记者 | 安晶

编辑｜刘海川

cong2023nian10yuekaishidebenlunbayichongtu、ganggangdachengcuiruotinghuodeliyichongtu、yiselieyuyilangdeduizhiyijiewuchongtuchixuzhengzaichanshengxindewaiyiyingxiang。

2024nian12yue1ri，xuliyazhengfujunheeluosikongtianjunduixuliyaxibeibudealeposheng、yidelibushenghehamashengfadongkongxi，yidajixuliyafanzhengfuwuzhuang。

shangzhouwu，xuliyafanzhengfuwuzhuanggongrualeposhengshoufu、xuliyadierdachengshialepo，wei2016nianyilaideshouci。zaizhanlingalepodabufendiqu、zaishizhongxinshengqiqizhihou，fanzhengfuwuzhuangkaishixiangyidelibushenghehamashengtuijin。yuanbenchuyuxiangduipingjingdexuliyazhanhuozhongran。

xuliyacong2011nianxianruneizhan，suihouchengweizhongdongguojiayijimeiguo、tuerqi、yilang、eluosidengdaguodeshilijiaozhuchang。eluosi、yilangyijilibanenzhenzhudangshixuliyazhengfudeguanjianmengyou，fanduipaiwuzhuangzededaotuerqi、shatealabo、meiguo、kataerdengduoguozhichi。

kongbuzuzhi“yisilanguo”（isis）yechenluanzaixuliyagongchenglvedi，xuanbuzaixuliyalaka“dingdou”。

zaieluosidengmengyoudezhiyuanxia，xuliyazhengfuzaineizhanzhongwenzhulezhenjiao，deyizhongxinkongzhi70%delingtu。2016nian，zhengshizaieluosi、yilanghelibanenzhenzhudangdexiezhuxia，xuliyazhengfucongfanduipaiwuzhuangshouzhongduohuialepo，chengweixuliyaneizhandezhuanzhedian。

meiguozejiedajiisiszhimingxiangxuliyapaibingbingyuxuliyabeibudefanzhengfuwuzhuang“xuliyaminzhuliliang”（sdf）jieweimengyou，rujinrengyou900mingmeijunshibingzhuzhazaixubeibudesdfkongzhiqu。

sdfdezhulishikuerdewuzhuang“renminbaohubudui”，tuerqijiangrenminbaohubuduishiweitukongbuzuzhikuerdegongrendangdefenzhi。weidajirenminbaohubudui，tuerqiduociduixubeibufadongjunshixingdongbingyinciyumeiguomaodunbuduan，tuerqiduixubeibudekongxichixuzhijin。yiselieyeyidajiyilanghelibanenzhenzhudangmubiaoweiyou，pinfankongxixuliya。

danzieluosiyutuerqizai2020niandachengtinghuoxieyiyilai，xuliyaneizhangefanghuifulexiangduipingjing。fanzhengfuwuzhuangyuxuliyazhengfujunsuiranyoulingxingchongtu，danmeiyoudaguimojiaohuo。alaboguojiakaishizhongxinjienaxuliyazhengfu，xuliyayuqunianzhongfanalaboguojialianmeng。tuerqiyexunqiuyuxuliyagaishanguanxi、dachenghejie。

benlunbayichongtuyilai，xuliyazhengfudeguanjianmengyoulibanenzhenzhudangchengweiyiseliedezhongdiandajiduixiang，yilangyuyiselieduizhishengji，eluosijiangzhuyaobinglitouruewuchongtu。zheiyixiliechongtuweixuliyafanzhengfupaiwuzhuangturanfanpuzhizaoleqiji。

俄罗斯和伊朗支援

据报道，叙反政府武装上周五攻入阿勒颇之前，各武装已在阿勒颇省和伊德利卜省与叙利亚政府军进行了2天的大规模交火。叙反政府武装发donggongshideshijianzhenghaoshilibanenzhenzhudangyuyiseliedetinghuoxieyishengxiaozhishi。

daoshangzhouliu，xuliyajunfangzhengshi，fanzhengfuwuzhuangjinrulealepodedabufendiqu。dangdijuminjieshoumeiticaifangshicheng，fanzhengfuwuzhuangzaialepodaxueheshizhongxinguangchangshengqileqizhi。gewuzhuangsuihouxiangyidelibushenghehamashengtuijin，shitukongzhihamashengshoufuhama。

