文｜江瀚视野观察

zheijinian，xinnengyuanqichezaizhongguodehonghuoyijingwuyongzhiyi，wulunshijietouyuelaiyueduodegeleilvpai，haishiriyipujidechongdianzhuangwubuzhangxianzhexinnengyuanqichedehuore，ranerjiuzaizuijindiyipixinnengyuanqichejinru“tuobaoqi”，huanchehaishihuandianchirijianchengweizuidadenanti，xinnengyuanqichededakaowomendaodigaizenmekan？

一、第一批新能源汽车面临大考？

ju21shijijingjibaodaodexiaoxi，shizhi2024nian，shoupixinnengyuancheluxujinru“tuobaoqi”，shoupixinnengyuanqichechezhuzhengxianruhuanchehaishihuandianchideliangnanjingdi。xiangyaogenghuanlaolingdianchijiujiangmianlintianjiazhangdan，huandianfeiyongshenzhigaoyujiuchecanzhi，chengweibushaochezhudefannao。

gongxinbudengbuweimingqueguiding，zi2016nianqi，chengyongcheshengchanqiyebixuweidianchi、dianjidenghexinguanjianbujiantigongzhishaobanianhuo12wangonglidezhibao，jujinzhenghaobanianshijian。suizheshoupixinnengyuanchedonglidianchi“fuyi”qiman，donglidianchide“huandianchao”jijiangdaolai。

zheiyiweizhe，congjinniankaishi，meiniandoujiangyouyidingshuliangdedonglidianchizhibaodaoqi。shangxianshujuxianshi，tuiyigaofengxia，jinliangnianchaoguobaniandianchizhibaodexinnengyuanqichejiangda1950duowanliang。

erjuyangguangwangdebaodao，jiangxidechezhuyangxianshengyudaolekuaiyaogenghuanqichedianchidekunrao，tazixunledangdi4sdianheweixiujigou，dangaoangdejiagehefuwuzhiliang，rangtayouxiebuzhisuocuo。

yangxianshengshuo：“xiangwomaidexinnengyuandianchekaileyouqibanianle，xianzaishuaijianhaishimanlihai，tebiedaodongtianyihoudonglijiuxiajiang，xianzaiwomenyexiwangguojiachutaixiangyingdezhengcenenggougenghuandianchi，bijingyikuaidianchiyetingguide，xiangdiandongchewodedianchiqimayao8wanduo。xiangxianzaiguojiayeyouyijiuhuanxindezhengce，ruguoshuodianchidejiageguogaodehua，womenyehuikaolvgancuizhijiehuanliangxinche。”

chezhulixianshengbiaoshi，huandianchideqiandoukuaiganshangershouchejia，xinghaozijidechenianxianbuzhang，dianchirengzaizhibaoqinei。

lixianshengshuo：“zheitaichededianchizhibaoshi8nian16wangongli，zuijindianchibuxingle，jiujimianfeihuanle。ruguozijitaoqiangenghuan，quanxialaiyao8wan，xianzaiershoucheyejiunengmai10wandao11wan。yuanbenwoshidasuanzheigechejiuyizhiliuzhekaile，danshixianzaiwobuhuile，ruguoshuozhendeguole8nian，huozheguolezhibaodegonglishu，zaihuanyikuaidianchi，kenengwohuandianchidechengbenbichedecanzhihaiyaogaole。”

jubuwanquantongji，muqianshichangzhongxinnengyuancheshouhougenghuandianchidefeiyongcong5wanyuandao23wanyuanbudeng。jike001huandianchidefeiyongyuewei19.9wanyuan，erdisanfangershouchepingtaishujuxianshi，muqiangaichezaiershoucheshichangdepingjunshoujiazai17wanyuan—23wanyuan；biyadiqinplushuandianchibaoyue5wanyuanzuoyou，ergaichechundianbanbenmuqianqishoujiawei10.98wanyuan，huandianjiagechabuduoxiangdangyubantaichedejiage。

