuxiaofeizhe。tongshi，neixiezaikuajingdianshanglingyuyijingqudelingxiandiweideqiye，weilaikenenghuikaolvtongguojianlizijideshengchanxianhuoshougougongchanglaijinyibugongguqishichangdiwei。

weilemanzumaijiaquntizaibutongyunyingjieduandechayihuaxuqiu，yamaxunspnfuwushangwangluoyezaichixuyouhua。tongguoyouxuanfugaiwuliu、haiwaicangchu、heguishuiwu、yingxiaotuiguang、yunyingzhichi、jinrongdeng7gedaleidedisanfangfuwushang，yamaxunspnfuwushangwangluoweimaijiatigongquanyewushengmingzhouqizhichi，shimaijiakeyizhuanzhuyuhexinyewu，tishengxiaoshouyeji，jiangdiyunyingchengben，zengqiangjingzhengli。zi2021nianjianlizhijin，yamaxunspnfuwushangwangluoyihuijulejin300jiagaozhiliangdefuwushang。

针对上述建议，青岛市商务局电子商务处相关负责人表示，下一步已研究制定《加快推进中国(青岛)跨境电商综合试验区高质量发展行动计划（2024-2026年）》，实施跨境电商综试区高质量发展“八大行动”。研究起草新一轮《关于加快推进跨境电商高质量发展若干政策措施的实施细则》，在保留原有支持内容的基础上，加大对跨境电商综合服务平台、保税备货进口、海外仓建设等方面的支持力度，厚植跨境电商创新发展新沃土。在实施市场主体zhaoyinpeiyuxingdongyouyixiasanxiangjucuo：

yishizhaoyinkuajingdianshangtoubuqiye。jingzhunzhaoyinkuajingdianshangpingtai、damaijia、zonghefuwuhexiandaiwuliudengzhongdianxiangmuhechanyelianhexinqiye，zaiqingsheliquyuzongbu、yunyingzhongxin、chuangxinzhongxinhefenbozhongxindeng，zhichizhongdianxiangmu“yishiyiyi”zhengce。

二是培育壮大本地企业。加大对省级跨境电商市场主体fuwulidu，peiyuyipibendilongtou、biaoganqiye，duijuyouyidingguimo、daidongzuoyongqiangdekuajingdianshangqiyejiyuzhengcezhichi。zhichiguoyouqiye、daxingshangmaoqiye、chuantongwaimaoqiyedengkaizhanshuzihuashengji，tongguojianshedulizhan、shangxiankuajingpingtaidengfangshifazhankuajingdianshang。

sanshijianshetesechanyeyuanqu。gequshijiehezaitiziyuanhechanyeyoushi，zhengheshengjikuajingdianshangchanyeyuan，tishengchanyejijuchengduhezonghefuwunengli，dazaoyoutese、gaonengji、fusheqiangdeshifanyuanqu。

ciwai，congbaoguanfangshishangkan，duoweiqingdaoqiyefuzerenduijiemianxinwenbiaoshi，dangqianxuduoqiyerengxiguanshiyongchuantongfangshierfeizhuanweikuajingdianshangshejidebaoguandaima。

duici，qingdaoshishangwujudianzishangwuchuxiangguanfuzerenhuiyingcheng，xiayibujiangjianlihaiguan、shuiwu、waihui、wuliudengyitihuaxinxigongxiangjizhi，jiaqiangduishenbaoliuchenghepeitaozhengcedexuanjiangyuyewuzhidao，yindaoqiyeheguikaizhankuajingdianshangjinchukouyewu。

zairencaizhengcefangmian，gaifuzerenbiaoshi，jiangdingqijubankuajingdianshangchuangxinchuangyedasai，gulichuangyeqingnianjijitoushenkuajingdianshangmoshichuangxin。dingqizuzhizhenduikuajingdianshangrencaidezhuanchangzhaopinhuodong，dajiankuajingdianshangrencaishuangxuanpingtai，weikuajingdianshangqiyeherencaitigongduijiepingtai，chixuwanshankuajingdianshangrencaipeiyanghefuwutixi，changtongkuajingdianshangrencaigongxuqudao，youhuajiuyehuanjing。fahuixingyexiehuizuoyong，meiniandingqijubanqingdaokuajingdianshangjiaoyibolanhui，dazaobeifangkuajingdianshangdiyizhan，xiyingengduojingneiwaikuajingdianshangtoubuqiye、zhizaoshang、fuwushangdengzaiqingkaizhanziyuanduijie。

相关专题：高质量出海——中国城市跨境电商转型案例库