文｜投资界PEdaily

jupengboshebaodao，spacexhetouzizhetongyiyimeigu185meiyuandejiage，congneiburenshishouzhongshougou12.5yimeiyuandegupiao，cicijiaoyijiangspacexdeguzhituizhiyue3500yimeiyuan（yueherenminbi25000yiyuan），yijuchengweiquanqiuguzhizuigaodujiaoshouqiye。

spacex，wuyishikuangrenmasikeyouyichuanqi。zheijiayoutachengliyu2002niandeshangyehangtiangongsi，chengshoulewushucideshibai，yibubujiangshangyehangtiande“bukeneng”bianweiyigegexianshi。

conglieyinghuojian、longfeichuan，zaidaoxinglian、xingjian，masikeyong20duoniandeshijian，dazaochuyigepangdadeshangyehangtiandiguo。zaitadeshexiangli，spacexyaosong100wanrenshanghuoxing，shixianrenleihuoxingmeng。

马斯克最疯狂的一次创业，曾濒临破产

masike，wuyishispacexbeihoudelinghunrenwu。

1971nian，masikechushengzainanfeidebiletuoliya，fuqinshijidiangongchengshi，muqinshigemote。tacenghuiyi，“xiaoshihou，renmenchanghuiwenwo，zhangdayaozuoshenme，woqishiyebuzhidao。houlaiwoxiang，gaofamingyinggaihuihenkuba，yinweikehuanxiaoshuojiayase·kelake（《2001taikongmanyou》zuozhe）cengshuoguo，renhezugouxianjindekejidouyumofawuyi。”

houlai，masikejinrumeiguobinzhoudaxuehesitanfudaxueshenzao，taxianhoukaifaqiyehuangyewangzhan zip2 hewangshangzhifuruanjian paypal。2000niandi，masikehejiarenqufeizhoulvxing，jieguoranshanglenveji，chayidiansidiao。

zheiyicijinglirangmasikeyishidaoshengmingduanzan，chanshengleyuqiaobusileisidexiangfa：yaozhuajinshijianzuoweidadeshiqing。yushi，tajuedingjinjunhuojianye，wanchengzijiershidetaikongmeng。

2002nian，dangpaypalyi15yimeiyuandegupiaobeiebayshougouhou，31suidemasikezhuandaorenshengdiyige10yimeiyuan。tongnian6yue，masikezaiwaijiedezhiyishenghechaoxiaozhongchuanglitaikongtansuojishugongsi，zheibianshispacex，tafashiyaojiangweixinghuojianfasheshengkongchengbenjiangdi100bei。

2008nian，masikezaoyurenshengzhongqiansuoweiyoudeweiji——youyuquanqiujinrongweijixilai，tadezijinlianduanle，spacexbeishouzhiyi，ertazhangduodetesilagengshizoudaoleshanqiongshuijindedibu，meiyouxiaofeizheyuanyigoumaidiandongqiche。

neishimasikerenshengzuijiannanderizi。weilejiyuangongfagongzi，yixiangxingaoqiaodemasikekaishixiangpengyouqiuyuan。duonianhouhuiyiqizheiduanjingli，masikeyirangengyan：“yibianjiaozheboli，yibianningshisiwangdeshenyuan”。yongtadangshinvyoulailidehualaishuo，masikeneishi“kanqilaijiuxianggexingzoudejiangshi”，haoxiangsuishihuitufaxinzangbingsiqu。

tianwujuerenzhilu。suoxingdeshi，spacex“lieying1hao”dedisicifashezhongyuchenggong，yincicongnasanadao16yimeiyuandedadingdan，zhongyuhuolexialai。

2020nian，yigejijulishiyiyidezhuanzhediandaolai——spacexwanchengrenleilishishangyicishishijidefasherenwu。dangnian5yue30rilingchen，spacexgongsidehangtianqilongfeichuan（crew dragon）zaizheliangweizishenyuhangyuanbob behnkenhedoug hurleycongmeiguokennidihangtianzhongxinfashechenggong，feiwangguojikongjianzhan。zhengshizaispacexdaidongxia，quanqiuhangtianchanyejinrushangyehuashidai，masikeyeyinciyingde“guigugangtiexia”dechenghao。

tanjispacexcilunxinrongzi，masikezaishemeifawengankai，zai3500yimeiyuandexinguzhixia，“jihumeiyoutouzirenyuanyichushougufen。”tabiaoshi，weileyunxuxintouzizhejiaru，spacexjianshaolecongyuangongshouzhonghuigoudegufenshuliang。

pingjieyuci，masikedeshenjiajinriyeyinglaibaozhang。pengboyiwanfuwengzhishuxianshi，masikedeshenjiadadao4470yimeiyuan（yueherenminbi32500yiyuan），shuaxinlishijilu。

