记者 | 安晶

meiguodangxuanzongtongtangnade·telangpuzaizongtongdiyirenqishicengtichugoumaidanmaidehaiwaizizhilingdigelinglandao。danmaizhengfujianjuejujuehou，telangpuhaiquxiaoleduidanmaidefangwen。

rujin，jijiangzhongfanbaigongdetelangpubujinzaitimaidaojihua，haizengjialeyixiang：shouhuibanamayunhe。gaitiyilikezaodaobanamazhengfubochi，moxige、zhili、gelunbiya、weineiruiladenglameiguojiafenfenfashengzhichibanama。

shangweizhengshizoumashangren，telangpuyijingduimeiguodemengyouguojiafachuleweixie。

telangpuduibanamayunhedebumanshejiyunhetongxingfei，tongshiyefanduiqitaguojiaduiyunhedeyingxiang。duigelinglandao，telangpumiaozhunlebingcengxiashangweikaifadeziranziyuan，baokuoyanfagaokejichanpinsuoxudexitu。beichengwei“meiguolianxizongtong”deailong·masikeyejiugelinglandaowentifasheng。

巴拿马运河

cong2024nian12yue22rikaishi，telangpuzaizijideshejiaomeitipingtailianfaduotie，zhizebanamazhengfuzhanmeiguobianyi。

telangpubabanamayunhechengwei“meiguodeguanjianguojiazichan”，zhichugaiyunheduimeiguoshangye、haijunpaiqian、suoduanmeiguogangkoudehangyunshijianzhiguanzhongyao。taqiangdiaomeiguoshibanamayunhedediyidakehu，yunhenei70%yishangdechuanzhiweiqianwanghuozhelikaimeiguogangkou。yunhedangnianyeshiyoumeiguorenchuzi，xianchushuqianmeiguorendeshengmingcaixiujianwancheng。

telangputucaomeiguominzhudangqianzongtongjimi·kate“yuchundi”bayunhegongshousongjibanama，anzhirujinbanamayunheshoudaoqitaguojiayingxiang。tabaoyuanmeiguohaijunheshangjiezaodaobugongpingduidai，qianzebanamazhengfuduiyunhezhengshou“huangtangkexiao”detongxingfei，weixie“zheizhongwanquanzhanmeiguobianyidezuofaxuyaoliketingzhi”。

shangzhouri，telangpuzaiyalisangneizhoucanjiahuodongshizaitibanamayunhe，yaoqiubanamazhengfugongpingduidaimeiguo，fouzemeiguojiangyaoqiubanamaguihaiyunhe。

banamazongtonghesai·mulinuohuosuzuochuhuiying，zhichu“banamayunhejiqizhoubiandemeiyipingfangmi”doushuyubanama，qiangdiaoguojiazhuquanburongtanpan。dantelangpujujuerangbu，zaishejiaomeitishangzhuanfalemulinuodehuiyingbingpeiwen：“womenzouzheqiao！”tasuihoufachuleyizhangpeiyoumeiguoguoqiheyunhedezhaopian，cheng“huanyinglaidaomeiguoyunhe！”

81gonglizhangdebanamayunhehengchuanbanamadixia，shilianjietaipingyanghedaxiyangdehangyunyaodao。quanqiuyouyue6%maoyihuoyunjingguobanamayunhe，meiguo、zhongguo、ribenhehanguoshibanamayunhedezuidakehu。1903nian，zhengshigelunbiyayihuijujuepizhunmeiguozaibanamadixiaxiujianyunhezhihou，meiguopaichujunjianbingcedongbanamatuoligelunbiya。

xuanbudulihou，banamayumeiguoqianxialebupingdengde《banamayunhetiaoyue》，yunxumeiguokaizao、shiyongbingkongzhibanamayunhejiyunhequ。jingguo10nianxiujian，banamayunheyu1914nianjiancheng，chengweimeiguoyunshuwuzihejunshirenyuandeyaodao。meiguohaizaiyunhequneishishimeiguofalv、shelimeijunsilingbu，jiangqibianweile“guozhongguo”。

banamacengduocijiuxiugaiyunhetiaoyueyumeiguotanpan，danweinengchenggong。aijijiangsuyishiyunheshouguiguoyouyishijililebanamaminzhong，banamabaofalefanmeikangyi。yunhequ1964nian1yuededaguimofanmeixingdongzaochengduorensangsheng，banamahaiyiduxuanbuyumeiguoduanjiao、yaoqiumeiguoguihaibanamayunhekongzhiquan。

zaibanamaminzhongdebuduankangzhengzhong，1977nian，meiguokatezhengfuyubanamaqianshuxintiaoyue。tiaoyueguidingcong1999nian12yue31rikaishi，banamashouhuiyunhedequanbuguanliquan，yunhequdemeijunquanbuchechu。erzaibanamawanquanshouhuiyunheguanliquanzhiqian，meiguohaiyu1989nianruqinbanamatuifanlebanamazhengfu，fuzhiqinmeirenshishangtai。

