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亚当·图兹:民主党的失败

minzhudangxuyaodeshizhengzhijia,erbushisuanfa。tamenxuyaodeshinenggouduidangdaimeiguomianlindeshenkewentizuochuhuiyingderenwu。

当地时间2024年11月11日,弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿国家公墓,美国总统乔·拜登(左)和副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯参加国家退伍军人日纪念活动。来源:人民视觉

文丨亚当·图兹(Adam Tooze,知名历史学家、哥伦比亚大学教授)

(本文经授权转自图兹教授的Chartbook中文版,原刊于微信公号“图说政经Chartbook”。本文英文版于2024年11月21日发表于《伦敦书评》。Chartbook是当今英文世界最具影响力的Newsletter之一,每周定期更新,用图表解读全球政经世界的激流与暗涌。)

2025年1月20日,唐纳德·特朗普将就任美国第47任总统。在撰写本文时,共和党似乎很有可能赢得众议院和参议院的控制权。对民主党来说,这是一次重大失败。zaimeiguodaxuanshanghuafeirucizhiduodezijin,queshouxiaoshenwei,zheishiqiansuoweiyoude。jinguantelangpuyuyiwanfuwengmendachengyipian,danhalisizaijingxuanzijinfangmianrengyouhendayoushi。

guanyuminzhudangweilaideguanlixingbianlunyijingkaishi。minzhudangdezuoyiniumengboni·sangdesi(bernie sanders)zhanchulai,jianruidiqianzeleminzhudangduigongrenjiejidepaoqi。cong2016niandetongkujiyidao20shiji90niandaibier·kelindunxiangzhengdeminzhudangdezhongxindingwei;congsituerte·huoer(stuart hall)dui20shiji70niandaiyingguoyouyizhuanxiangdekanfadaobeituoerte·bulaixite(bertolt brecht)zai20shiji30niandailiuwangqijiandexiezuo,lishilianxiangbuyierzu。danzaisuoyoudeguandianhelunzhengzhong,youliangtiaojieranbutongdemailuo。zaizuoyi,jiabuliaier·weinante(gabriel winant)zai《yiyi》(dissent)zhuanwenzhichu“minzhudangguanfangdegufangzishanghegubuzifeng”,tamenjihupobujidaidihuidaoxilali·kelindunyutelangpudezainanxingjingzheng(dexushi)zhong:

kandaobaidengdeguzhi(yiji)halisibufuzerendishenzhijujuerangyigexiangzhengxingdebalesitanyimeiguorenzaiminzhudangdahuishangfabiaoyuxianshenchaguodeyanjiang,renmenbujinyaowen,zheixiezhengkeshifouguanxintamendeshuying。tamenyihuierchenggonghedangrenshizhimingweixie,yihuieryouchengnuojiangtamennaruneige;tamenzantingleduifaxisicanshidejinggao,zhishiweilejishijieshangzuijujunshiqinlvexingdejiyouyihezhongzuzhuyizhengquandayanhu。

huanjuhuashuo,minzhudangzairenhefangmiandouwanquanmeiyouquedingyishixingtaibianlundezhanwei。tamendefangyuzitaihexuweizhihuigulitelangpu,tongshirangzijidexuanminshiqudongli,ertamenxianzaiwuyihuizhizezheixiexuanmin——fangfoshubaiwanfensan、wuzuzhidegerenkeyixiangzhengdanglingdaocengneiyanggouchengyigeyingshouqianzededuixiang。

weinanteduiminzhudangzhongjianpaidepipanweitatigongleyigebeijing,zaizheigebeijingxia,takeyizhaodaokamala·halisi,tadaibiaozhemeiguozhengjiegaocenggaochengjiu、buzhencheng、kongdongqiebulianguandehuashen。zheiyidianzai 2019 niantajingxuanzongtongtimingshijiuhenmingxian。2024 nian,zheiyidianbiandegengjiamingxian,yinweitazaiyuyanhaodefangtanzhongbiaoxiandexiangshizaisuanfadekongzhixia,nulijisuanzheshuochuzuibulingrenfangandeduanyuheliuxingyuzuhe,erbushiyigeyoushijixinyanghelichangderen。

bukefouren,halisimianlinzheyannvhezhongzuzhuyiqishi。zheixiejinglirangtazuizhumingdeyijuhua——“shiwoxianzaizaijianghua”——jidongrenxin。zheiliyouyigeren,yigejianchizijishengyinderen。dantayaobiaodashenmedewentiyirancunzai。taneigaogaozaishangdeyuqi,zhishifangdalejiejidongtai——yigejialifuniyashangcengzhongchanjiejikejiquanlvshizaijugaolinxiadishuojiao。