fabiaoshengming，xuanbuyushangzhouliuwanjiaqianghamashengbeibudefangyu，zuzhifanzhengfuwuzhuangjinyibutupo。

xuliyazhumeiguoqiandashi，jinjigeyueyiselieduixuliyajingneilibanenzhenzhudangmubiaodemijikongxiyijiliyitinghuo，weixufanduipaiwuzhuangjingongtigonglejihui。xuliyarenquanguanchazuzhifuzerenlami·abudulahemanhaizhichu，libanenzhenzhudangshixuliyazhengfukongzhialepodeguanjianliliang。

fanduipaiwuzhuangjinrualepohou，xuliyazhengfudeguanjianmengyoueluosilvxianzuochufanying。jutasishebaodao，shangzhouri，eluosikongtianjunhexuliyazhengfujunduialeposheng、yidelibushenghehamashengdekongxizaochengzhishao320mingfanzhengfuwuzhuangsangsheng。

yilangwaizhangabasi·alageqiyeyudangtianhuosufangwenxuliyashoudoudamashige，yuxuzongtongbashaer·asadehuimian。asadechengnuoxuzhengfujunjiangzaisuoyoulingtushangjixudajikongbuzuzhi。alageqizezhongshen，yilangjiang“quanlizhichi”xuzhengfudajikongbuzhuyidexingdong。

alageqishangzhouwuyuxuliyawaizhangtonghuashizhizeyiseliehemeiguocehualexufanzhengfuwuzhuangdexingdong。yiseliemeiyouzhiping，danjubaodao，gaiguoanquanneigezhaokailetebiehuiyitaolunxuliyajushi。yilanghelibanenzhenzhudangyinxuliyaneizhanfenxin，duiyiselieeryanshilihaoxiaoxi。

zaiyilangfashengzhishi，yilanglingdaode“dikangzhouxin”chengyuanyekaishijiuxuliyajushibiaotai。

weiyuyilakedeqinyilangwuzhuang“”fabiaoshengming，zhizeyiseliehemeiguoshituxueruodikangzhouxin，xuanbugaiwuzhuangyijingzhunbeihaochiyuanxuliyazhengfujun。dikangzhouxinweifanyifanmeilianmeng，chengyuanbaokuoxuliyazhengfujun、libanenzhenzhudang、balesitanyisilandikangyundong（hamasi）、yemenhusaiwuzhuang、yilakeshenyepaiwuzhuang。

土耳其行动

tuerqishixuliyaneizhanzhongbukehushideguanjianliliang，weiduozhifanzhengfuwuzhuangtigongzhichi。tuerqiyueluosisuiranzaitianranqi、s-400fangkongdaodandenglingyujianlilehezuo，danzaixuliya、libiya、asaibaijiangdengdiquwentishangcunzailiyifenqi。

zaixuliyaneizhanqianqi，tuerqidemubiaoshituifanasadezhengfu，tuerqizongtongleijiepu·tayipu·aierduoanguogaimubiao。xuliyazhengfuzhanwenjiaogen、yualaboguojiahejiehou，tuerqiyexunqiugaishanyuxuliyadeguanxi。danxuliyabeibudekuerdewuzhuangyizhishiaierduoandexinfudahuan，kuerdegongrendangmubiaozaituerqi、xuliya、yilakebianjingdiqudulijianguo。

ciciduialepofadongtuxidexuliyafanzhengfuwuzhuangzhengshiyouqintuerqideshamujiefangzuzhi（hts）lingdao，jingongduiwuzhonghaiyouqitaqintuerqiwuzhuang。shamujiefangzuzhibeilianheguodingweikongbuzuzhi，qianshenshijidizuzhifenzhi、zaixuliyaneizhanzhongchoumingzhaozhudenusilazhenxian。nusilazhenxianjingguoduocigaiming，haicengxiaozhongisis。

guojifeiyinglizuzhi“”（acled）dezhuizongxianshi，isisxuanbu“jianguo”zhihou，isisshirentoumuabu·bakeer·bagedadiyaoqiunusilazhenxianjiesan。nusilazhenxianjujuelebagedadideyaoqiu、yuisisjueliebingkaishizaixuliyaxibeibuyuisiszuozhan。dao2016nian，gaizuzhijinyibuyujidizuzhijueliebingfashengneidou，tuolijidizuzhideyipaigaimingweizhengfuxuliyazhenxian。

