wen | weilaishangyeguancha xiaoke

编辑 | 方远

jiaozizoujinxiaoqu，yanqianqingyiseshihongsedeliucengxiaolou。fangziwai，dianxianchanchengzaluanyituan。

zheishibeijingdongbuzhongduojiujuminquzhongdeyige。xiaoqulidefangzidaduozaishangshiji90niandaiqianjiancheng，qiangtiqihenbanbo，menkouyinmanlexiaoguanggao。

rujinrenmenkanguanledoushigaolou，henshaoshezuyuci。dan90houjiaoziquezaoyibatadangchengweilaidejia。

zi2024nianyilai，yibeijingweishou，yierxianchengshi“laopoxiao”fangyuandechengjiaoliangfeisheng，rijunchengjiaoliangtongbizengzhangjin40%，chengjiaozhouqipingjunjin7tian。

nianqingrenzhengzaiyixianchengshiqianggoulaopoxiao，zhiyinzaibeijingfangjiatiaoshuihelihaoxinzhengchutaihou，tamenhujue，zijihefangzidejulibuzaiyaoyuan。

yixierenyijuedingzaihongzhuanzhijianzhangjiutingliu。

01 青睐老破小的年轻人们

zairuzhuxinjiazhihou，jiaoziteyijianleyiduankadiandeshipin，fadaoleshejiaopingtaishang。shipinzhong，fangzihuimengmengde，tazhizheqiangshangdeyigedadonghehedile。

gangjiashengxiudeyangguangfang、xizaozhuanshendoukunnandeminicesuo、duimanzawudewoshi...yibanrenkandaobidinghuijinzhoumeitou，danduijiaozilaishuo，queshipiaobozhihou，zaibeijingdediyigejia。

jiaozishi90hou，chushenmeishuzhuanye。zi2012nianjinjingjixunkaishi，tajiuyizhizaibeijingshenghuo。

daxuebenkebiyehou，jiaozichengweileyimingzhiyewenshenshi，zaiyijialiansuogongzuoshigongzuo。

zaizhei12nianjian，tazaihaidianshangguoxue，zaitongzhouyurenhezuguo，zaidaxingpaoguogongzuo，jiushimeizuoguoshaoyuyigexiaoshideditie。

biyehoudeliangnianshijian，jiaoziyifuyirijiditie，hebailingmenyiqizaichexianglizhuazhefushouyaohuang。shenghuoyinreaidegongzuoerchongshi，yesihuzaiyixiangzhujianwendinglexialai。

xianzaidejiali，hezushiyouzouleyiboyouyibo，zhiyoutayizhidouzai。

2022nian，shiqingturanchuxianbolan。tabeidiaodaochaoyangqugongzuo，zhouzhuanyuwangjinghesanlitunzhijian。congyuanlaidejiadaogongzuoshixuyaojinliangxiaoshi，tongqinbiandezhujianbukerenshou。

jiaozizaijiujiezhebanjia。tahutingdaotongshiyilunfangjiazhengzaixiadie，xinzhongyidong：shibushikeyizhijiemaigefang？

hejiaoziyiyangchujingdenianqingrenbuzaishaoshu。90houquntizhengburuerlizhinian，erduiyubeipiaodetamenlaishuo，30suipubianbeirenweishiyige“jiedian”。

yinci，youmeiyoufangzichengweiguanjianwenti。zaizhongguorendeguandianli，fangziyiweizhewending，yeyiweizhezaizheigedachengshiliyoule“gen”。

hedaduoshubeipiaodexiangfayiyang，jiaozidegoufangxuqiudanshengyijiu。danzaixinli，huomiaoyizhiweiruo，zhidaozuijin。

fangzidadiezhishi，tagaosuziji，shishihouchuqukankanfangzile，dabulejiudangliuwan。

taduiquyudechushiguihuayihenmingque：zhixuanzezongxiangqiegechaoyangqude14haoxianditiezhanzhoubian，zuibeiduanhuozuinanduanyehao，zhiyinkeyizaizaogaofengqiangdaozuo。

xiaoquhefangzilaoyidianmeiguanxi，jiaozigengkanzhongdeshifangzineibudechaoxiang、bujudeng“yingjian”。

