wen｜lishishangyepinglun  zhangfei

cengjingbeichengwei“ribenzuiweidadesandafamingzhiyi”，weizhisugongsifaxiandeweijingzuoweiribenshipingongyededianjingzhibi，shenshendiyingxiangleribenshenzhishijiedeshipingongyehuajincheng。

weizhisuchenggongdijiangzheigequanxinchanpintuixiangshichang，binghuodelegongyeheminyongqudao、guoneiheguowaishichangdeshuangzhongchenggong。

zuoweiyige100duoniandeqiye，weizhisujinglileliangcishijiedazhanheshucijingjiweiji。shucicongdiguzhongzouchulaideweizhisu，youhenduochenggongdejingyan，yeyouchentongdejiaoxun。

1、日本食品工业的点睛之笔

buru20shiji，zairibenxiandaihuahegongyehuajinchengzhong，shipingongyekaishifazhan。ruhetigaoshipindekouweihepinzhitongshishixiangongyehuashengchan，chengleshipinzhizaoqiyede“kabozi”wenti。

cishi，biyeyudongjingdaxuehuaxuezhuanyedechitianboshi，qianwangdeguoxuexi。deguorenqiangjiandetigejifaletagaishanribenrenminyingyangzhuangkuangdeqianglieyuanwang。huiguohou，danrendongjingdiguodaxue（xianzaidedongjingdaxue）jiaoshoudechitianjiaoshou，yixinzhajinlezheigelingyu。

1908nian，chitianboshizhuyidaoribenrenxihuanhedehaidaitang，juyoubutongyutian、suan、ku、xiandeteshuweidao，tajiangqimingmingwei“xianwei”。tongguoduihaidaitangdechixufenxi，tazhongyuzhaodaolexianweidezhongjimimi——guansuanna（monosodium glutamate，weijing），binghuodezhuanli。

weijingzuoweiyizhongweidadefaming，shijiejueshipingongyewentidewanmeidaan。

huoderibenneiwushengzaijiankangheanquanfangmianwuhaidebeishuhou，zhiliyushengchandiandenggongyechanpindesanlangjieershizuoweiweizhisudelingyiweichuangshiren，zheshoujiejueweijingdeliangchanwenti。zaijiejueleqiangsuanfushirongqideyixiliejishouwentizhihou，aji-no-moto®weizhisujituanchenglile。

sanlangjieershizaidongjingdouzhongyangqushelibanshichu，haianzhuanglezhanshichuangkouhediandengxiyinmuguang，zheizaidangshishihanjiande。tarangdidi——xuezhelingmuzhonger，fuzexindiaoweiliaodeyanfa，zhangzisanlangfuzexiaoshouheguanggao。jishu、qudaoyuyingxiaobingjiaqiqudexianjinfazhanmoshi，chengweiweizhisuchenggongdexianjuetiaojian。

buguo，weizhisudeqibubingfeiyifanfengshun。

zaiyiwanhaidaitangheroutangmai3meifendeshihou，yixiaoping14kedeweizhisushoujiaquegaoda40meifen，yincixiaoshoucandan。sanlangjieershijijidizaizhongguotaiwan、hanguohezhongguodaluxunzhaoxiaoshouqudao，xiangyubingshengchanshangtuixiaochanpin，bingzaibaozhishangkandengguanggao，danshouxiaoshenwei。

zhuanjifashengzai1913nianzhi1914nianjian，weizhisudechuanqigongchangjianchengchengbenkaishixiajiang，jiashangdiyicishijiedazhanqijianzhanbeiwuzidexuqiuheyincidailaideribenjingjifanrong，rangweizhisudeyejikaishijiejiepansheng。

1917nian，sanlangjieershiduiweizhisujinxinglegongsihuayunying，zairibendongjing、beihaidaokaishegongchang，haizainiuyueshelilebanshichu，jiangchanpinxiaoshoujishipinjiagongchang、canyinyeheqitashipinshengchanqiye，zuoweidiaoweiliaoheshipintianjiajishiyong。

weilehuodewendingdezhilianghechanpinmeiyudu，weizhisuyuyuanliaogongyingshangzhangqihezuobingshixingyangedeshenhe，duishengchanguochengbiaozhunhua，bingshixingyanmidejiankongcuoshi，haiduichanpinshelileyangedezhiliangjianyantixi，congerzhujianzaikehuzhonghuodelezhimingduhexinyu。

beiyuweiriben“sandachuangxin”zhiyideweizhisu，zaixingyezhanlan、jishupeixun、yuxingyexiehuihezuodengduozhongshouduandezhutuixia，xingyediweijiejiepansheng，anjisuanjishudedaoleguangfanliyong，bingqiexunsuxianghaiwaikuozhang。