二、为啥换车还是换电池成了大难题？

dangqian，shoupixinnengyuanqichekaishiluxujinru“tuobaoqi”，mianduizhexinnengyuanqichededawentiwomendaodigaizenmekan？xinnengyuanqichedewentiyougaizenmeponi？

shouxian，xinnengyuancheweishenmehuichuxianwenti？xinnengyuanqichedechuxianwuyishiqichexingyedeyicizhongdabiange。diyipixinnengyuanqichegangwenshishi，youruyikexinxingzhaolianglechuantongqicheshichangdeyekong。tamenpingjie“sandian”（dianchi、dianji、diankong）youshixunsuchuquanzouhong。yuchuantongqicheyilaifadongji、biansuqihedipanzheisandajianbutong，xinnengyuanqichede“sandian”xitongweiqidailailedutedejingzhengli。liru，diandongjidejishiniujushuchurangcheliangjiasuxingnengyouyi，erqiezaixingshiguochengzhonggengjiaanjinghepingshun；diankongxitongzenenggoujingzhundidiaojiecheliangdedonglishuchuhenenglianghuishou，tigaolenengyuanliyongxiaolv。raner，renhexinshengshiwuzaifazhanchuqidounanyijinshanjinmei。 

shiguangfeishi，baijuguoxi，rujinjulidiyipixinnengyuanqichedetuichuyijingguoqulebanianzuoyou。dangnianneixiepingjiechuangxinjishuxiyinxiaofeizhedexinnengyuanqiche，xianzaidoumianlinzhegengxinhuandaidejudayali。yuchuantongqichedesandajianxiangbi，xinnengyuanqichedianchideshoumingyaoduandeduo。chuantongqichefadongjidengguanjianbujianruguobaoyangdedang，keyishiyonghenzhangshijian，erxinnengyuanqichededianchizaijingguoduoniandeshiyonghou，qixingnenghuichuxianmingxiandexiajiang。zheizhongxingnengxiajiangbujinbiaoxianzaixuhanglichengdejianshao，haibaokuochongdiansududebianmandengwenti。duiyuxiaofeizhelaishuo，zheijiuyiweizhetamenxuyaokaolvruhechulizheixiejijiang“tuiyi”dexinnengyuanqiche，huanchehaishihuandianchichengweileyigejidaijiejuedeliangnanxuanze。

qici，xinnengyuanqichedehexinwentizainali？xinnengyuanqichedeyigexianzhutedianshidianchizaicheliangchengbenzhongzhanbijiaogao。juyeneirenshitoulu，donglidianchizuoweixinnengyuanchesuoyoudelingbujianzhongdanjiazuigaodeyibufen，zhanzhengchechengbendesichengzuoyou。ergenghuanyikuaidonglidianchidefeiyong，jihudengyushenzhichaoguoleqichecanzhi。zheishidexinnengyuanqichechezhuzaimianlindianchigenghuanshi，wangwangxianruliangnanjingdi。

chuantonglidianchipubiancunzaidianchisuizheshiyongbuduanshuaijiandexianxiang。suizhechongfangdiancishudezengjia，dianchideronglianghuizhujianxiajiang。erqiexinnengyuanqichededianchizuyibanbunengchaikaiweixiu，zheishiyouyudianchizudejiegoushejiheanquanxingkaolv。yidandianchizuzhongdemougedianchidanyuanchuxianwenti，wangwangzhinengduizhenggedianchizujinxingquantaogenghuan。zheizhongweixiufangshidaozhilexinnengyuanqichehuandianchichengbenjugaobuxia。liru，youxiechexinggenghuandianchizudefeiyonggaodachelianggoumaijiagedesanfenzhiyishenzhigenggao。zheiduiyuxiaofeizhelaishuoshiyibibuxiaodekaizhi，shidetamenzaimianduidianchixingnengxiajiangshi，xianrulehuandianchitaigui，buhuandianchicheliangyouwufazhengchangshiyongdeliangnanjingdi。

disan，dangqianxinnengyuanqichedechuzhiduiyushichangyingxiangjiqishenyuan。duiyudangqiandeshichangeryan，ruhetuoshanchulidiyipixinnengyuanqicheshiyigejiweiguanjiandewenti。ruguochulibuhao，jianghuichanshengyixilieliansuofanying，jidadiyingxiangdangqianxinnengyuanqichedexiaoshou。xiaofeizhezaikaolvgoumaixinnengyuanqicheshi，huijiangdiyipixinnengyuanqichedeshiyongtiyanhehouxuchengbenzuoweizhongyaodecankaoyinsu。dangtamenkandaodiyipichezhumianlinzhehuandianchichengbengaoangdengkunjingshi，kenenghuiduixinnengyuanqichedezhengtikekaoxinghejingjixingchanshenghuaiyi，congerjiangdigoumaixinnengyuanqichedeyiyuan。zheijiangzhijiedaozhixinnengyuanqicheshichangxuqiudexiajiang，zuaizhenggexingyedejinyibufazhan。