xiangjiaoyubinglengdegaolou，tafanergengxihuanlaoxiaoqulideshijingqixi，yinweihenwennuan，huirangtayoujiadeganjue。

tahaiyougebijiaoteshudesuqiu：fangzixuyaolinjie，yinweitaxiangchuangbanzijidexiaogongzuoshi。jiaozixiwangrangrenmenzouzailushangdeshihou，keyikandaochuanghuhuoyangtaishangdezhaopai。

dangran，lizhongxinyuejinyuehao。

饺子展示墙上的“天坑” / 受访者供图

yushi，cong2023nianzhongkaishi，jiaozizhiyaoxianxiashijiandeshihou，jiuzhanzhuanyugegediduandelianjiashitidianzhijian。

zhongjiedexiaodianlvchengweitashuxidezuoqi，jiulianhengkuachaoyangqudeliangmahe，yeluguobuzhidaoduoshaocile。

suiranxianzaikejifadale，zaiwangshangyekeyichenjinshiarkanfang。dantahaishijuede，zijiqinziqukankanbijiaoanxin，yenengganshouyixiahefangzide“lianjie”。

zaiyinianbanzuoyoudeshijian，tayipaoguosishiduogexiaoqu，pingjunmeigexiaoquzoufangfangziliangtaoduo。zaishidikanfangbaiyutaozhihou，tajihuduidiquhexiaoquleruzhizhang。

zaishejiaomeitishang，youhenduonianqingrenmendoulaijiaozidepinglunhetiezidixialiuyan。tamenxuqiugebuxiangtong，dantongyideshi：zhikaolvlaoxiaoqu，yusuanzai200-300wanjian。

zaixiaohongshushangshurulaopoxiao，bianhuikandaogeshigeyangdetiezizaihuxiangzhengqiuyijian。yourenshaichugangmaidelaofang，limianjimanlemuzhijiaju，huangrundesongmudibanyingzhewuhouyangguang。

tashuokanqilaiyoudianjiu，danyouzhongyiqiewenzhongxianghao，suoyourendouzhengzaizouxiangxingfudeganjue。xiangxiaoshihoudejia，suoyibudasuanzhongzhuangle。

jiaoziyehenleyiweizhunbeizaitongyigequyumaifangderenmenjiehuo：

“zheigexiaoquhenlao，danhenyoushenghuoqixi”

“neigexiaoquxiangjiaoxiabijiaoxin，danshubijiaoduo，jiuxiandeyoudianyinsen”

tazhenshideganjuedao，renmengoumailaopoxiaodexuqiuyuelaiyueda。bujinshiwangshangxunwentaderenyuelaiyueduo，hezhongjiedejiaoliuzhong，jiaozitingdaodeshiliyeyuelaiyueduo。

youciqukanfang，tagenzhezhongjiecongtoudaowei，paoleyitiaomanshilaoxiaoqudejiedao。

zhongjieqizhediandongche，meiguojifenzhongjiutaitou，zhizhejigebanlouhetashuo：

“zheigexiaoquqianjitiangangmaichuquyitao，zaisancengde。maitaderenyinggaihenichabuduodali，yeshilaibeijinggongzuode。”

“neigexiaoquyeshi，85niandefangzi。maiderenzhuzailudongbian，zaixibianyoumailetao。”

jiaozizuihouguohudefangziweiyubeijingshijintailupianqudehongmiaobeilixiaoqu，yeshibeijingzuiyoudaibiaoxingdelaopoxiaojiqunzhiyi。

jubuwanquantongji，gaixiaoquzaijinnianqian8 geyueleijichengjiao 34 tao，yuejunchengjiaoliangda 4.25 tao，yuangaoyuquniantongqishuiping。

zai9yue30ri，beijingfangchanfabuxinzhenghou，zheilidechengjiaoliangzaichuangjilu。

qingeshizheipianquyudelianjiafangchanzhongjie。tasuanleyixia，jin10yueyigeyue，tazaizheigexiaoqujingshouchengjiaodefangzijiu20duotao。

erqiehongmiaofeixuequfang，bushouzheifangmiandeyingxiang。maijiadoushibenzhetadehuangjindiduanlaide。