美国左派将失败的原因归咎于民主党的内部斗争,而那些更接近民主党中间派的人则倾向于反转视角,将其失败归咎于诸如后疫情时代的通货膨胀等环境因素或者归咎于2016年特朗普首次获胜后被吸收为党内主流的左翼政策立场。

中间派声称,左翼致力于身份政治,而这种身份政治对于大部分选民来说是无关紧要或令人厌恶的。tamenjiangzheizhongpipanyanshendaoletamensuoweidehongguanjinbuzhuyi(macro-progressivism)——minzhudangtuixingdemingxianjinbuzhuyidejingjizhengcedeyiyuan。zaozai 2021 nian,lali·samosi(larry summers)——bier·kelindun(bill clinton)decaizhengbuzhanghe 20 shiji 90 niandaixinziyouzhuyizhengtonglilundezuizhongzhixingzhe——jiucengduanzanjinggaoguotonghuopengzhangdeyingxiang。xianzai,2021-23 niandewujiachongjizaiminyidiaochazhongbeirenweishirenmentoupiaozhichitelangpudeyigeyuanyin,zhongjianpaiyaoqiuminzhudangjinhouyuanlirenhedadandejingjizhengceshiyan。

从历史的角度来看,这场关于民主党未来的路线斗争可能会有两种结果。20shiji90niandaichu,zaisanlianbaizhihou,minzhudangzhuanxiangyikelindunweidaibiaodexinziyouzhuyizhongxinzhenying。aobamaweichilezheiyilichang。2016nianhou,gaidangzhuanxiangzuoyi,youqishizai2018nianguohuizhongqixuanjuzhongqudetupohou。zheiyishitouyizhichixudao 2022 nianzhongqixuanju。xiayigekaoyanjiangshi 2026 niandezhongqixuanju。

zhengruyishujudaoxiangdexuezhesuozhichude,meiguojinqidejingjilishibingbuteshu。suizhehouyiqingshidaigongyinglianwentidehuanjie,tonghuopengzhangzaizhenggexifangdouhenpubian。youminzhudangkongzhideguohuihebaidengzhengfucong2020niankaishituixingdehailiangcijizhengce,zaijiagechongjifangmianbingmeiyoudailaibiqitaguojiamingxiangengchadejieguo。zaigdpzengzhang、shengchanlvhejiuyefangmian,meiguodebiaoxiangenghao。zaishijigongzifangmian,bupingdengchajusuoxiaole。yinci,minzhudangdesunshisuiranlingrentongxin,danbuzuweiguaideshi,qiyuyingguohuofaguodengguodezairenzhexiangbixiangduijiaoshao。

dangjinshidaimeiguozhengzhidexianzhutedianshishuangfangchajujixiao。zaizheicixuanjuzhong,tedingquntichuxianledadebiandong:lameiyinanxingbiandegengzhichitelangpu;daxuebiyeshenggengzhichihalisi;jingjitiaojianjiaohaodexuanmingengzhichiminzhudang;gongxinjiecenggengzhichigonghedang。danzheirengranshijigebaifendiandewenti,juedaduoshuxuanmingushouliangdazhenying,quanguodabufendiqujihumeiyouzhengyi。

duiyuneixiezaimeicixuanjuzhijianzhonggaibianzhuyidexuanminlaishuo,jiujingshishenmedadongletamenrengranmohubuqing。liangdangzaixuanjuzhongdexuanzedoushijiduande。tamenzaiyaobaizhoudejingzhengzuiweijilie,zhengduodeshijishiwanxuanmin,jinguanhouxuanrenzhijiancunzaimingxianchayi,liangdangyedoufabiaoleweiyansongtingdeyanlun,danzheixiexuanminxianranrengweizuochujueding。yinci,chuxianlezheiyangyizhongzixiangmaodundejingxiang:weileyingderenmendui“rangmeiguozaiciweida”huocongtelangpudebaozhengxiazhengjiumeiguominzhudenghongdashiyedezhichi,tamentigongleweibuzudaodemianbaohehuangyouzuoweiyouer。