1923nian，weizhisujiangzhizaodiaoweiliao（weijing）dezhuanliqixianyanzhangle6nian，yibiangenghaodipaomaquandi。1927nian，qixinjiapo、zhongguoxianggangbanshichuchengli，weizhisuzaizhongguodeduogechengshixunsukuozhang。

suizheribenjingjidefazhanherenmenshenghuoshuipingdetigao，minyongshichangdexiaofeizhezaijiazhongxiangshoumeiweijiankangyinshidehushengyuelaiyueda。cishi，weizhisuzaigongyeshichangyijinghuodejueduidelongtouweizhi，shichangzhujianquyuwending，tayishidaozheiyibianhua，kaishiwenjiandizhongquanchujiminyongshichang。

zheizhongxiangongyehouminyongdetuiguangshunxu，youzhuyuweizhisuzaiqianqizhubutishengshengchannengli，bingchixiazuidadeshichang，huodewenjiandefazhanhechixuwendingdegongying。

buguoconggongyekehudaozhimianxiaofeizhe，weizhisuyemianlinzhexindetiaozhan。

minyongshichangjingzhengjilie，xiaofeizhepianhaohexuqiubianhuajiaokuai，yaozaijiliedejingzhengzhongtuoyingerchu，xuyaojubeiqiangdadepinpaiyingxiangli、wanshandequdaowangluo、qiangdadequdaoguanlihekongzhili，fangzhijiagezhanhequdaojiufendeng。

weizhisutongguogaibianchanpindebaozhuangsheji，yulingshouqudaohechaoshidenglingshoushanghezuo，tongguoguanggao、cuxiaohuodongdengfangshitishengpinpaizhimingduhechanpinrenzhidu，zaiminyongshichangdekoubeizhujianjianli。tatongguogezhongqudaoguangfanxuanchuanweijingdehaochu，cujinshichangxuqiuzengzhang。

cishi，shichangqueqiaoranbianhua。

suizheweijingdepujidutisheng，quanqiufanweineiweijingdegongyingfashengbianhua，jiagejingzhengshunjiankaiqi。

zuoweixingyedexianxingzhe，yijingzhanjulequdaoyoushideweizhisu，zaiduoniandejishugailiangzhong，tongyangjubeitarenwufaqijidechengbenyoushi。1931nian，weizhisuyinianzhineijinxingleshucijiangjia，lvxiandaqilejiagezhan。

jingciyiyi，weizhisudechanpincongchengshikuozhandaonongcun，yejijiejiepansheng。

1934nian，tongguotishengnaisuanjishuhejiangyuancailiaozhuanhuaweituozhidadou，weizhisudechengbenjinyibujiangdi，weilejiangfuchanpingongyehuajinyibujiangdichengben，weizhisuhaichenglilezhaohepijiuyouxiangongsi，tuichuanjisuanrongyeajieki，bingzai1936niankaifahetuichuleesusanfeiliao，jinyibubianfeiweibao。

qiangshidiyizhanlve，rangweizhisutongguobuduanchuangxin、lingxianjishu、shichangzhanyoulvdengshouduan，quelizijidelingdaodiwei，bingbaochigaidiwei，zheiyechengweicihouqichenggongdeguanjian。