taguanchadao，dabufenmaifangderendoushiqushangyezhongxinshangbande，nianlingpingjunzaisanshiduosuizuoyou。xiaoqulaojiu，dannianqingrenhenduo，zuhuyejihudoushishangbanzu。

zaihaidianwanshoulufujindezhongjiexiaohuiyechajuedaolezheigequshi。tafuzedejigexiaoqu，fangzijianchengshijianzai1985-1992nian。erxiaoquli，90houmencaishizhuyaoyezhu。

tarenwei，xiaoqudenianqinghuayeshifenweihemudeyuanyinzhiyi。90houmenshangbanfanmang，zaochuwangui。yincixiaoqulizongshijingqiaoqiaode，“meiyoushenmeraominxianxiangchuxian”。

nianqingrenmenbuzaiyuanyichengdanyuanchaoyusuandegaojigongyu，bamubiaozhuanxiangzhongxindiqudelaopoxiao。tamenjuede，fangzisuiranwaimianpojiu，balimianzhongzhuangyixia，haishiyigexindejia。

jiaoziyezaiqitarendetiezidixiaxiedao：“hongmiaobeili，poqueshipo，laoxiaoquyemeirenguan，danfangbianshizhenfangbian，tiaoyitiaoyeyoubucuodelou。xiuyixiazizhubucuode。”

“主要是买得起。”

02 房子不再是奢侈品

fangjiaduiyurenmenlaishuo，shijingjideqingyubiao。erduiyugangxurenqun，beijingdefangzizaizheicidadiezhiqian，yizhidoushiwangbukejideshechipin。

zai2017nianchu，fangjiadadaolishixingao。neishihou，maifangbujinyaopinyeneiguanxi，haixuyaoxianjiaojiwankuaidechashuifei，zhiweiqiudeyigegoufangzige。

2017nian3yue17ri，beijingfabu317xinzheng。duanduansanbaizidegongwenchengweilezhufangjiadejiangsheng，yangedecuoshiezhilejihudiankuangdeloushi。

zhihou5nian，loushichixuxiaxing。fangzichengjiaoliangbeiyaozhan，renmendaduochixuguanwangshichang，danxiaoshouezongtibaochiwending，bodongweiruo。

renmendegoufangxuqiuzaiyiqinghoufuran，2022-2023nianjian，fangjiazaicixiaofudushangxing，loushikaishihuinuan。

zi2023nianchunjiqi，beijingdefangjiajiuhaosizuoshangletiaolouji，mengdie。youzhongjiejieshaoliangjushishigantan：zhiqian350wandounabuxiadexuequfang，xianzaidiefujin100wan。

duiyudagongrenlaishuo，fangzisuiranchixujiangjia，danrengjiuanggui。buguo，jiangfurangtamenkandaoyisixiwang，lixianghemubiaosihulidegengjinleyixie。

beipiaomenzaihezufangliquansuo，kewangzaiweilainengyouyitaoshuyuzijidefangzi。tamenzaizheigegaosuyunzhuandechengshilishangxiaxunmi，panwanggangjintiejiajiandeguishugan。

北京“老破小”内部 / 肖珂 摄

zai2023nianzhong，jiaozizuichudeyusuanshi360wan，xiaoliangjujiuxing，laofangziyekeyi。zheigejiage，duibiaotadexuqiulaishuo，shizaibudi。

yeyinjiaoziyitiqianzuohaoxinlizhunbei，bakanfangzhanxianyuqishijianladefeichangzhang。tayexiwangnengduokanjitao，weijiagehexuanzedouliuyouzugoudekongjian。

xianzaihuikan，jiaoziyiranfeichangqingxingzijixuanzelezhangqijihua。xianzaidexiaoliangju，tajinyong253wanjiunaxia，biyuqidilejin30%。zheiyeheshichangshanglaopoxiaodediefuxiangjin。

zaizuizhongchengjiaoqian，jiaoziqishiyitanguoliangtao，dandouyaozhezaizhunbeiguohudejieduan。

diyitaojiagezai300wanchutou，wentichuzaishichanglifenpeidefangzi，yezhuzhuanquandeshouxumeibantuo，zhihaozuoba。

