文 | 刀客Doc

2024nian，zaichixubuduandefanlongduanfengbaoxia，gugezaimeiguobentuyijingjieshouleduocifanlongduanshenpan。

yicizai8yuefen，meiguolianbangfaguanxuanbugugesousuoyinqingyewushuyulongduan，zheishimeiguozhengfuzaiyixiliezhenduidaxingkejigongsidefanlongduansusongzhongdeshoucishengli。

lingwaiyiqisusongjujiaoyugugedexianjinniu——guanggaoyewu。jinniangugeguanggaoyingshouzaisanjidudadao659yimeiyuan，zengzhangle10.6%。

zongguangugeguanggaoyewudefazhanguiji，jianguanjigouhejingzhengduishouduigugedelongduankongsuyizhibujueyuer。

gugedeguanggaodiguoruhejianlide，youshizenyangxingchengsuowei“longduan”de？jintiandaokedocheniliaoyiliao。

01 并购：完成惊险一跃

gugechengliyu1998nian，zai2000niandeshihoucaituichugoogle adwords。zuichu，gugeshicaiyongmeiqiancizhanshifeiyong (cpm) moshijinxingshoumai，zheishidangshizuizhuliudeshoumaimoshi。

buguodaole2002 nian，gugetuichugengjiazhuzhongshixiaodedianjifufeippc（pay per click) moshi，diyicigaibianleshuziguanggaoshichangdegeju：xiangjiaoyuchuantongdecpmmoshi，ppcgengkanzhongtoufangderoi，tongshiguliguanggaozhuyouhuaguanggaosucaiheluodiye，yitigaoguanggaozhiliangdefen，congerjiangdimeicidianjichengben（cpc）。

yikaosousuoyewu，gugezai2005niandeshihou，guanggaoyingshouyijingtupo60yimeijin。zaidalaosousuoguanggaodegenjizhihou，gugekaishitansuozhanshileiguanggaoyewu，yinweidangshipinpaidetoufanghaishipingmianmeitidesilu：maibanmianmaiguanggaowei。jingzhundingweideyingxiaosiluhaibuchengzhuliu，zhanshileiguanggaojuyougengdadeshichang。

jinerzai2005nian，gugetuichuzhanshiguanggaowangluo(gdn)，yunxuguanggaoshangzaigugedesousuochangjingwaifabuguanggao，yicixiyingengduoguanggaokehu。

gdndetuichubaolulegugezaishuziguanggaolingyudeyexin，tabumanzupianjusousuoguanggaoyiou，shiyewangxianglequanju，yipinidezitaifukanzhezhenggeshuziguanggaoshichang。

2007nian，mingyundechilunkaishizhuandong。gugeyi31yimeiyuanshougou doubleclick，gaibinggouzai2008nianzhengshidedaomeiguojianguanbumenpizhun，chengweidangshishuziguanggaoshishangzuidaguimobinggou。

doubleclickciqianshiguanggaojishufuwulingyudejueduilaoda，kongzhizhe60%demeitiguanggaofuwuqishichang。

weileyingduigugeyudoubleclickdehebing，weiruan、yahuyekaishibinggouguanggaojishugongsi。

qizhongweiruanzai2007nian，yi63yimeiyuanshougouledoubleclickjingzhengduishouaquantive。danshiweiruanbinggouhoujianchijiabeitourusousuoguanggaoerbushizhanshiguanggao，zaijiashangweiruanyigongchengshiweizhongxindewenhuayuaquantiveyiguanggaoweizhongxindesiweimoshiyuelaiyuenanyironghe，zuizhongweiruandezheicishougoubingweijitadailaizugoudehaochu。genjumeiguokejimeitigeekwiredebaodao，weiruanjianjile62yimeiyuandezichan，bingyu2013nianyijin5000wanmeiyuandejiagejiangatlasbufenchushoujilefacebook。

doubleclickshougouanbujinzhijieranggugekongzhilechaoguo31%dezaixianguanggaoshichang，hairanggugechengweizaixianguanggaode“maijia、maijiahepaimairen”，bangzhugugegaibianleguanggaoxingyeyouxiguize，yiyuechengweiwukezhengyideguanggaojishujutou。

kuaijindaojintianlaikan，zheiyibinggouqiashigugekuozhangbufadekaishi。dangshi，meiguolianbangmaoyiweiyuanhui(ftc)jiucengfachujinggaocheng，ruguogugeliyongshougoujiangzijidechanpinkunbangzaiyiqi，zaochengfanjingzheng，jianguanjigoujiangjieru。jiushihoukanlai，meiguodejianguanjigougengshanyuyuceweilai，erbushizuzhiweilai。