2、扩张和国际化

1930niandai，ribenweizhisuquanmiankaiqiguojishichang，tebieshiyazhouhebeimeishichang。danerzhandebaofa，duiweizhisueryanquechanshengleyuyizhanjieranbutongdejieguo。

erzhanqijian，ribenchengshibeizhahui、jingjibengkui、shehuidongdang，ziyuanduanqueheshipingongyingliandezhongduan，shengchansheshidepohuai，rangweizhisudexiaofeixuqiuhegongyinglianyanzhongpohuai。1941nian，gongsizhuanershengchanyongyudianjie、yanghualvdengdanyaodejunyongwuzi，baozhiguanggaoyetingzhile。

zuoweizhanbaiguo，1946nian，mianduimengjunzongbujiesandaxinggongyejituandezhengce，weizhisuzhongxinhuiguibentiyewu，lingmujiazutuichuleguanliceng，bingshifangletamendegufen。1948nian5yue，henzaojiubandaomeiguo，youchongzuguojijingyandetoyonobu domenchengweigongsizongcai。

domenshierzhanhouribenguojishangyejiedejiaojiaozhe，biaoxianchulehanjiandelingdaocaineng。

zaitadelingdaoxia，weizhisukaishixiangxiandaihuagongsizhuanbian，yinrulishihuihuiyizhidu，gongkaizhaopinguyuan，bingqiekaishijinxinghaiwaikaocha，tuozhanxiaoshouwangluo。1949nian，weizhisushangshi。cihousannian，domensancifangwenmeiguo，chenggongdijiangweijingmaijileneilidezhuyaoshipingongsiheqitatuanti。

50niandai，luoshanji、niuyue、shengbaoluo、bali、mangu、feilvbin、taiguo、xinjiapohexianggangshelidexinbanshichufenfenchengli，tongguohuifubaozhiguanggaohelingshoushangdiancuxiao，shiqixitongzhonghuizhenggui。1950nian8yue，gongsiguojixiaoshouezhandaolezongshourude20%。

chuletuokuanxiaolu，weilebimiandadoudengnongchanpindejiagehezhiliangbuwending、shebeiyinsuanerbianzhidengwentidailaideshengchanbuquedingxing，domenchenglilezhongyangyanjiushi，kaifaleweishengwufajiaofahehuaxuehechengdefangfa，weizhisudeshengchanlvyoulexunsutisheng。

suizhejingzhengdejiaju，weizhisuyibianliyongchengbenyoushiqiangzhanshichang，yibianzaiweijingzhongjiarulejigansuan（ganjianyupiandexianweichengfen）heniaogansuan（xianggudexianweichengfen），yongfuheweidaozhengquyonghudeweilei。1956nian，weizhisutuichubixuanjisuanjingti（shuyechengfen），zaichuanqichenglizhongyangyanjiushiyanshi，jinyibuzaijishushangxunzhaoxindekeneng。

1963nian，weizhisuyumeiguojialeshigongsi（cpc）hezuochenglikenuoershipinyouxiangongsi，tuichujialeshiyumipian。cihouyoutuichujialetang、danhuangjiangdengchanpin，bingkaishixiangqixuexiyunyongmeiguoxiandaiyingxiaofangfa。

zaiqudaohechanpinduoyuanhuayijiyanfajishuzhichengxia，gongsijinjunleqingduntang、lamiantang、danhuangjiang、shiyongyoudengliuxingshipinhekeyongde、bianjiedebixupin，laimanzushichangxuqiu。1965nian，weizhisutuichusiliaoyonglaiansuan。

jingenzhezhanhouzhongjianhejingjifazhan，ribendeweijingxiaofeiliangchixukuaisuzengzhang，1968niandadao76000dun（yichanliangjianquchukouliangjisuan），jirenjun744.5ke，qiegongyequdaodezhanbizhujianjiangdi。zheiyinian，ribenchengweishijiedierjingjiti，weizhisudechukoufenedadaole49%。

ranerfanrongquezai1973niandeshiyouweijizhongjiaranerzhi。

3、多元化发展

1973nian，diyicishiyouweiji，ribendechukoueduzhijieconggaochuyaozhan。

weizhisuxunsujieyuenengyuan、suoxiaoguimo，bingkaishizhelifazhanduozhongzhongcandiaoweiliao，genjuyazhourendekouwei，tuichulezhenduidangdimeishifengweidejiangyou、weicheng、cudengdiaoweiliao，jiangyewutuozhandaoyuenanheniriliya，chongfenfahuiqizhixiaowangluodexiaoshounengli。

weizhisuhaigenmeiguotongyongshipingongsihezuotuichulesurongkafei，bingzainanmeilingshouyewuzhongzhizaohexiaoshoulamian。1979nian，tatuichuargin-zyinliao。1980nian，takaishiyufaguodanengjituanjianliyewuhezuoguanxi。yonggenggangxu、goumaipincigenggaodeduozhongshipin，fahuiqiyedequdaoheyingxiaojiazhi。

weizhisuhaizaihanguohezhongguotaiwanfazhanlengdongshipinyewu，bingquanmiankaizhantianweijiyewu。zaijingxihuagonglingyu，gongsikuozhandaodianzichanpinlingyu。zaifuwulingyu，jinruleyiliaobaojian、shucai、miaomu、baozhuang、canyin、gaoerfuqiuchangdengduogelingyu。