diertaodejiagetandao280wanzuoyou。jiaozizuichujuedexinxi，danzaiqukanfangshi，youyushidiceng，tagezhechuanghu，hemalupangbianzuozhekeguazidenainaidalegezhaomian。

zaijiashangzheipianquyudegongcelichufangdechuanghu，julijinbudao5mi。jiaozisilaixiangqu，xindihaishijuedebieniu，bianzhudongzhongzhileshouxu。

disanci，fangzideweizhihebujudoufuhejiaozideyuqi。tashenzhizaidiyicikanfangshijiuyiguihuahao，bazheigexiaoliangjugaichengyishiyiting，zaizuogegongzuotai。

guohuqian，jiaoziyoupaodaofangzilikanleyibian。suiranmandihuichen，woshidedengyehuaileyige，wulixiandeyouxiechenjiu。dantayuekan，yuexinshenghuanxi。

yangguangfangchaoxiangbei，suishidiceng，danbingwuzhedang，yanjiekaikuo。jishishiguangzhaoxiangduiduanyixiededongji，yangguangyekeyitongguochuanghu，wennuandizhijieshaidaofangzidezhongjian。

jiaozizaizheijianlaofanglihaoxiangkandaolexinshengdeziji。

03 新政到来

4yue17ri，beijingzhufanggongjijinguanlizhongxinfabuzhengce，lihaolaopoxiao，“goumailaopoxiaokeduodaikuan，bufenfangyuandaikuanqixianzuigaokeyanzhang20nian。”

zai9yue30ri，beijingyouchuxinzheng，jiadazhufanggongjijindaikuanzhichilidu，tongshijiangdicunliangfangdaililv，xiadiaofangdaishoufukuanbili，suoduanfeijingjijiatingjiaoshuinianxian。

zheiyejiuyiweizhe，zaibeijinggoumaidiyitaozhufangshi，ruoshiyongshangdai，zuidishoufukuanbilijinwei15%，lilvzejiangzhi3.15%。duiyugangxurenqunlaishuo，yalizhoujiang。

xinzhengshishideshourizhengchuguoqingjiedangtian，zhongjieqingegantan：neitiandeqingjing，sihuyouhuidao2017neiduandingshengshiqi。

tayinmeiqiangdaochepiao，jiaqiliuzaibeijing。queyinweixinzheng，jiabanleyizhenggeguoqingxiaozhangjia。

“daduoshutongshidouhuijiale，wojiudetitamenyedairenkanfang。leideyaoming，jiumeitingguo，kehuyigejieyige。”

qingefaxian，renmenbizijixiangxiangzhonghaiyaozheji。shenzhiyoukehutingdaoxiaoxihou，zhijiezhongduanledujiajihua，lianyequcheganhuilaimaifang。

dandabufenrenbijiaolixing，shifangjiazhihouzailaikandefangzi。suoyiguoqingzhihou，yeyinglaiyigemaifangdexiaogaofeng。

jinnian10yue6ridangtian，lianjiazaibeijingdefangyuanchengjiaoliangchaoguoleyiqiantao，shipingchangzhoumode3-4bei。

10yue7ridao13ri，jinyizhoudeshijian，gongsizhengtichengjiaoliangwei3354tao。pingshiyizhouzhinengmaichu1000taochutou，ruguoshi1500taozuoyou，shuliangyijingsuanbijiaoduodele。

qingedakaigongsidezhoubaotu，biaoshixianzaideshuliangsuiranyouyixiehuidie，danyejibenwendingzaimeizhouchengjiaoliangqianduotao，bizhengcefabuqianyezengjialejinyibei。

tazaigaoxingzhiyu，yeyoudianjiaolv。zhiyinxianzaiyejizengzhangjibenshangjinrupingjingqi，shenzhikaishixiajiang，“bushiyinweimeirenxiangmai，ershiwoshoulimeifangzikemaile”。

suoyixianzaiqingedaikehukanfang，yanyujianzonghuiyoudianzheji。yifangmianshixiwangfangzinengchengjiao，lingyifangmianshitadaxindijuede，buzhuajinmaidehua，guojitianjiumeile。