2008niandao2011nian，wochengzhiweibinggouzhengheqi，zaizheiyiqijian，gugekaishileshuziguanggaolingyudeshougejimoshi：

2009nian，gugezuojia7.5yimeiyuanshougouleyidongguanggaopingtaiadmob，zheiranggugedeguanggaowangluocongpcwangzhan，kuozhandaoyidongduanwangye；

2010nian，shougouledsp（xuqiufangpingtai）invite media，jiangqiyuzijidspjishuzhenghe，tuichuledisplay &video 360（dangshichengwei“doubleclick bid manager”），zheishidegugenenggouxiyingengduodaxingdeguanggaokehuheguanggaodailijigou 。

2011nian，chizi4yimeiyuanshougoulessp（gongyingfangpingtai）admeld，liangnianhoujiangqijishuzhenghedaogugedeguanggaojiaoyipingtaiadxzhong，suihouguanbilezheijiagongsi。

zheixieshougouzuizhongdoutongguolemeiguoheoumengdefanlongduanjianguanshencha。jieci，gugechubuwanchenglezaixianguanggaolingyudebuju，diandinglezaixianguanggaoxiaoshouliuchengdejichusheshi，qiemeigelianludoushishichangdejueduilingdaozhe。

02 警告：第一张黄牌

xiamianyizhangtushizhenggeshuziguanggaodetoufangliucheng，congzhongnengkanchugugezaishuziguanggaolingyudetongzhili。

shuziguanggaodetoufangfenchenggongxuliangduan。dangyonghufangwenwangzhanshi，gongyingfangpingtai（ssp）xunsuzhanshikongyudeguanggaowei。

yucitongshi，xuqiufangpingtai（dsp）daibiaoguanggaozhu，saomiaosuoyoudemubiaoshouzhong。

zaiguanggaojiaoyipingtai（adx）shang，guanggaozhudejingjiadoujujiaozaizuiyoujiazhideshouzhongshenshang。

shishidejingjiakaishihou，zuigaochujiadeguanggaozhuyingdeguanggaozhanshijihui。

keyikanchu，zaiguanggaodetoufangguochengzhong，youxuduobutongdeliuchenghexitongzaixianghuzuoyong，ergugezaimeigeguanjianliantiaoshangdouzhanjulezhudaodiwei，birutazaigongyingduan，tongguodfp（doubleclick for publisher）kongzhile90%yishangdead server，zaixuqiuduankongzhile80%yishangdeguanggaowangluohe40%zuoyoudedsp。

gugezaizhenggechanyelianshangdoubujulezijidexitong，gegexitongzhijiandejiaohudoubuhuichanshengtaidademoca。ranerruguoguanggaozhushiyonggugedejingpinyugoogleguanggaofuwujiaohu，qingkuangjiubuyiyangle。

liru，ruguogoogledeguanggaoshichangadxxiangfeigooglegoumaigongjufasongjingjiaqingqiu，zezheilianggexitongbuhuilijijianrong，zheihuijibushiyonggugechanpindeyonghudailaiyanchi。zaishijianmingandehuanjingzhong，toufangxiangguanguanggaozhixujifenzhiyimiao，gugedechanpinkeyiwumocafangwen，erdisanfangzeyudaoyanchi。

gugezaiguanggaoshichangdedakuozhangyinqileoumengdezhuyi，bingzhongyuzai2010nianduigugedesousuoheguanggaoxingweizhankailediaocha——zheixiangdiaochaduonianlaiyuyanyulie，shiduigugeguanggaozhanjushichangzhudaodiweidezuizaojinggaozhiyi。

dao2012nian，jianguanjigoudechixujinggaoranghenduomeitifangkaishijuexing。tamenkaishiyishidao，yaoxiangcongzaixianguanggaozhonghuoli，jiubixuzunshougugedeyouxiguize。ruruoburan，gugejiuyoukenengjiangdimeitidequanzhong，yingxiangguanggaozhuxiadanxiaolv，congerladimeitiguanggaokucundexiaohao。

