界面新闻记者 | 刘林

界面新闻编辑 | 崔宇

编者按：2024年9月召开的中央政治局会议提出，要帮助企业渡过难关，进一步规范涉企执法、监管行为；要出台民营经济促进法，为非公有制经济发展营造良好环境。继2023年民企大调研之后，界面新闻和界面智库2024年10月起再次开展年度民营企业发展现状调研，以了解民营企业最新发展动态以及政策和法律诉求，助力民企渡过难关（欢迎扫描下图二维码，以匿名方式参与本次调研）。 本文为2024民企大调研系列报道的第一篇，旨在通过官方统计数据梳理民间投资的发展现状，以及行业和区域特征。

2024nianqiansanjiduwoguogdptongbizengzhang4.8%，jiaoshangniantongqihuiluole0.4gebaifendian。jinguanjingjizengzhangsudujiaoshangniantongqiyousuofanghuan，dangudingzichantouzitongbizengsufanerlveyoushangsheng，qiansanjidutongbizengzhang3.4%，jiaoshangniantongqijiakuaile0.3gebaifendian。

minjiantouzizuoweigudingzichantouzidezhuyaozuchengbufen，2024niandebiaoxianjiujingruhe？zaikouchufangdichantouzihou，minjiantouzihuifudechengseruhe？

即便扣除房地产投资，民间投资同比增速也较上年同期有所回落。qiansanjidu，minjiangudingzichantouzitongbizengsusuijiaoshangniantongqishangshengle0.4gebaifendian，danrengmeiyouhuifuzhengzengzhang，jiangfuwei0.2%。kouchufangdichankaifatouzihou，minjiangudingzichantouziqueshibiaoxiandegenghao，qiansanjidutongbizengsuwei6.4%，danyushangniantongqixiangbirengxiajiangle2.7gebaifendian；yukouchufangdichankaifatouzidequanguogudingzichantouzitongbizengsuxiangbi，yedile1.3gebaifendian。

民间投资进一步减少、在固定资产投资中的占比继续下降，不过降幅明显放缓。2024nianqiansanjidu，minjiangudingzichantouziwanchengewei19.1wanyiyuan，zaiquanguogudingzichantouziwanchengezhongdebizhongwei50.4%，erzhejiaoshangnianfenbiexiajiang2400yiyuanhe1.17gebaifendian，jiangfujiaoshangniantongqidafushouzhai。2023nianqiansanjidu，minjiangudingzichantouziwanchengetongbijianshao3.86wanyiyuan、zhanbixiajiang3.5gebaifendian。zi2019nianminjiangudingzichantouziwanchengeshoucichuxianjianshaoyilai，chu2022nianweizengjia4570yiyuanwai，qitanianfenjiangfudouzai1.6wanyiyuanyishang。

从企业注册类型来看，民间投资分化较为明显。jinnianqiansanjidu，zhiyousiyinggufenyouxiangongsiyujitisuoyouzhiqiyetouzigaosuzengzhang，fenbieshixianle28.7%、28.4%detongbizengsu，qitarugetigongshanghu、gerenduziqiye、sirenyouxianzerengongsi、gufenhezuoqiye、hehuoqiyedetouzitongbidouzaixiajiang，jiangfuyiciwei12.4%、43.3%、6.8%、58.7%、40.9%。

yushangnianxiangbi，getigongshanghugudingzichantouzitongbijiangfujinyibukuoda，zaishangnianxiajiang7.9%dejichushangjinyibuxiajiang12.4%；gufenhezuoqiyetouzitongbizengsucongshangnianzengzhang5.5%，nizhuanweixiajiang58.7%。

从行业来看，民间投资的结构化特征较为突出。zaisandachanyezhong，tuoleiminjiantouzidezhuyaoshidisanchanye，2024nianqiansanjiduminjiangudingzichantouzitongbixiajiang8.9%，jiangfujiaoshangniantongqikuoda2.8gebaifendian；diyichanyeminjiantouzizengsuzecongshangniantongqidetongbixiajiang11.1%nizhuanweijinniandetongbizengzhang4.8%，dierchanyebiaoxiangengweituchu，zaishangniantongqitongbizengzhang9.5%dejichushangjinyibujiasuzengzhang，jinnianqiansanjidushixian13.2%detongbizengsu。yuquanguosandachanyegudingzichantouzixiangbi，minjiantouzibiandongfudugengda，“mataixiaoying”mingxian。