旧小区红庙北里内的居民楼外观 / 肖珂 摄

jiaozikanfangdeshijianzhengchuyujinniande10yue，laopoxiaodejiagejingguoloushizhengtidiejiahezhenduixinglihaozhengcededamo，zhengchuzaididian。

jiaoziyerenwei，xianzaishimaifangdezuihaoshiji，wuxuzaideng。tahezhongjieshuo，keyizouliuchengle。

tazaicilianxilezhongjie，xiangdangmianjianjianyezhu，chenzhezheibojiangjiarechaoshayishajia。

zuikaishishi，fangzidebiaojiashi266wan，jiaozijidehenqingchu。hefangzhujianmianhou，duifangzhijie“zidao”13wan，tichu253wandejiage。tachadianmeibengzhu。

chenyezhubuzhuyi，jiaozihezhongjietoutoushangliang，yao“ku”yixia，daidongyixiaqingxu，zaikanyidian。

tazijiyemeixiangdao，buzhishizhongyuyaoandingxialaidexiyue，haishizheixierizizaijingpiaobo，shizaiyoutaiduokuse。taxinlituransuansuande，zaiyezhumianqianhaotaodaku。

kuwan，yezhuwensibudong，yaosi253wan。zhongjieshitutandao252.8wan，yebeiyezhuyikouhuijue。

253yetinghao，jiaozianweiziji。huixiangzuikaishideyusuan，tayijingmanyidebudelele。

04 关于未来

fangjiazhengchuxiaxingshiduan，maijiahuanxi，fengyongruchang。danduimaijialaishuo，shiwanquanbuyiyangdexinjing。

xinxinshibeijingdongsanhuanyitaolaofangzideyezhu，tajiadexiaoqujianchengyu1986nian，lishuyuyangqi。yinci，fangzitiaojianhexiaoquguanlidouyouyuputongxiaoqu。

suiranfangzibuda，erqieyijuzhulechaoshinian。dancongzhaopianlikandechu，xinxinhenaixifangzi。neishizhengqi，yangguangzhengtouguochuanghusazaidishang，chuangwaishuyingyouyou。

fangzishuxingdouhenbucuo：chaonan、zhongceng、gongnuanre、baogudingchewei...lishudejiequduiyingdexiaoxue、zhongxuedoushizhongdian，haiyougezhongdianyiyuanzaipangbian，zoulujiukeyidao。

zaijinnian，zheidonglouyebeilieruzhengfudexiaoqugaizaomingdan。zaigengxindiantihebaonuancenghou，jiangjixumianfeifanxingaizaoyixiejichusheshi，fangzi“xuhang”gengjiu。

yinweifumunianshiyigao，xinxinjuedingchushouzheihufangzi，zhihuanyihujulizijijiabijiaojindefang，zheiyangbijiaofangbianhuxiangzhaoying。

xinxinduizijidefangzihenyouzixin，yushizuikaishizaihezhongjiegoutongdeshihou，tadexinliyuqishi350wanzuoyou。

tayeyijingzaizhoubianzuolediaocha，zijidejiagebishichangjiadile3-4%zuoyou，yinggaimaidehenkuai。

suizhefangjiadexiajiang，xinxindefangzisuiyizhiyourenlaikan，yeyouyixiemaifangrenbiaoxiandehenxihuan。danshizhongmeiyourenchushou。

tazhihaogenzhezheipianquyudejunjiawangxiayidiaozaidiao，xianzaixinlideyuqijiageyizaiduanduanjigeyuexiadiedao320wan。xinxinyijingbuzaijiaojile，tashuo，xiguanlejiuhao。

xianzai，tayezaichangshizijizaishejiaopingtaishangfabuguanggao，xunzhaomaijia。yinweifangzijiagebenlaijiuxiajianglebushao，ruozaibaoqu1%dezhongjiefei，xinxinjuede，gengkuile。

yinzhiqiantazaimaizijishangyitaofangzideshihou，yeshimaimaishuangfangzhijiejiaoyi。fangshishi，shuangfangtanhaojiagehou，zhituozhengguizhongjiebanlezuihoudeshouxu，yibaozhengshuangfanganquan。

taduifangzihezijidexinxinbujian，queweiduchangchanghuaiyishichangzouxiang。yinweipafangjiazaidie，xinxinmeitianxingzhedeshihoujiuhuidakaixiaohongshu，zaixianmiaohuiyouyixiangderenmen。