zhengfuxuliyazhenxiansuihouyuqitafanduipaiwuzhuangchenglileshamujiefangzuzhi。shamujiefangzuzhizaixuliyaxibeibubuduankuozhangshifangqilebufenjiduansuqiubingkaishixiangfanduipaizhengfuzhuanxing。2017nian，gaizuzhizaiyidelibushengjianlile“xuliyajiuguozhengfu”。xuliyaxibeibudealeposheng、yidelibusheng、hamasheng、latajiyashengdouyoushamujiefangzuzhidekongzhiqu。

acledzhuizongzhichu，shamujiefangzuzhiyu2022nianjiadaduixuliyazhengfujunmubiaodexiji。dangnian，tuerqiyuxuliyakaishizhankaiduihuayihuanheliangguoguanxi。acledtuice，dangshidedaotuerqizhichideshamujiefangzuzhixiangtongguojiadaxiji，poshituerqizaiyuxuliyatanpanshikaolvgaizuzhidesuqiu。

tuerqianquanbumenguanyuanshangzhoujieshoucaifangshicheng，xufanduipaiwuzhuangzhishiduialepofaqile“youxianxingdong”，mudeshijiaotingxuliyazhengfuheeluosijunduiduiyidelibudekongxi。

tuerqiyueluosi2020niandachengdetinghuoxieyizhengshishejiyidelibusheng。xieyiqiandingqian，xuliyazhengfujunzaiyidelibudekongxidasile36mingtuerqishibing，tuerqisuijixuanbuduixufaqijunshixingdong。xieyidedachengshiweilefangzhixuliyajushijinyibuehua、bimiantuerqiyueluosizhijiejiaoshou。

genjuxieyi，chulegefangzaiyidelibutinghuozhiwai，gaishenghaishelilechongtujiangjiqu。tuerqiguanyuancheng，xuliyazhengfujinqiduiyidelibudexijishidechongtujiangjiqudemianjisuoshui，tuerqidewaijiaowoxuanmeinengzuzhixuzhengfuduifanzhengfuwuzhuangzhanlingqudejingong。

duiyualepodejushibianhua，tuerqiwaijiaobuzhanghakan·feidanshangzhouriyumeiguoguowuqingandongni·bulinkentonghuashibiaoshi，tuerqifanduirenhehuijiajugaidiqubuwendingdeshitaifazhan，zanchenghuanhexuliyajinzhangjushi。dantatongshiqiangdiao，weilezaixuliyajianlihepingyuanning，bixuwanchengxuliyazhengquanyufanduipaizhijiandezhengzhijincheng。

erjiuzaifeidanbiaotaidangtian，tuerqizhichidexufanzhengfuwuzhuang“xuliyaguominjun”xuanbubaoweialeposhengbeibudetaier-lifate（tell rifaat），yizuzhikuerdewuzhuangrenminbaohubuduizaidangdishelizoulanglianjiealeposhengdongbeibu、kaojintuerqibianjingdemanbiji。

xuliyaguominjunshiyushamujiefangzuzhiyitonggongrualepodewuzhuangzhiyi。jubaodao，xuliyaguominjunyushangzhouriduirenminbaohubuduifaqidaihaowei“ziyouliming”dejunshixingdong。baodaozhichu，xuliyaguominjunjinrualepohou，jiangwanchengduitaier-lifatedequanfangweibaowei。taier-lifatejulialeposhiyibeiyue40gongli，shirenminbaohubuduikongzhiqu。

jijiangzaodaogongjidekuerdewuzhuangyezhunbeijiaruluanju。renminbaohubuduisuoshudefabiaoshengming，qianzetuerqicehuaxuliyagewuzhuangduialepodejingongbingxuanbu“zaiyouxuyaoshi，womenjiangjieruyibaohuwomenderenmin”。

zhouyi，yilangwaizhangalageqijiangdidatuerqi，taolunxuliyajushi。eluosiwaizhangxieergai·lafuluofuyijingyuyilanghetuerqiwaizhangtonghua，biaodaduixuliyajushi“weixianshengji”dedanyou。