文｜适道

youjuhuashuo，yushibujue，liangzilixue。

raner，gugezailiangzijisuanshangdetupo，rangdiaokanyouleshixiandekeneng。

jinqi，gugeguanxuanlequanxinliangzixinpianwillow，yongyoushishangzuiduode105geliangzibite。gengzhongyaodeshi，zailiangzibitezengjiazhihou，willowfanerkongzhizhulecuowulv！

willowshixianlezhishujicuowulvjiangdi——liangzijiucuolingyu30nianlaiyizhixiangjiejuedeguanjiantiaozhan。

willowjinxuwufenzhongjiukeyigaoding——dangqiandingjijisuanjixuyao10^25niancainengwanchengdejisuan。

zheizaicizhengmingleliangzijisuandejudafazhanqianli，biaozhizheliangzijisuanjishujinruleyigexindeshidai。

量子计算为何神通广大？又要从一只猫说起

chuantongjisuanjichulishujudejibendanweishibite（bit），zhineng0huo1，jindaibiaoyigeshu；liangzijisuanjidejibendanweishiliangzibite（qubit），keyi“jishi0youshi1”，liru40%gailvshi0；60%degailvshi1……qixinxihuifengfuhenduo。

xianzai，womenlaifuxi“xuedingedemao”。

shexiangyigefengbidehezi，qizhongbaohan：

1. yizhikeliandexiaomao。（fengkuangqianzexuedinge）

2. 一瓶毒药。

3. yigefangshexingyuanzi，50%gailvshuaibian，50%gailvwending。

ruguoyuanzishuaibian，huishifangduyao，maosi；ruguoyuanzibushuaibian，maohuo。

diejiatai：mao“jihuoyousi”→ bingxingjisuan

genjudiejiayuanli，dangwomendakaihezizhiqian，maodezhuangtaibingbushi“huo”huo“si”，ershi“huohesidediejiatai”；zhiyoudangwomenguanchashi，diejiataicaihui“tansuo”chengyigequedingdejieguo。

yinwei“ji0you1”dediejiatai，liangzijisuanjikeyizaiyicicaozuozhong，chuliduogekenengdejieguo。jiuxiangmaokeyitongshi“huo”he“si”。yinci，liangzijisuanjizaitedingrenwuzhongyouzheyuanchaochuantongjisuandebingxingnengli。

jiuchantai：maomimingyunxianglian → kuaisuxiezuo

jiashehezilifangleliangzhimao，tamendemingyunhui“jiuchan”zaiyiqi：dangwomendakaihezi，ruguofaxianyizhimaohuozhe，lingyizhimaoyeshihuozhe，fanzhiyiran。zheizhongliangzijiuchanyiweizheliangzhimaodezhuangtaimiqiexiangguan。

leibiyixia，liangzibitezhijiande“jiuchan”nenggourangxinxichuandihejisuanxiaolvchengbeitisheng。liru，yigeyongyoungejiuchanliangzibitedexitongkeyitongshibiaoda2^nzhongkenengzhuangtai，zheishichuantongjisuanjiwufaqijidesudu。

tansuo：dakaihezijianzhenxiang → zhaodaodaan

liangzijisuannenggouliyongdiejiataishaixuanchuzhengquejieguo，jiuxiangdakaihezishifaxianmaodezuizhongzhuangtaiyiyang，bimianlechuantongjisuanzhongrongzhangde“shitan”。

xianzai，qingnixiangxiangyouyitaichaojijisuanji，tadehexinyunzuoluojishiwushu“xuedingedemao”。

chuantongjisuanji：yigejieyigedidakaisuoyouhezi，zhugechakanmaoshisishihuo。

liangzijisuanji：rangchengqianshangwandemaoyiqijinru“diejiatai”，zaisuoyou“hezi”zhongtongshigongzuo，feisuzhaodaozhengquedaan。

yizhiyilai，gugedoushiliangzijisuanjide“lingtouyang”。

2019nian，gugeyanfa53liangzibite liangzijisuanjisycamoreshixianle“liangzibaquan”——jinyong200miaojiuwanchengleyixiangjisuan（suijidianlucaiyangjizhunceshi），dangshishijiezuikuaidechaojijisuanjixuyao1wannian。gugeceo pichaichengqiwei“laitexiongdi12miaodeshoufei”。

2024nian，gugeyanfadequanxinliangzixinpianwillow，suoxuandedingzhiwentiyiranshisuijidianlucaiyang，danqiguanjiantupozaiyu——shixianlesuizheliangzibiteshuliangzengjia，cuowulvzhishujijiangdidemubiao，tongguozhubukuodaliangzibitezhenlieguimo，cong3x3dao5x5zaidao7x7，meicidounengjiangcuowulvjiangdiyiban。

liangzijiucuo，zheicaishiwillowdekuashidaiyiyi。

量子纠错，给“量子猫”配备保镖天团

zaiguoqu30nian，liangzijisuancunzaiyigegenbenxingtiaozhan：suizheliangzibiteshuliangdezengjia，cuowulvhuijijushangsheng。

weihehuizheiyang？womenjixuyong“xuedingedemao”dabifang。

woyiqianxiangguo，weishenmexuedingebuyong“gou”julini？yanglemaohoucaizhidao，yinweimaohenrongyiyingji，zhuangtaigeng“cuiruo”。