daole2014nian，gugedangshijiguanggaozhuheguanggaogongsizhidingleyixiangguize：tongguoruanyingjianshidejucuo，jiangliangkuanguanggaojishugongjukunbangzaiyiqixiangguanggaozhutuixiao。huanjuhuashuo，gugexiwangguanggaozhuzaidoubleclick adxshangdeguanggaozhanshicishujirutamendexieyi，zhinengtongguo doubleclick bid manager (dbm) goumai，zheirangyixieguanggaozhuyekaishibuman。

zuizhong，gugebakongzhulegongxuliangduan：meitifanghaoxiangbeikunzaigugedeguanggaopaobujishang，bunengtingxia，zhinengbeidongwangqianpao，erguanggaozhuyequeshaoqitagenghaodexuanze。

zheizhongdui google jishuderiyiyilaikaishirangmeitiheguanggaozhugandaolebuan。

03 威胁：Header Bidding的崛起

mou4aguanggaogongsidezongjinglizhiyan：womendeguanggaofeibeigugebangjiale。

yushiguanggaozhuheguanggaogongsidachenglekongqiandetuanjie，yichangguanggaoyehegugedeboyilakailedamu。

2015nian，guanggaoshangzhaodaoleyizhongqiaomiaodefangfalaibaituogugeduiguanggaoshourudelongduan：header bidding（biaotoujingjia，yeyizuotoubujingjia）。

zaicizhiqian，guanggaoxunjiadeguochengshipubuliumoshi：meitifachuguanggaoqingqiuhou，huiyizhaoguanggaowangluo（ad network）dequanzhongcongshangdaoxiayiyijinxingqingqiu，ruguoquanzhonggenggaodeguanggaopingtaiwufatianchongguanggao，jiuhuixiangxiachuandao，xunwenquanzhonggengdideguanggaolaihuodetianchongguanggaowei。

zheizhongpubuliudemoshiyousangetedian：

1、xunjiadeshunxushixitonggenjuecpmlishipingjunzhilaipanduanguanggaopingtaidequanzhong，suoyixitongmeicidouyouxianqingqiupingjunecpmgenggaodeguanggaowangluo。

2、youyugugedeadxguanggaojiaoyisuoheguanggaofuwuqidouzhanjuzhudaodiwei，quanzhonggenggao，suoyijibendoushiyouxiangugedeguanggaowangluobaojia，daozhiqitadepingtaishaolecanyubaojiadejihui。

3、ruguoyizhimeiyoujingjia，jiuxuyaobuduanhuichuanshuju，daozhicengjibianduo，congerchanshenggengduoyanchi，guanggaojiazaixiaolvjiuhuibianman。

header biddingbiaotoujingjiayupubuliubutong。zuizaofaqizheshiyijiaguanggaowangluogongsiappnexus。jiandanlaijiang，header bidding xinjianleyitaoguanggaozhuyumeitiliuliangfangdeduijiexieyi，rangmeicideguanggaodeqingqiuyouxianzhichiheader biddingdeguanggaozhuhuozhedsp。

meitifangkeyiyongheader biddingfanhuideguanggaodejiagezuoweidijia，quqingqiugugedengqitaguanggaolianmengpingtai。ruoqitaguanggaowangluowugaoyucijiagedeguanggaofanhui，zepuguangheader bidding deguanggao，ruoyoufanhuigaoyucijiagedeguanggao，zepuguanggugedengguanggaolianmengdeguanggao。

dangran，headerbiddingbushishenmexinjishu，ershijidaoleshichangshangyizhongxindexuanze，tadetuixingduigugeguanggaoyewuchanshenglelianggeyaomingdechongji：

1、gugeguanggaoyewujianlidehuchenghepofang：meitifangzhaodaolejiejing，keyiraoguoyijingduijiedegugeadx/ssp，zhijieduihuaduogeguanggaoxuqiufang。

2、gugezaiguanggaoshichangdedingjiaquanshoudaochongji：meitifangkeyishedinggenggaodedijia，erbushigugeduijiageshuolesuan，zheiyouzhuyuweichijingzhengxingshichang，gengzhongyaodeshimeitifabufangnenghuodechaoguo30%yishangdeguanggaofei。

