wen｜itshibaojizhe haojunhui

编辑｜王昕 孙妍

liangzijisuansihuyinglaile“chatgptshike”。

beijingshijian12yue10ri，gugezai《ziran》fabiaolezuixinliangzixinpianwillowdeyanjiuchengguo，zailiangzijiucuolvhesuijidianlucaiyang（rcs）jizhunceshishangqudeguanjianxingtupo，yong5fenzhongwanchengleyixiangbiaozhunjisuan，erdangqianzuikuaidechaojijisuanjifrontierzexuyao102 （10de25cifang）niancainengwancheng，“biyuzhoudenianlingdouyaoda”。

gugeceosangdaer·pichayibaliangzijisuandetupobizuo“laitexiongdideshoufei”，yeyourenjiangwillowleibiweitransformer，zaizheigetongyangyougugetuichudeaijiagoushang，openaizuochulechatgpt。

liangziyuaidejiuchanhaibuzhiyuci，fabuwillowdeshigugeliangziaishiyanshi，zheigemingzitingqilai“yushijujin”deshiyanshi，shijishangchengliyu2012nian，erwillowzhisuoyizaijiucuoshangtupole30nianlaidetiaozhan，yuanzigugeyijingyu11yuefenfabudejiyutransformerdejiemaqialphaqubit，tongguoaishishiweiliangzijisuanjijiemajiucuo，congerrangwillowdeliangzijiucuo“diyuyuzhi”。

suowei“diyuyuzhi”，zhideshiliangzibiteyueduo，cuowulvyuedi，zhongguokexuejishudaxuejiaoshouluchaoyangrenwei，willowcongzhiqiande“yuejiuyuecuo”，jinbudao“yuejiuyuedui”，tupoleliangzijiucuo“yingkuipinghengdian”，shixianleliangzibitede“zhengzengyi”。

willowchenggongdejixiangzaijinnian8yuegugeliangziaishiyanshifabiaodeyipian《liangziwuchaxiuzhengdiyubiaomianmayuzhi》lunwenzhongkejianyiban，wenzhongduigugezailiangzijiucuoshangdetupozuolexiangxishuoming：meige（luojiliangzibite）bianmadejulizengjia2，cuowulvjiuhuixiajiangyibanyishang。

zailijiezheijuhuazhiqian，bufangxianlailejieyixialiangzijisuandejibenyuanli。

rudajiasuozhi，womenxianzaicaiyongdejingdianjisuanshi0he1depailiezuhe，nizaidiannaoshang、shoujishangshurudemeigezhiling，zuihoudouhuibeibianyicheng0he1zuchengdedaima，beijisuanjishibiebingjisuan。suoweidecpuxinpian，jiushijingtiguanzuchengdeyigechaoda“kaiguan”，meigejingtiguandeon/off，daibiao0huozhe1，eryikeqiangdadecpukenengyongyoushangqianyigejingtiguan。birupingguodem2 ultrashangbianyou1340yigejingtiguan。

shouxianyumoerdinglvheliangzisuichuanxiaoying，zhuangzaishoujihediannaolidecpubukenengwuxianzhidisairugengduojingtiguan，yincihenduoxuyaochaodaguimojisuandewenti，youqishiziranjiedebenyuan，chuantongjingdianjisuanhennanjiejue。

liangzijisuanzewanquanbutong，takeyirang0he1chuyurenhediejiataizhong，jiandanlijie，ruguoyikuaichuantongxinpiannengcunchungeshuju，neiyongyoutongyangliangzibiteshuliangdexinpian，keyicunchu2dencifanggeshuju。

zheizhongjisuannenglizhishujideshangsheng，yeshiweihemeiciliangzijisuanyanjiutupohou，qibiaoxianchudesuanlihejingdianchaojijisuanjixiangbi，doubuzhishiyaoyaolingxian，ershibaiyijiyishangdechaju。

zhishi，suandekuai，bingbudengyusuandehao。

chaodaoliangzifeichangcuiruo，zhouweideyidiandianganrao，shenzhiyuzhoushexiandouhuirangqidiushixinxi，yejisuoweide“tuixianggan”。congmuqianyanjiujieguolaikan，dangeliangzibitedecuowulvjiangdidaoqianfenzhiyi（0.1%）houbianhennanjinyibutuijin，ertongyongliangzijisuanjieduandecuowulv，pubianbeirenweizhishaoyaoxiajiangzhi10defu12cifang，yejiwanyifenzhiyi。

xueshujiepubiancaiyongjiangouluojiliangzibitedefangshilaishixianliangzijisuanjiucuo。birugugeciciyonglaishiyande3×3、5×5、7×7bianmamoshi，bianshiyiyigewuliliangzibiteweixinxidecunchuzaiti，qitaweiraotadeliangzibitezuowei“maodingbite”，tongguorongyuhetedingdebianmafangan，jiancebingjiuzhengkenengchanshengdecuowu。ergugedeshiyanjieguozhengming，dangxingchengyigeluojibitedewulibiteshuliangcong90（3×3×10）dao250zaidao490buduankuozhanshi，cuowulvzhishujixiajiang，conger“diyuyuzhi”。