面对这种超现实的情况,民主党中间派技术官僚对贝弗里奇曲线和产出缺口等细枝末节的执着关注,增加了左派对他们与其回声室之外的事物脱节的怀疑。这并不是否认通货膨胀的成因是有趣而重要的。但这一问题与主导竞选的意识形态认同冲突和美国工人阶级的日常斗争都相去甚远,而美国工人阶级的日常斗争不是这里或那里的消费价格指数的一个百分点的问题,而是住房、医疗保健、儿童保育和教育等基本生活成本问题。youyuquefabiyaodeduoshupiao,daguimodejiegouxinggaigeyiwucongtanqi。danminzhudangrenbuyingjiangzhenzhengdeshenghuochengbenweijiyuhongguanjingjizhengcediaozhengdexijiehunweiyitan。ruguozheiyangzuo,tamenjiuyoukenengjiangzijiweixiaodezhengzhibaofubianchengxujiadejiliangjingjixueyiyishangdequedingxing。

guoduyishujuweidaoxiangdefenxibenshenjiuhuichanshengyanzhongdewudao。32%dexuanminrenweijingjishitamenzaicicixuanjuzhongdeshouyaowenti,erqizhong80%derentoupiaojiletelangpu,zheiyishishiyinggaibeizhunquedilijieweiyizhongmiqiedexiangguanxing。zhiyuzheishifougouchengyinguoguanxi,rengranxuanerweijue。renmenqueshicunzaijingjiwenti,danwomenbuyingdiguxuanmin。

ruguozaizheicixuanjuzhong,nixuanzeshuojingjishinizuiguanxindewenti,neimenishouxianshizaijujuehalisijingxuanzhongzhanzhudaodiweideminzhujinjizhuangtaideyanlun。ruguozheicixuanjuduinilaishuoshiguanyumianbaohehuangyoudewenti,neimenijiumeiyoucanjiadikangyundong。yinci,zaizheiyiquntizhongfaxianruciduoshuderenzhichitelangpuyejiubuzuweiqile。

在当代美国,民意调查中的自我经济描述和政治认同都不是独立的变量。zaiweilaijizhounei,11 yuechuzaimixiegenxiaofeizheqingxuyueduzhishudengdiaochazhongxuanchengzijijingjizhuangkuangbujiadedaliangxuanminhenkenenghuiduizijidejingjizhuangkuanggandaohaoxie。shijishang,zaijiuye、wujiahuoshourufangmianmeiyoufashengrenhebianhua,danyouyu“tamenderen”huilaile,halisichujule,tamenhuigandaogengjialeguan。gonghedangdehexinxuanminzhiyi——xiaoweiqiyedeshangyexinxinkenengyehuichuxianleisidefeiyue。

通过宏观经济政策的微调来追求选票是愚蠢的,仿佛在权衡曲线上存在某个最佳点,能让摇摆州的足够多选票转投哈里斯阵营。我们需要的不是宏观经济政策的保守转变,而是更全面的政治努力来承认、处理和解决通胀问题。

ruguoshuozhongjianpaijishuguanliaodexiaofanweifenxijieshileyizhongqianzaidebaoshouzhuyi,neimezuopaidepipanzefanlexiangfandecuowu,guozaodibuzhuodaolejiaolvheshibaideshunjian。zheizaisixiangshangjuyouqifaxing。tatigongleyizhonganwei——yexushilengkude,danrengranshiyizhonganwei。dantashiwomenpianlileruhezaicishicidibimianzuihuaiqingkuangfashengdewenti。yexuminzhudangmuqiandegejuqueshiwufagouchengyigezhenzhengjinbudezhizhengjituan。tongyang,ruguomeiyouzheigejituan,meidangtamenhuodequanlishi,xuduoxiongxinbobodegaigejiuhuishoucuo。zheishibaidengzhengfudejiaoxun,yeshimeiguoxiandaishishangmeiyijiejinbuzhengfudejiaoxun。