04 反击：三招制衡标头竞价

gugexiudaoleweixie，juedingzheshoufanji。xianzaizongjielaikan，tayonglesanzhaoyingdui。

fanjidediyizhaoshi last look，zheishiyigefeichangliumangdegongneng。

jutilaishuo，jiushizaiguanggaozhutongguoheader biddingwanchengduimeitiguanggaoweijingbiaohou，gugejiuhuijiangzhongbiaojiagetigongjizijideguanggaopingtaishangdeguanggaokehu，ruguozheixiekehuyuanyitigonggaoyuzhongbiaojiadejiage，napagaochuyifenqian，jiukeyiyouxiannaxiazheigegaojiazhiguanggaowei。

“last look”ranggugezijideguanggaozhugengrongyinadaokucun，suoyimeta deqiangaoguancaihuishuo：dajiadouzhinengchigooglechishengxiade。

jiuxiangjinrongshichangdeneibujiaoyiyiyang，gugeyongyoucanyujingjiadegoumaipingtai，tanenggoukandaosuoyoujingjia，bingyoukenengdiaozhengguize，jianggengduojiaoyiyindaodaozijideguanggaoxitongshang。

gugedierzhaoshi，tuichuampcongjishushangzuzhiheader bidding。

ampjiaccelerated mobile pages，shiyizhongzhizuowangzhandegeshi。zaizheiyigeshixia，

guanggaosudugengkuai，bichangguiguanggaojiazaikuai6bei。qieguanggaohenqingliang，bichangguiguanggaoqing 3 bei，nengyouxiaoditigaoyidongwangyedejiazaisuduheyonghutiyan。

buguoampzaijishushangduiheader biddinggouchengleyidingdexianzhi。header biddingtongchangxuyaozaiyemiantoubuqianrudaima，yibiantongshixiangduogeguanggaojiaoyipingtaifasongguanggaoqingqiu，bingjinxingshishijingjia。youyuampduijiaobenjiazaihezhixingdexianzhi，tabuyunxuzaiyemiandeguanjianlujingzhongzhixingdisanfangjiaoben，zheishidechuantongdeheader biddingnanyizaiampyemianshangshixian。

disanzhaoshidazhao——tuichugongkaijingjia（open bidding），zhijieyingduiheader bidding。

gongkaijingjiashiyunxuduogexuqiufangzaifuwuqiduantongshijingjia，paimaifashengzaidefuwuqishang，

gugedegongkaijingjiashiyizhongfuwuqidaofuwuqi（server-to-server）dejishu，tongguogugeguanggaoguanliqi（google ad manager）shishiheguanli。zheizhongfangshikeyijianshaoyemianjiazaiyanchi，tigonggenghaodeyonghutiyan，youqishizaiyidongshebeishang。

xiangbizaiheader biddingshang，meitifangkeyikandaogengduodepaimaixijie（liruweishenmemouxieguanggaozhuyingdelepaimai），gugedegongkaijingjiameiyouzheizhongtoumingdu，duifabushanglaishuogengxiangshiyige“heixiang” 。

qiezaigongkaijingjiazhong，feigugeguanggaojiaoyipingtaibixuzhifu 5%-10% defeiyongcainengcanyu，ergugezijidechanpinzewuxuzhifu，zheiranggugehuodelejiageyoushi。chubanshangyebeijinzhiweibutongdejiaoyipingtaishezhibutongdejiagedijia，yinciwufagulifeigugedexuqiu。

zhengdanggugebuduanchushoufanjideshihou，header biddingzhenyingdeyuanjundaole！——lingyijiaguanggaojutoufacebookjiaruzhanju：2017nian，facebookgongkaixuanbuzhichiheader bidding，bingxuanbuyu《huashengdunyoubao》、《fubusi》he《meiriyoubao》dengmeiticeshiheader bidding。facebookhaipengjileguge，chengshuziguanggaoxingyeyizhizaijianglirunjiaoji“zhidingguizebinghunxiaoshishidedisanfangzhongjianren”。

facebookdejiamengzhenfenleguanggaojie。dangshideshichangyizhirenwei，youlefacebookzheigedage，header biddingbidinghuijikuagugezaishuziguanggaoshichangdezhudaodiwei。