tongli，jubei“qimiao”texingdeliangzitaiyerongyi“yingji”——haobi“hezilidemao”yaoyingduiwaijieganrao，biruzaosheng、zhendong——renheyigeweixiaoyinsudoukenengdaozhizhuangtaitansuo，jisuanshibai。

liangzixiangyao“jiuchan”，jiudebaochibohanshutongbugongzhen。raner，zhiyaoyouyidianganraojinlai，xiangganxingjiuhuibeipohuai——xinpianshangdeliangzibiteyueduo，xiangganxingjiuyueburongyibaochi。

xiangshixianliangzijiucuo，womenxuyaozaibuganraomaodeqiantixia，chixujiancetashifoubeiwaijieyingxiang，tongshijiuzhengcuowu。zheitingqilaihenchouxiang，bijingzailiangzishijie，guancebenshenjiuhuiyingxiangxitong。

guoqu30nian，kexuejiamenxiangjinbanfabaohu“liangzimao”。

fangfayi：zhongfubianma——yimaobiansanmao

weilequebaomaodezhuangtai，kexuejiarangsanzhimaogongtongchengdan“huoyusi”xinxi。ruguoyizhimaozhuangtaibeiganrao，qitaliangzhikeyijuedingzhengquedezhuangtai。danwentishi，liangziwuchabijingdianbitewuchafuzadeduo，buzhishi0、1liangzhongzhuangtai，ershisuoyoudiejiatai。qijiuchantexinghuirangzheizhongfangfaxuyaogengduoziyuan，daozhixitongfuzaxingzengjia。

fangfaer：tuopuliangzima——rangmaojin“migong”

kexuejiafaxian，ruguorang“mao”deliangzitaiyiyizhongtuopujiegoucunzai（biruzaimigongzhongxingzoudeguiji），ganraodeyingxianghuibeixianzhizaigengxiaofanweinei，erbuhuipohuaizhenggexitong。zheizhongfangfaleisiyurangmaodeshengcunyilaizhenggehuanjing，erfeidangezhuangtai。zheizhongfangfaqiaomiaodiliyonglejihejiegou，rangliangzixinxigengwending。

neime，willowshiruhecong“yuejiuyuecuo”biancheng“yuejiuyuedui”ni？

qisilujiushiji“liangzimao”peibeibaobiaotiantuan。

zailiangzijiucuozhong，shejijiangxuduowuliliangzibitefangzaiyiqi，rangtamenxietonggongzuo，yejiushitongguochuangjianyige“luojiliangzibite”(logical qubit)laijiuzhengcuowu。3×3、5×5、7×7dengzuhebeichengwei“luojiliangzibite”。

1gezhongxinweizhidewuliliangzibitecunchushijideliangzixinxi(shujubite)，zhouwei8gewuliliangzibiteshifuzhubite。yinci，yige3×3pailieshijizhinengcunchu1gebitexinxi。

jugelizi，zai《haliboteyusiwangshengqi》zhong，fenghuangsheweilejianghalizhuanyidaoanquandedifang，xiangchule“7gehali”zhuanyijihua。qita6geren“bianxing”cheng“jiahali”，husong“zhenhali”chongchushisitudezhongwei。

qizhong，“zhenhali”jiushi“cuiruo”deliangzixinxi(shujubite)；qitaweizhide“jiahali”shifuzhubite。

zheiyitupozaiyejiebeichengwei“diyuyuzhi”——zaizengjialiangzibiteshuliangdetongshijiangdicuowu。

gugeyanjiurenyuanxiedao：“suiranxuduopingtaiyijingzhanshileliangzijiucuodebutongtexing，danzhijinmeiyouyigeliangzichuliqimingquedibiaoxianchudiyuyuzhidexingneng。”

你的比特币很安全，商业用途道阻且长

gugeguanxuanwillowhou，zuijinzhangdedangshubitebiwanjia。yidanliangzijisuanjidekongbusuanlitourutongyongjisuanlingyu，nidejiamibiqianbaozhijieluoben。

buguo，dajiakeyifangxin，liangzijisuanjulirenheshangyeyongturengyouhenzhangdeluyaozou。

rutong2019nianliangzijisuanjisycamore，2024niandewillowxinpianxuanzedejizhunceshiyiranshisuijidianlucaiyang（rcs）。

huanjuhuashuo，suijidianlucaiyangshiyigeweiliangzijisuanjiliangshendingzuodewenti。zheigeshiyandeyiyibingfeijieguodeshiyongxing，ershiweilezhengming——zaimouxietedingwentishang，liangzijisuanjiduichuantongjisuanjijuyouyadaoxingyoushi。

jugebutaiqiadangdelizi，willowjiuxiang“qiwang”alphago，qiyitianxiadiyi，danzhihuixiaqi。

gugeceo pichaizaixfawencheng：“willowshiwomengoujianyitainenggouzaiyaowufaxian、jubiannengyuan、dianchishejidenglingyujuyoushijiyingyongdeshiyongliangzijisuanjilvchengzhongdezhongyaoyibu。”

lingwai，liangzijisuankansishiaisuanliduanquedejieyao。danshi，damoxingdexunlianbenjiushiheihemoshi，huishoudaohulianwangshangdecuowushujuyingxiang。liangzijisuanxinpianbenshenyecunzaicuowulv，diejiazhixiakeneng“cuoshangjiacuo”，yingxiangdamoxingxunlianhetuilidejingquedu。

yinci，dajiakeyizhanwangweilai，jiaolvjiudakebubile。