danjiuhanweixianyouquanlihequanlidiweieryan,jiubaoliujinyibubiangedekenengxingeryan,jiufangzhichuxianzuihuaiqingkuangeryan,11 yue 5 rideguanjianshixuanjutuande 270 gexiwei。yaoxiangyoujihuiyingdezheixiexiwei,bingbuxuyaojianliyigelishixingdejinbujituan。womenxuyaodeshikaizhanyichangchengzhidejingxuanhuodong,bingpaichunenggouyilingrenxinfuhefangxindeyuyanchenshumeiguoxianshidehouxuanren,baokuomeiguodechengnuohetiaozhan。baidenghehalisidouweinengzuodaozheiyidian,erbaidengyizhilingrenfenkaidijujuerangwei,zhidaozuihouyike。zheishigaidangshiqulezhaodaogengqiangyoulihouxuanrendeyiqiejihui。

2020年,美国最需要的是让人放心,正常状态依然触手可及。但随着拜登任期的推移,他所提出的让美国回到特朗普上台前的伟大状态的理念日益凸显。拜登的总统任期是恢复主义的,哈里斯承诺将继续秉承这一精神。从本质上讲,他们想重演2020年,结果却发现自己回到了2016年。他们被特朗普充满魅力、自由散漫、毫无纪律的民族主义、排外主义、种族主义和厌女的激进主义承诺所击败。到 2026 年,选民可能会对此感到厌倦。虽然经济可能不会像 2017 年之后那样对特朗普有利;现在经济已经接近全面拉伸。外交政策比他的第一个任期更令人头疼:乌克兰问题可能会变成阿富汗问题之于拜登,成为一次耻辱性的失败。尽管他呼吁和平,但他在中东问题上的定位却指向相反的方向。到2028年,民主党的新班子可能会看好自己的机会。

作为正常政党有其吸引力,但这恰恰强化了错误的本能。正在发生的多重危机要求的不是恢复原状,而是在国内和国外采取紧急、进步的应对措施。民主党需要的是政治家,而不是算法。他们需要的是能够对当代美国面临的深刻问题做出回应的人物。

(文章仅代表作者观点。)

本文为转载内容,授权事宜请联系原著作权人。

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亚当·图兹:民主党的失败

minzhudangxuyaodeshizhengzhijia,erbushisuanfa。tamenxuyaodeshinenggouduidangdaimeiguomianlindeshenkewentizuochuhuiyingderenwu。

当地时间2024年11月11日,弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿国家公墓,美国总统乔·拜登(左)和副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯参加国家退伍军人日纪念活动。来源:人民视觉

文丨亚当·图兹(Adam Tooze,知名历史学家、哥伦比亚大学教授)

(本文经授权转自图兹教授的Chartbook中文版,原刊于微信公号“图说政经Chartbook”。本文英文版于2024年11月21日发表于《伦敦书评》。Chartbook是当今英文世界最具影响力的Newsletter之一,每周定期更新,用图表解读全球政经世界的激流与暗涌。)

2025年1月20日,唐纳德·特朗普将就任美国第47任总统。在撰写本文时,共和党似乎很有可能赢得众议院和参议院的控制权。对民主党来说,这是一次重大失败。zaimeiguodaxuanshanghuafeirucizhiduodezijin,queshouxiaoshenwei,zheishiqiansuoweiyoude。jinguantelangpuyuyiwanfuwengmendachengyipian,danhalisizaijingxuanzijinfangmianrengyouhendayoushi。