05 绝地之蓝：Facebook的倒戈

haojingbuzhang，dangmengjunyugugeguanggaodejuezhanyichujifazhiji，xijuxingdezhuanzhefashengle——「daitoudage」gaibianxingjinfangxiang，jiangpaokouhuanhuanzhuandong，duizhunlemengjuntongban。

facebookdaogele！tajiarulegugedezhenying，zheiyimufangfozhijiecongyinmushangdejingdiandianyingzhongyueranerchu：“congjinwanghou，womenjianggongxiangzheipianxingkong。”

facebookdedaogeshigugeliyoudejieguo。

facebookbujinshidaxingguanggaopingtai，yeguanggaoyededajinzhu。2017nianqiguanggaoyingshoujiangjin400yimeiyuan，eryingxiaofeiyongjiuyou47yi。taduiheader biddingmoshidezhichilinggugeshengandanyou。gugeyishidao，xuyaobuxiyiqiedaijiarangfacebooktuichuzhanzheng，yuzijizhanzaiyiqi。

yushibei《niuyueshibao》chengzhiwei：「gugeguanggaolongduanxingweidianfeng」dejedi blue——juedizhilanjihuadanshengle。

「juedizhilan」jihuademingzi，shidui《xingqiudazhan》xiliedianyingdeyinyong，jumeitituiceyulanpifujuediwushiaila·saikulayouguan，tabeizhongchengyuxinzhixudekelongrenzhihuiguanbulaibeipanbingshahai。gugeyongyigeguanyubeipandegushilaimingmingzheicidejiaoyi，qizhongdefengciyiweibuyaneryu。

shuangfangzaipaizhuoxiawanchenglejiaoyi：facebook tongyijianshaocanyuheader bidding，chengnuozijikuayingyongyidongguanggaopingtaiaudience networkzainenggoushibiezuizhongyonghudeqingkuangxia，zhishaocanyu90%gugeguanggaoziyuandejingbiao。erqie，zaixieyidisinian，facebookmeinianxianggugetoufanggaoda 5 yimeiyuandeguanggao。

googlejidaofacebookdetequanshi「zaimeichangbisaidejuesaizhongshoufachuchang」：zaishiyonggugeguanggaoxitongdeqiantixia，baozhengfacebookzaigugetoufangguanggaoshide“xinxi、suduheqitayoushi”。birufacebookdejingbiaochujiashijianwei300haomiao（erqitagongsizewei 160 haomiao），zheinengdadatishengfacebookguanggaoweijingbiaodechenggonglv。

zheiyixieyizhidaomeiguodekesasizhouzongjianchazhangdesusongzhongcaixianggongzhongpilu，buguogugehefacebookdoufourenleshangshuzhikong，bingchengjiaoyibushejifanlongduanwenti。

jutoudehezuojiasuleguanggaoshichangdeliangjigeju。2019nian，gugehefacebookzhanjule60%yishangdeshuziguanggaozhichu，shuangguatoulongduan（duopoly）zhengshixingcheng。

06 隐私沙盒：下一个技术底牌？

zaifanlongduandiaochachixujinxingdetongshi，yinsifaguidelijianyexuanzailekejijutoumendetouding。

2018nian5yue25ri，oumengxuanbushishi《tongyongshujubaohutiaoli》（gdpr），zheishiyixiangquanmiandeyinsiheshujubaohufagui。tongnian6yue，meiguotongguolejuyoulichengbeiyiyidejiazhouxiaofeizheyinsifaan（ccpa）。yinsibaohutishangyicheng，chengweihulianwangheguanggaoxingye，disanfangcookiedexiaoshichengweiqushi。

gugeduiyinsibaohujishushangchengxianchulekongqiandejijitaidu，tuichutidaidisanfangcookiedejiejuefangan——“yinsishahe(privacy sandbox)”jihua。gugehaizuochuchengnuo，bushiyongleisicookiedejishugenzongyonghu，yijibujinxingziwoyoudai。

zheiyijihuatongguoyinruxindeguanggaojishu，rufloc（federated learning of cohorts），zhizaizaibuyilaidisanfangcookiedeqingkuangxia，shixianguanggaodegexinghuatoufang 。zheiyijishutongguojiangyonghujiyuxingquguirubutongde“qunti”，erbushizhuizongdangeyonghudexingwei，congerbaohuyonghuyinsi 。

raner，yinsishahejihuayiranyinqileguanggaoshanghejianguanjigoudeshuangzhongdanyou。

congguanggaozhuliyicengmian，meiguohudongguanggaojuiabfabudebaogaochengcheng，yinsishahejiangyanzhongyizhixuduodangqiandeshuziguanggaoxingshi，qieguodudaoyinsishahe，xuyaojinxingzhongduodejichusheshibiange，bingkenengduiguanggaojishugongsi、meitifangheguanggaoshangchanshengfumianyingxiang。

congfanlongduancengmiankan，jianguanjigouleisiyingguojingzhengheshichangguanlijucma，yedanxinzheikenenghuijinyibugonggugugezaishuziguanggaoshichangdezhudaodiwei，shideqitaguanggaopingtaichuyubuliweizhi，zhuyaoyouduogefangmiandekaoliang：