disanchanyeminjiantouzizhisuoyixiajiang，zhuyaoshiyinweifangdichantouzihaizaixiajiang。yucitongshi，jiaotongyunshu、cangchuheyouzhengye，shuili、huanjinghegonggongsheshiguanliyedeminjiantouzisuirandoushixianlezengzhang，dandoumanyutongxingyequanguotouzizengsu。buguo，disanchanyezhong，wenhua、tiyuheyuleyedeminjiantouzizengsugaoyutongxingyedequanguozengsu。

dierchanyeminjiantouzizhuyaoshouyiyuzhizaoyeyu“dianli、reli、ranqijishuideshengchanhegongyingye”。qianzhezaishangnianqiansanjidutongbizengzhang9%dejichushangjinyibujiasuzengzhang（11.6%），biaoxianmingxianhaoyuquanguozhizaoyetouzi（congshangnianqiansanjidude6.2%daojinnianqiansanjidude9.2%）。houzhezaishangnianqiansanjidutongbizengzhang17.7%dejichushangyouzengzhang34.5%，ertongqitongxingyequanguozengsulveyoufanghuan。shoufangdichankaifatouzituolei，jianzhuyeminjiantouzibuzengfanjiang，cong2023nianqiansanjidudezengzhang19.9%nizhuanweixiajiang11.3%，tongqitongxingyequanguotouzizejixuzhengzengzhang，zhishizengsuyousuohuiluo。

zaizhizaoyezhong，zhuyaoxifenxingyedeminjiantouzizengsudaduojiaoshangnianjiasu。qizhong，tielu、chuanbo、hangkonghangtianheqitayunshushebeizhizaoyedeminjiantouzizengsuzuigao，dadao41.5%，jiaoshangniantongqishangshengyu40gebaifendian，yebitongxingyequanguozengsugaojin10gebaifendian；yousejinshuyelianjiyayanjiagongyeminjiantouzitongbizengsujiaoshangniantongqijiakuai16.3gebaifendianzhi19.4%；tongyongshebeizhizaoyeminjiantouzijiaoshangniantongqijiakuai11.5gebaifendianzhi16%。buguo，qichezhizaoyeminjiantouzizengsufanghuanzhi6%，danrenggaoyutongxingyequanguozengsu。

私人投资对不同地区的边际偏好存在显著差异。congguojiatongjijuzuixinfabude《zhongguotongjinianjian2024nian》laikan，2023nian，gediqudesirenkonggugudingzichantouzidezengzhangsuduqujiancongtongbixiajiang23.8%daotongbizengzhang16.3%，zuidachajuyu40gebaifendian。

chaoguoquanguosirenkonggutouzizengsu（0.1%）deshengfenyou15ge，qizhong，zengsuchaoguo10%deshengfenyousige，baokuoxizang、shanghai、xinjiangheneimenggu，zhiyoushanghaiyigedongbushengshi，qitajunweixibushengfen；ningxia、hubei、shandongzengsuxiangjin，junzai7%-7.5%zhijian，paizaidi4-7wei；jiangsu、hainan、guangdongdengsangedongbushengfenzengsuzai5.0%-5.3%zhijian。

qiyu16geshengshizizhiqudesirenkonggugudingzichantouzidouchuxianxiajiang，anhui、henantongbixiajiangbuzu1%，shanxixiajiang1.3%，yunnan、shanxi、guizhou、beijingdetongbixiajiangfuduzai4.4%-8%zhijian，fujian、sichuanjiangfuxiangjin（10%、10.1%）、liaoningtongbixiajiang11.4%，qinghai、jiangxi、guangxijiangfuzai15%-19.5%zhijian，jilin、tianjin、heilongjiangxiajiangfudujunchaoguo20%。

集体控股投资增长情况好于私人控股，但弱于国有控股。congquanguocengmiankan，jitikonggugudingzichantouzizai2023niandezengzhangsuduwei6.0%，xianzhugaoyusirenkonggu（0.1%）、lvediyuguoyoukonggu（6.4%）。

jitikonggugudingzichantouzitongbishixianzhengzengzhangdeshengfenshuliangbisirenkongguduolewuge，qiezheixieshengfendezengzhangsuduzongtibiaoxiangenghao，you18geshengfentongbizengsuzai10%yishang、qizhong14geshengfengaoyu20%（sirenkonggutouzidezengzhangzuigaozhijinwei16.3%）；yucixiangyingdeshi，jitikonggugudingzichantouzitongbixiajiangdeshengfenshuliangbisirenkonggushaolewuge。