guanyuminzhudangweilaideguanlixingbianlunyijingkaishi。minzhudangdezuoyiniumengboni·sangdesi(bernie sanders)zhanchulai,jianruidiqianzeleminzhudangduigongrenjiejidepaoqi。cong2016niandetongkujiyidao20shiji90niandaibier·kelindunxiangzhengdeminzhudangdezhongxindingwei;congsituerte·huoer(stuart hall)dui20shiji70niandaiyingguoyouyizhuanxiangdekanfadaobeituoerte·bulaixite(bertolt brecht)zai20shiji30niandailiuwangqijiandexiezuo,lishilianxiangbuyierzu。danzaisuoyoudeguandianhelunzhengzhong,youliangtiaojieranbutongdemailuo。zaizuoyi,jiabuliaier·weinante(gabriel winant)zai《yiyi》(dissent)zhuanwenzhichu“minzhudangguanfangdegufangzishanghegubuzifeng”,tamenjihupobujidaidihuidaoxilali·kelindunyutelangpudezainanxingjingzheng(dexushi)zhong:

kandaobaidengdeguzhi(yiji)halisibufuzerendishenzhijujuerangyigexiangzhengxingdebalesitanyimeiguorenzaiminzhudangdahuishangfabiaoyuxianshenchaguodeyanjiang,renmenbujinyaowen,zheixiezhengkeshifouguanxintamendeshuying。tamenyihuierchenggonghedangrenshizhimingweixie,yihuieryouchengnuojiangtamennaruneige;tamenzantingleduifaxisicanshidejinggao,zhishiweilejishijieshangzuijujunshiqinlvexingdejiyouyihezhongzuzhuyizhengquandayanhu。

huanjuhuashuo,minzhudangzairenhefangmiandouwanquanmeiyouquedingyishixingtaibianlundezhanwei。tamendefangyuzitaihexuweizhihuigulitelangpu,tongshirangzijidexuanminshiqudongli,ertamenxianzaiwuyihuizhizezheixiexuanmin——fangfoshubaiwanfensan、wuzuzhidegerenkeyixiangzhengdanglingdaocengneiyanggouchengyigeyingshouqianzededuixiang。

weinanteduiminzhudangzhongjianpaidepipanweitatigongleyigebeijing,zaizheigebeijingxia,takeyizhaodaokamala·halisi,tadaibiaozhemeiguozhengjiegaocenggaochengjiu、buzhencheng、kongdongqiebulianguandehuashen。zheiyidianzai 2019 niantajingxuanzongtongtimingshijiuhenmingxian。2024 nian,zheiyidianbiandegengjiamingxian,yinweitazaiyuyanhaodefangtanzhongbiaoxiandexiangshizaisuanfadekongzhixia,nulijisuanzheshuochuzuibulingrenfangandeduanyuheliuxingyuzuhe,erbushiyigeyoushijixinyanghelichangderen。

bukefouren,halisimianlinzheyannvhezhongzuzhuyiqishi。zheixiejinglirangtazuizhumingdeyijuhua——“shiwoxianzaizaijianghua”——jidongrenxin。zheiliyouyigeren,yigejianchizijishengyinderen。dantayaobiaodashenmedewentiyirancunzai。taneigaogaozaishangdeyuqi,zhishifangdalejiejidongtai——yigejialifuniyashangcengzhongchanjiejikejiquanlvshizaijugaolinxiadishuojiao。

美国左派将失败的原因归咎于民主党的内部斗争,而那些更接近民主党中间派的人则倾向于反转视角,将其失败归咎于诸如后疫情时代的通货膨胀等环境因素或者归咎于2016年特朗普首次获胜后被吸收为党内主流的左翼政策立场。

中间派声称,左翼致力于身份政治,而这种身份政治对于大部分选民来说是无关紧要或令人厌恶的。tamenjiangzheizhongpipanyanshendaoletamensuoweidehongguanjinbuzhuyi(macro-progressivism)——minzhudangtuixingdemingxianjinbuzhuyidejingjizhengcedeyiyuan。zaozai 2021 nian,lali·samosi(larry summers)——bier·kelindun(bill clinton)decaizhengbuzhanghe 20 shiji 90 niandaixinziyouzhuyizhengtonglilundezuizhongzhixingzhe——jiucengduanzanjinggaoguotonghuopengzhangdeyingxiang。xianzai,2021-23 niandewujiachongjizaiminyidiaochazhongbeirenweishirenmentoupiaozhichitelangpudeyigeyuanyin,zhongjianpaiyaoqiuminzhudangjinhouyuanlirenhedadandejingjizhengceshiyan。