gengweiguanjiandeshi，diyipixinnengyuanqichesuomianlindedianchiwentiyejiangzheigezhangqibeirenhushidewentibaizailesuoyouxinnengyuanqichechezhudemianqian。jishishineixiecheliangshangweidadaoxuyaogenghuandianchijieduandechezhu，yekaishidanyouweilaizijishifouhuizaoyutongyangdekunjing。zheizhongdanyouqingxuzaichezhuquntizhongmanyan，bujinyingxiangletamenduixianyoucheliangdemanyidu，haikenengcushitamenzaicheliangshouhouweihu、baoxianxuanzedengfangmianzuochubutongdejuece。liru，yixiechezhukenenghuiyinweidanxindianchiguzhangerzengjiacheliangbaoxiandebaoe，huozhegengqingxiangyuxuanzeneixietigongdianchibaozhangfuwudebaoxiangongsi，zheiyeduiqichebaoxianxingyechanshenglexindetiaozhanhejiyu。

disi，xinnengyuanqichedewentidaodigaizenmejieni？congduanqilaikan，xinnengyuanqichededianchigenghuanwentigengduoxuyaochechanghedianchichangshangdejinmipeihe，yijiangdihuandianchidechengben。birushuo，chechanghedianchichangshangkeyihezuojianlidianchihuishouzailiyongtixi。dangdianchirongliangshuaijiandaoyidingchengduwufamanzuqicheshiyongxuqiushi，keyijiangqihuishoujinxingticiliyong，ruyongyuchunengdianzhandenglingyu。tongguodianchideticiliyong，keyifentandianchidechushichengben，congerjiangdihuandianchidezongtichengben。tongshi，huishoudedianchicailiaoyekeyijinxingtilianhezaijiagong，weixindianchideshengchantigongyuancailiaozhichi，xingchengyigebihuandechanyelian，jinyibujieyuechengben。

buguozheidouzhishizhibiaoeryi，hexinguanjianhaishichuangxin，congzhangqilaikan，gutaidianchidepujicaishijiejuexinnengyuanqichedianchikunjingdeguanjiansuozai。gutaidianchixiangjiaoyuchuantongdelilizidianchijuyouzhuduoxianzhuyoushi。shouxian，genjuxianzaigezhongshiyangongbudeshuju，gutaidianchidechongfangdiancishukeda 2000 ciyishang，bingqiezaijingguodaliangchongfangdianxunhuanhourengnengbaochi 80% yishangderongliang。zheiyiweizhexinnengyuanqicheshiyonggutaidianchihou，qixumingzhouqijiangdadayanzhang，chezhuwuxupinfandanxindianchirongliangshuaijianhegenghuanwenti。

yucitongshi，gutaidianchijuyougenggaodenengliangmidu。genggaodenengliangmidukeyishixinnengyuanqichezaixiangtongtijihezhongliangdedianchizuxiahuodegengzhangdexuhanglicheng。zheiduiyujiejuexinnengyuanqichedexuhangjiaolvwentijuyouzhongyaoyiyi，nenggoujinyibutishengxinnengyuanqichedeshichangjingzhengli。dangran，gutaidianchidejishushangweiwanquanchengshu，daguimoshangyehuayingyonghaixuyaoyiduanshijian。raner，suizheyanjiudeshenruhejishudejinbu，womenyouliyouxiangxinweilaijinianneigutaidianchijiangchengweixinnengyuanqichelingyudezhongyaozuchengbufen，conggenbenshanggaibiandianchigenghuannantidejumian。

yinci，xinnengyuanqichemianlindedakaoshiyiliaozhizhongdeshiqing。suizheshoupixinnengyuanqichedianchizhujianjinrugenghuanqi，huanchehaishihuandianchichengweilechezhumenmianlindenanti。zheiyixianzhuangbujinkaoyanzhechezhumendejingjinenglihexuanzezhihui，yekaoyanzhezhengfu、cheqihedianchichangshangdezerenhedandang，ruhezaijishuchuangxinshixianzhibianzhiqianjiejueyanqianwenti，zheicaishizuiguanjiande。