tongshi，liangzijisuandetexing，duiliangzijiucuoyechanshenglezhishujidegangganzuoyong。biru，ruguowuliliangzibitedecuowulvjiangdiliangbei，neimejuliwei27×27deluojibitexingnengjiunengtigaosigeliangji，jinrukebeijieshoudecuowulvfanweizhinei。yeji7290geliangzibitexingchengyigeluojibitedehua，liangzijisuandetongyongrongcuoliangzijisuan（ftqc）yinggaikeyishixian。

huashuodaozheili，guorenzuiguanxindeshi，zhongguodeliangzijisuanhegugechajuyuanma？

yiweiliangzikexuejiadehuarangwofangxialexin：chajushiyou，danwulunzaiyingjiancengmianhaishijiucuosuanfafangmian，zhongguodouyizhizaigenjin，erqiejinzhanyedoubucuo。

yingjianjiegoushang，willowcaiyongdeshitunbale couplerjiagou，zheigejishujiagouyu2019nianfabu，guoneizhongkeda、beijingliangziyanjiuyuan、nanfangkedadouyouleisideshiyanchengguo；jiucuoxiaoguoshang，willowshixianle“diyuyuzhi”，bingzaishiyantixizhongshixianled=5hed=7dejiucuo，shuominggugezailiangzikongzhijishushangshixianlechaoyuexingtupo，danguoneinanfangkejidaxueyudapengyuanshituanduiyezaiqunianshixianle“liangzijiucuoyingkuipinghengdian”。guoneiyeyouqitayanjiutuanduicaiyonghegugeleisidebiaomianmafangan，zaibianmajulishanglveyouluohou，muqianyinggaichuyud>5>3deweizhi。

jinguancongdafangxiangshangkan，willowsihuyiranzouzai“laolu”shang，danjinbuwangwangfashengzaiyinmidejiaoluo。gugejiezhuaishixianledecoder（jiemaqi）fangandeshaijianheruanyingjianshangdeshishixianlubianyi，zhengmingtadexitonggongchengnenglifeichangqiang。jiuhaoxiangopenaixuanzedellmdamoxingdaolu，tongyangbingbuxinxian，danjiyuqiqiangdadesuanlitouruhexitonggongchengnengli，zuizhongyinbaocicirengongzhinenglangchao。

congzheigeyiyishangkan，willowzhishaochuyuchatgpt 1.0shiqi，muqianshiyanjieguoxianshi，gugezhaodaoleyitiaoxiangduizhengquedelu。

buguo，conggugeguanfangtouludexinxixianshi，willowdesuijidianlucaiyang（rcs）jizhunceshi，suiranzai“jingdiannanyijiejue”dejizhunxianzhishang，danqishangyexiangguanxinghaibijiaoruo，zheibiaomingqiyiranbujuyoushiyongjiazhi。

zhongguoliangzikexuededingjiankexuejia、zhongguokexueyuanyuanshipanjianweijiangliangzifazhanfenweisanjieduan：shixianliangziyouyuexing、jiejuezhuanyongjisuanwenti、tongyongliangzijisuan。muqianquanqiuliangzikeyanshuipingduojizhongyudierjieduan，duiyudisanjieduandeshixian，kexuejiamencengjichule10～15niandeshijianchuangkou，danwillowdechenggong，ai for sciencedebiange，rangzheigechuangkouqizhengzaisuoduan。

liangzilixuebeichengweiziranjiede“caozuoxitong”，monidaziranderenwubeirenweizhiyouliangzilixuenenggouwancheng。birutongguoliangziceliang，zaicigongzhenchengxiang（mri）hehecigongzhen（nmr）zhong，yiyuanziweichi，kejichufenzi、yuanzihezhijiandejingquejuli，congerzaigenggaoweidujiesuoaimuqianmianlinde“shujukunjing”。wuli、huaxue、shengwuyiyao、hejubian、cailiaokexuedenglingyu，doujiangkenengyinciyinglaihuashidaidetupo。

gengguanjiandeshi，dianlixiaohaoyejiangzhishujixiajiang。duanshiqinei，xianzhiliangzijisuanfazhande“moerdinglv”haibuhuichuxian。kexuejiayugu，wuliliangzibiteyaodadaobaiwanjiyishangcaikenengmodaotongyongjisuandemenjian，danzheigejibieliangziweidexinpian，herujinqianyijidejingtiguanxiangbi，zhichenggongyiyaoqiudixuduo。

zhangqilaikan，jingdianjisuanjizaiguimokuozhang、yingyongluodi、changjingxunzhaodengfanshibiangeguochengzhongyudaodetiaozhan，zaichaodaoliangzijisuanjishangyehui“fuke”yibian，danzheiyici，quanshijieyinggaihuigengkuaizhaodaoshiyingdebanfa。

bier·gaicishuo：“renmenzongshirongyigaoguweilailiangniandebianhua，quewangwangdiguweilaishiniandebiange”。

shinianzhihouhuitoukan，2024nian12yue10rihuoxuhuibeidingyiwei“qianaishidai”deyigejinianri。

zheiyitian，openaizhengshifabulesora，yitu“wuzhongshengyou”，shengchengyigexunidewulishijie，erwillowzezhenghaoxiangfan，shituyongliangzijisuanjieduziranjiedeyiqie。dangerzhejinru“diejiatai”shi，kehuanzhengbianweikexue，cengjingyaoyuandeweilai，zhengzaibijinxianshi。

排版／ 潘璐