1、yinweigugedechromeliulanqizhanjule63.14%deliulanqishichang（statcountershuju），eryinsishahejihuashimorenjichengzaichromezhongde，zheishidegugenenggouzaiyonghuyinsiheguanggaojishudeweilaifangxiangshangfahuijuedingxingzuoyong。

2、tongguoyinsishahe，gugexiangdangyuzhidinglexingyebiaozhun，yougengdahuayuquan，nenggouzhudaoguanggaojishudefazhanfangxiang，zheikenenghuishideqitaguanggaopingtainanyiyuzhijingzheng。

3、jinguangugeyijingzuochuchengnuo，dantahuibuhuitongguoqitafangshijixushoujiheliyongyonghushuju，zengqiangqizaiguanggaogexinghuahedingweifangmiandenengli。zheiyeshigeweizhishu。

07 谷歌的反驳：数字广告市场的边界是什么？

qiaozhihuashengdundaxuefaxueyuanjiaoshoubalake·liqimancheng，meiguosifabuduigugeguanggaojishususongshiyige“bigugesousuoangengnan、yexugengzhongyaodeanjian”。

shuangfangzhenglundeqizhongyigejiaodianjiushi：gugesuochudeshuziguanggaoshichangdaodishishenme？bianjiezainali？

muqianlaikan，shuangfanggezhiyici。

sifaburenwei，gugeyizhizaishuziguanggaolingyushougoujingzhengduishou，caozongguanggaopaimai，rangzijizaishuziguanggaochanyeliandemeigejiedianshang，douzhanyouzhishaoyibandeshichangfene，“mouxiehengliangbiaozhunxiashichangfeneshenzhigaoda91%”，zheiyuanyuanchaochu70%dezhunxian。ruguozaicibeipandinglongduan，gugedeguanggaojishuyewukenengyejiangmianlinchaifendejieguo。

gugebianjiecheng，sifabuweilequebaogugeshichangfenechaoguolongduansuoxude 70% demenjian，duishuziguanggaoshichangdedingyiyoushipianpo。suozhideshuziguanggaoxiaaidijuxianzailewangzhanguanggaoshang，erxianzaideguanggaozhichuyuelaiyuewangtiktokdengshipinapp，huozhenetflixdengctvdengshuzipingtaishangfenliu。ciwai，yamaxunsuozaidelingshoumeitiyezaichixukuozhang，buduantunshisousuoguanggaohezhanshiguanggaoshichang。guanggaoshichangdejingzhengchengduyuanbisifabusuomiaoshudeyaojilie。gugeyuanyinstatistadeshujucheng，2024 nianqishuziguanggaoshichangfenewei 25.6%，qieweilaideshichangfenehaijiangjinyibuxiajiang。

huadaozuihou，qishitouzizhedaduoduigugedejianguanxinwenyouxiemamule。huaerjiequanshangboensitandefenxishimake·shimulikeshuoleyijuraoyouyiweidehua：ziweiruanfanlongduansusongde25nianli，meiguozhengfujianguanduidaxingkejigongsidelongduandiweijihumeiyourenheyingxiang。

2000 nian，weiruanyinqizhanjuzhudaodiweidewindowspingtaizaimeiguosifabufaqideyicijuyoulichengbeiyiyidesusongzhongbaisu，bingbeilelingfenchai。suihouweiraotiqishangsu，zuizhongyuanpanjuebeituifan，weiruanyugengyouliyushangyedexiaobushenzhengfudachenghejie。

lishizongshijingrendexiangsi。jiexialaidetelangpuzhengfu，duiyukejichuangxindezhichilidujiangxianzhuzengqiang，meiguokejixingyezaiweilaisinianjiangyinglaiyigegengjiakuansongdezhengcehuanjing。

suoyijiuxianzaikanlai，gugeguanggaoyewudemingyunzouxiangsihumeiyouneimebeiguanle。