1988nian，weizhisuzhanzaileshijieshipingongsizhilie，bingshixian1wanyiriyuan（yuehe84.7yimeiyuan）dexiaoshouelichengbei。

raner，fanrongzhihou，weijizaicijianglin。

1990nian，jingjipaomopoliehou，ribenjinrulezhangqishuaitui，bingsuizhexinxingjingjitidejueqihelengzhandejieshuerjixutingzhibuqian。

duoyuanhuadailaiyingshoude“fanrong”，danqifuzuoyongkaishimanmanzhanxian。

pianlihexinyewudezhongduofenzhi，rangweizhisuzaidiaoweipinheshipingongsizhijianyaobaibuding，tongshigongsideneibuguanliwentiyecengchubuqiong。

dongwuyingyangpin（dangshibeichengweisiliaoyonganjisuan）hezhiyaoqiyesuiranqianjingmeihao，dangenbenwufadadaoguimohuaxiaoying，gongsiyiranzaikukuzhicheng。

1997nian，gongsidezuigaozhixingguanyinshejixianggongsizhapianzhefeifafukuandechouwenercizhi。21shijichu，yilianchuandegongsichouwen，rangweizhisuqingkeshengminglangjie，shenzhimianlinbeijiesandeweiji。gongsibudebuzhongxinzhidingzhangcheng，duiqiyejinxingguifanhuaguanli，bingzhongxinshulizijideyewu。

weizhisujiangzijidingweiweiyijiaquanqiuxingdeshipinjituangongsi。2006nian，tacongdanengjituanshougouletaoshipinjituangongsi。

zai“weizhisufuxing”dehushengzhong，jiangbainianqiande“jiankang”chuxin，zhongxintishanglericheng。

bishi，ribendeweijingshichanggongbuyingqiu，suoyiweizhisukaishihaozhizijin，jiangzhulifangzailedongwuyingyangshang，bingzuizhongjiangdongwuyingyangtishengdaolegongsilirundesanfenzhiyi。

danzheiyici，weizhisudefuxingzhiluquebingbushunsui，zhongguoranranshengqidezhizaoshangliyongdichengbenzuoweijingzhengyoushi，rangweizhisudejingyuchixuehua。weizhisuzairibenyinyiweiaodechengbenyoushi，zaizhongguoqiyemianqianshunjianhuifeiyanmie，cengjinggongbuyingqiudeshichangyeshunjianbianletian。

weizhisudelirunkaishijiejiebaitui。

zhiyaoxingyesuirancengjingchuangxia100yiriyuan（yuehe6600wanmeiyuan）yishangdeyingyelirun，danjudadeyanfatouruhechanpin15nianzuoyoudeshengmingzhouqi，rangzhiyaoyewuyiranjubuweijian。

haimeidengweizhisuzhaodaojiejuelujing，2008nian9yuedejinrongweiji，zaicirangquanqiujingjixianrushuaitui，ribenzhanhouzuizhangdezengzhangqichedijieshule。

suiranweizhisuhaizainulitongguochanpinkejichuangxin，tuichuxindechanpinshenzhijinjunhuazhuangpinlingyu，dancengjingdemangmuduoyuanhuarangchuangxinmeibanfalichuyikong。qilingsandeyewuzaidandadudouzhongyinweiquefaguimoyoushi，erzaiguodudeduoyuanhuazhongsangshilexianfayoushi。

meiyouzhanlingjishugaodideweizhisu，zaizhongguoqiyedechengbenyoushimianqian，zhinengganbaixiafeng。rujinshichangshangdejiankangshipingongsicengchubuqiong，cengjingmangmuduoyuanhuadaozhizhanlveshijiaodeweizhisu，xiangyaohuodeshichangzhudaodiweiyijingyuelaiyuenan。tadegushizhidejintiandezhongguoqiyeduizhaozisheng。