从历史的角度来看,这场关于民主党未来的路线斗争可能会有两种结果。20shiji90niandaichu,zaisanlianbaizhihou,minzhudangzhuanxiangyikelindunweidaibiaodexinziyouzhuyizhongxinzhenying。aobamaweichilezheiyilichang。2016nianhou,gaidangzhuanxiangzuoyi,youqishizai2018nianguohuizhongqixuanjuzhongqudetupohou。zheiyishitouyizhichixudao 2022 nianzhongqixuanju。xiayigekaoyanjiangshi 2026 niandezhongqixuanju。

zhengruyishujudaoxiangdexuezhesuozhichude,meiguojinqidejingjilishibingbuteshu。suizhehouyiqingshidaigongyinglianwentidehuanjie,tonghuopengzhangzaizhenggexifangdouhenpubian。youminzhudangkongzhideguohuihebaidengzhengfucong2020niankaishituixingdehailiangcijizhengce,zaijiagechongjifangmianbingmeiyoudailaibiqitaguojiamingxiangengchadejieguo。zaigdpzengzhang、shengchanlvhejiuyefangmian,meiguodebiaoxiangenghao。zaishijigongzifangmian,bupingdengchajusuoxiaole。yinci,minzhudangdesunshisuiranlingrentongxin,danbuzuweiguaideshi,qiyuyingguohuofaguodengguodezairenzhexiangbixiangduijiaoshao。

dangjinshidaimeiguozhengzhidexianzhutedianshishuangfangchajujixiao。zaizheicixuanjuzhong,tedingquntichuxianledadebiandong:lameiyinanxingbiandegengzhichitelangpu;daxuebiyeshenggengzhichihalisi;jingjitiaojianjiaohaodexuanmingengzhichiminzhudang;gongxinjiecenggengzhichigonghedang。danzheirengranshijigebaifendiandewenti,juedaduoshuxuanmingushouliangdazhenying,quanguodabufendiqujihumeiyouzhengyi。

duiyuneixiezaimeicixuanjuzhijianzhonggaibianzhuyidexuanminlaishuo,jiujingshishenmedadongletamenrengranmohubuqing。liangdangzaixuanjuzhongdexuanzedoushijiduande。tamenzaiyaobaizhoudejingzhengzuiweijilie,zhengduodeshijishiwanxuanmin,jinguanhouxuanrenzhijiancunzaimingxianchayi,liangdangyedoufabiaoleweiyansongtingdeyanlun,danzheixiexuanminxianranrengweizuochujueding。yinci,chuxianlezheiyangyizhongzixiangmaodundejingxiang:weileyingderenmendui“rangmeiguozaiciweida”huocongtelangpudebaozhengxiazhengjiumeiguominzhudenghongdashiyedezhichi,tamentigongleweibuzudaodemianbaohehuangyouzuoweiyouer。

面对这种超现实的情况,民主党中间派技术官僚对贝弗里奇曲线和产出缺口等细枝末节的执着关注,增加了左派对他们与其回声室之外的事物脱节的怀疑。这并不是否认通货膨胀的成因是有趣而重要的。但这一问题与主导竞选的意识形态认同冲突和美国工人阶级的日常斗争都相去甚远,而美国工人阶级的日常斗争不是这里或那里的消费价格指数的一个百分点的问题,而是住房、医疗保健、儿童保育和教育等基本生活成本问题。youyuquefabiyaodeduoshupiao,daguimodejiegouxinggaigeyiwucongtanqi。danminzhudangrenbuyingjiangzhenzhengdeshenghuochengbenweijiyuhongguanjingjizhengcediaozhengdexijiehunweiyitan。ruguozheiyangzuo,tamenjiuyoukenengjiangzijiweixiaodezhengzhibaofubianchengxujiadejiliangjingjixueyiyishangdequedingxing。