huixiangjinnian9yue，masikezaidugengxinledengluhuoxingshijianbiao：liangnianneixianghuoxingfashebuzairende“xingjian”feichuan，4nianneiqidongzairenfeichuantansuohuoxingrenwu。zaitadegouxiangzhong，“congneishiqi，hangbanshuliangjiangchengzhishujizengzhang，mubiaoshizaidayue20nianneijianchengyizuozijizizudechengshi。”

haowuyiwen，zheiweikejikuangrendehuoxingmengzhengyibubujiejinxianshi。

超级新物种，要送100万人上火星

spacexjiujingshiyigezenyangdechaojixinwuzhong？

masikezuiyinyiweihaode，shispacextuichude“lieying”xiliehuojian。2003nian，nasajuedingjiangjindiguidaoyewuzhuanjiaojishangyehuagongsi，masikeweilenaxiazheibidadingdan，qinzidanrentuanduideshouxigongchengshi，canyuyanjiulieyinghuojiandejihumeiyigexijie。zuizhong，spacextuoyingerchu。

erzhenzhenglingspacexshengmingdazaodezeshilieying9haohuojian。guanfangzuixincanshuxianshi，zaiyidelieying9haoyunzaihuojiandidiqiuguidaoyunliwei22dun，keyijiang8.3dundewuzisongwangtongbuzhuanyiguidao。zhideyitideshi，lieying9haozaozai2015nian12yuejiuchenggongwanchengshoucihuojianhuishou，zhenjingshijie。

spacexde“longfeichuan”yeweirenshuzhi，zheishishijieshangdiyisouyousirengongsiyanfadehangtianfeichuan。2010nian12yue8rishifeichenggong，2012nian10yueshoucixiangguojikongjianzhanyunsongzhongda455gongjindehuowu。2021nian9yue，longfeichuandiyicijiangsimingputongrensongrutaikong，yong11niandeshijianwanchengleyouhuoyunxiangzairendezhuanbian。

ermasikedehuoxingmeng，zeyaoyangzhangspacexde“xingjian”（starship）。zheishiyigedaxingyunzaihuojianxitong，caiyongchuanjianyitihuasheji，you“chaozhong”yunzaihuojianhe“xingjian”feichuanzucheng。xingjianyunzainengliwei100dun，nengjiang100rensongwangyueqiu、huoxinghuoqitayaoyuanmudedi，huoshiraodiqiufeixing。masikecengchengzheishixiandaibandenuoyafangzhou，tayaojianzao1000meiyishangxingjianyunsongdayue100wanrenshanghuoxing。

jinnian10yue，spacexjinxing“xingjian”diwucishifei，chenggongwancheng“kuaizijiahuojian”，jishiyongjudafashejiashangbeichengwei“kuaizi”dejiegou，zaibankongzhongjiazhufanhuidiqiudechaodaxinghuojian。zheibiaozhizhezaihuojiankezhongfushiyongjishufangmian，spacexzaiciqudezhongdatupo，weiweilaidezairenhuoxingrenwudiandingjianshijichu。masikeyebiaoshi，“meiyouxugouchengfendekehuanxiaoshuo。”

pingjiezheyixiangtiankai，spacexchengweiyijishichangzuixijindechaojidujiaoshou。zi2015nianyilai，spacex pingjunmeinianchoujichaoguo10yimeiyuan。2021nian12yuehuode3.37 yimeiyuandexinyilunrongzi，quannianleijinaxiale18.5yimeiyuan，bishiguzhiyigaoda1000yimeiyuan。

henkuai，zheiyirongzijilubeispacexzijidapo。2022nian6yue，genjumeiguozhengquanjiaoyiweiyuanhuidewenjianxianshi， spacexyiwancheng17.2yimeiyuanxinyilunguquanrongzi，fashouleyue16.8yimeiyuanxingu，duiyingdeguzhidadao1250yimeiyuan。

erjiuzaijinnian6yue，spacexzaishougouyaoyuezhongyimeigu112meiyuandejiage，chushouneiburenshigupiao，cishigongsiguzhijiejin2100yimeiyuan。meixiangdao，caiganggangguoqubannianshijian，spacexdeguzhirujinyoushangzhangchaoguo60%。

ciqianmasikecengbiaoshi，yidannenghenhaoyucexianjinliu，jiujiangtuidong“xinglian”ipo。erjumeiguoshichangyanjiuhezixungongsiquiltyspacebaogao，yujispacex“xinglian”jiangyu2024nianshixian66yimeiyuanshouru，bingshoucishixianzhengxiangziyouxianjinliu。zheiyeyiweizhe，masikeyouyigechaojiipobujiuhoudaolai。