taxiang，ruguozijimaidehuanengshengdiaozhongjianfeiyong，dingjiachabuduokeyixiadiaodao315wanzuoyou。

ruguoyixiangmingquedehua，haikeyizaiwangxiashangliangshangliang，“yinweidoushinianqingrenma，youhuazhishuojiuhaole”。

yinweimaifangdesuqiushiweilezhihuan，tawangwanghuidayigeyufangzhen：nengshangliangshinengshangliang，danyebushineizhongchahaojishiwande，bujieshoutaiduodechajia。

duiyuyongyoulaopoxiaoderenmenlaishuo，zaiweilaijinxingzhihuansihushitaobukaidehuati。ruguofangzididuanhao，tiaojianbucuodehua，sihuyebushinanshi。

danduiyutiaojianmeiyouyangqifangneimehaodebanloulaishuo，zhihuansihugengjiakunnan。bujinshiyinweiwaiguankanzhemeiyouneimetaoxi，gengshiyinwei，taobukaidechanquannianxianwenti。

tandaoweilaiguanyufangzizhihuandedasuan，jiaozimingxianlengleyixia。yinweitacongmeixiangguozheigewenti。

taxiaozheshuo：zenmeyedexianzhushinianba？daoshihouzaishuo。buzhudehuajiuchuzu，jiudangtouzile。

shijishang，goumailaopoxiaoderenmenduihouqizaizhihuanchuqudexuanze，tongchangmeiyoutaidaxinxin。

yinweizaibeijing，zhuzhaiyongdifangbennianxiantongchangwei70nian。erduiyufanglingchaoguo30-40niandelaopoxiaolaishuo，yiweizhezaibuyuandejianglai，kenenghuizaixuyaojiaoyicixuqifeiyong。

tamengengxiangzaiweilaibaoliuzheifengudingchan，zaizijibuxuzhudeshihou，chuzujixiayibobeipiaodenianqingren。

qingejieshaodao，xiangbeijingzheizhongzhongxindiqudelaopoxiao，zujinnianhuashouyinengdadao2.5%~2.8%，shenzhi3%。erqiejiagexiangduibianyi，tongqinfangbian，yihouyebupameiyoushichang。

chuzu，xiangduiyuchushou，duilaopoxiaokenengcaishigengwentuodexuanze。

huoxuzheibingbushizuihaodeshiji，danduiyubeipiaomenlaishuo，queshizhuzudezuihaojiedian。duiyutamenlaishuo，weilaiwangwangguoyumohude，fangzihuoxunengchengweikechujidemubiao。

renmenzaizhuiqiuguochengzhongyouzhebutongdeshenfenhejiaodu：maifangzheweizijinwentifachou，danyoujiage、maifangzhekuyujiagebaodiehezhihuanjuece、zhongjiemimangzaixingyedeqianjingzhong......

wulunchuzuhaishichushou，maifanghaishimaifang，bubiandeneiheshi，rendouzhanzaizijidepaodaoshang，kunhuozhewentihejuece。shenhou，fangshizhengzaibeishidaidelangchaoguoxiezheqianjin。

tamenyitingjianqipaodeqiangxiang，quebuzhizhongdianzaihefang。

duiyuweilai，jiaoziyizhihenleguan。tamizheyanjingchangxiang：yihouyoujihuidehua，dangranxianghuanyigeguangxianlianglidedahouseya！

tazhanzaizijigangdasaohaodexiaojiali，cizhuanbeicadeliangliangde。jiaozidasuanxiancouhezhuyiduanshijian，dengmingniankaichunle，zaizhaogeshejishizhongxinzhuangxiuyixia。

chuangwai，keyikanjianyouniandaigandetiezhalanheduimianxiaoloudehongqiang。

jiaozixihuanzheili。xianzaitameitianxiabanhuilai，doukeyikanjianlaorenmendaizhexiaohaizaixiaoquwannao。zhengzhijinqiu，dishangyouyicuculuoyebeiduizaiyiqi，caishangqushashazuoxiang。

jiaozishuo，tadefangzihezheigexiaoquyiyang。suiranyoudianzang，youdianluan，danshi，shizaiwenxin。

（文中所涉人物为化名）