guoduyishujuweidaoxiangdefenxibenshenjiuhuichanshengyanzhongdewudao。32%dexuanminrenweijingjishitamenzaicicixuanjuzhongdeshouyaowenti,erqizhong80%derentoupiaojiletelangpu,zheiyishishiyinggaibeizhunquedilijieweiyizhongmiqiedexiangguanxing。zhiyuzheishifougouchengyinguoguanxi,rengranxuanerweijue。renmenqueshicunzaijingjiwenti,danwomenbuyingdiguxuanmin。

ruguozaizheicixuanjuzhong,nixuanzeshuojingjishinizuiguanxindewenti,neimenishouxianshizaijujuehalisijingxuanzhongzhanzhudaodiweideminzhujinjizhuangtaideyanlun。ruguozheicixuanjuduinilaishuoshiguanyumianbaohehuangyoudewenti,neimenijiumeiyoucanjiadikangyundong。yinci,zaizheiyiquntizhongfaxianruciduoshuderenzhichitelangpuyejiubuzuweiqile。

在当代美国,民意调查中的自我经济描述和政治认同都不是独立的变量。zaiweilaijizhounei,11 yuechuzaimixiegenxiaofeizheqingxuyueduzhishudengdiaochazhongxuanchengzijijingjizhuangkuangbujiadedaliangxuanminhenkenenghuiduizijidejingjizhuangkuanggandaohaoxie。shijishang,zaijiuye、wujiahuoshourufangmianmeiyoufashengrenhebianhua,danyouyu“tamenderen”huilaile,halisichujule,tamenhuigandaogengjialeguan。gonghedangdehexinxuanminzhiyi——xiaoweiqiyedeshangyexinxinkenengyehuichuxianleisidefeiyue。

通过宏观经济政策的微调来追求选票是愚蠢的,仿佛在权衡曲线上存在某个最佳点,能让摇摆州的足够多选票转投哈里斯阵营。我们需要的不是宏观经济政策的保守转变,而是更全面的政治努力来承认、处理和解决通胀问题。

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danjiuhanweixianyouquanlihequanlidiweieryan,jiubaoliujinyibubiangedekenengxingeryan,jiufangzhichuxianzuihuaiqingkuangeryan,11 yue 5 rideguanjianshixuanjutuande 270 gexiwei。yaoxiangyoujihuiyingdezheixiexiwei,bingbuxuyaojianliyigelishixingdejinbujituan。womenxuyaodeshikaizhanyichangchengzhidejingxuanhuodong,bingpaichunenggouyilingrenxinfuhefangxindeyuyanchenshumeiguoxianshidehouxuanren,baokuomeiguodechengnuohetiaozhan。baidenghehalisidouweinengzuodaozheiyidian,erbaidengyizhilingrenfenkaidijujuerangwei,zhidaozuihouyike。zheishigaidangshiqulezhaodaogengqiangyoulihouxuanrendeyiqiejihui。

2020年,美国最需要的是让人放心,正常状态依然触手可及。但随着拜登任期的推移,他所提出的让美国回到特朗普上台前的伟大状态的理念日益凸显。拜登的总统任期是恢复主义的,哈里斯承诺将继续秉承这一精神。从本质上讲,他们想重演2020年,结果却发现自己回到了2016年。他们被特朗普充满魅力、自由散漫、毫无纪律的民族主义、排外主义、种族主义和厌女的激进主义承诺所击败。到 2026 年,选民可能会对此感到厌倦。虽然经济可能不会像 2017 年之后那样对特朗普有利;现在经济已经接近全面拉伸。外交政策比他的第一个任期更令人头疼:乌克兰问题可能会变成阿富汗问题之于拜登,成为一次耻辱性的失败。尽管他呼吁和平,但他在中东问题上的定位却指向相反的方向。到2028年,民主党的新班子可能会看好自己的机会。

作为正常政党有其吸引力,但这恰恰强化了错误的本能。正在发生的多重危机要求的不是恢复原状,而是在国内和国外采取紧急、进步的应对措施。民主党需要的是政治家,而不是算法。他们需要的是能够对当代美国面临的深刻问题做出回应的人物。

(文章仅代表作者观点。)

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