duiyutelangpuhuiruheshouhuibanamayunhe，chufeimeiguozaiyiciruqinbanama，fouzetelangpumeiyouqitabanfashouhui。ziyoupaimeitihuaiyitelangpucifanbiaotaishixiangshiyabanamazhengfuxiadiaomeiguochuanzhideyunhetongxingfei。qujueyuchuanzhidaxiaoheyunshuhuowudezhonglei，banamayunhedetongxingfeicongshuqianmeiyuandaoshushiwanmeiyuanbudeng。

congquniankaishishouganhanyingxiang，banamayunhejianshaolechuanzhitongguoshuliang，chuanzhizhangshijianpaiduidengdaitongxingchengweilechangtai。 banamayunheguanlijukaishichushou“chaduiquan”，yunxuhoudaodadechuanzhihuaqianmaishijian，meitibaodaochengzuigaojingjiadadaole400wanmeiyuan。

jinnian10yuegongbudeshujuxianshisuirantongguoyunhedechuanzhijianshao，danyouyuyunyingchengbensuojianhetongxingfeishangzhang，banamayunhe2024cainiandejingshouruda34.53yimeiyuan，bishangyicainianzengjiayue3yimeiyuan。

weileyingduiyuelaiyuepinfandeganhanwenti，banamazhengjihuatouzi16yimeiyuanxinjianshuiku，yibaozhangbanamayunhedetonghangshuiwei。

格陵兰岛

xiangbibanamayunhe，telangpuduigelinglandaogengweizhizhe。zaozai2019nian，tajiugongkaibiaoshiguoyouyigoumaigelinglandao。

benzhouyi，xuanbutimingzaixianzhifufuwupaypallianhechuangshirenken·haoeliweimeiguozhudanmaidashishi，telangpuzaishejiaomeitifawenchengweileguojiaanquan，“meiguorenweiyongyou、kongzhigelinglandaoshijueduibixu。”tabiaoshi，haoelijinhoujiangweimeiguodeliyiergongzuo。

masikeyehuosuzaihaoelidexpingtaizhanghaoliuyan，qingzhuhaoelibeitimingzhishibuwangduncuhaoelibangmeiguonaxiagelinglandao。

xiangqitaguojiamaitudidecaozuo，duimeiguolaishuobingbumosheng。1803nian，meiguohua1500wanmeiyuancongfaguoshouzhongmaixialuyisiannei；1867nian，meiguoyi720wanmeiyuancongeguoshouzhongmaixiaalasijia。meiguohaicongxibanyashouzhongmaixiafeilvbinqundao，congdanmaishouzhongmaixiaguoweierjingqundao。

congmeiguoqianzongtongandelu·yuehanxundaohali·dulumen，meiguozhengfuduocikaolvgoumaigelinglandao。gelinglandaoshidanmaidehaiwaizizhilingdi，weiyubeimeizhouheouzhoudaluzhijian，youdutedejunshizhanlvediwei。

二战时期，美国和德国曾争夺格陵兰岛。meijunjibailedaoshangdedejunhoukaishilinshidaiguangelinglandao。daiguanqijian，meijunzaidaoshangjianlilewuxiandianzhan、qixiangzhan、wuqiku，haishelilekongjunjidi。zai1944niandenuomandidengluzhong，weiyugelinglandao、jianadahebingdaodemengjunqixiangzhanweidengluzhunbeitigongleguanjianshuju。

erzhanjieshuhou，weilefangyusulian，gelinglandaozaiduchengweimeiguodegoumaimubiao。suiranmaidaojihuazaodanmaizhengfujujue，danbeiyuedechengliyijimeiguoyudanmaizai1951nianqianshudeshuangbianfangwuxieyi，rangmeiguodeyimingzhengyanshunzaigelinglandaozhujun。

meiguozaigelinglandaojianyoutulekongjunjidi，jidiweiyubeijiquannei，yeshimeijunzuibeibudejidi。tulekongjunjidihoulaigaimingweipitufeiketaikongjidi，sheyoudandaodaodanyujingxitongheweixinggenzongxitong。

chulejunshizhanlveweizhizhiwai，gelinglandaoxiyinmeiguodelingyiyuanyinshiqibingcengxiayunzangzheshangweikaifadetiekuang、xitu、huangjin、you、shiyou、zuanshidengfengfudeziranziyuan。gelinglandaoyou80%detudidoubeibingcengfugai。

youyuquanqiubiannuan，gelinglandaodebingcengzhengzaijiasuronghua，bingcengderonghuayerangkaifaziranziyuanbiandegengweikexing。telangpudiyirenqishi，meiguoshirenguowuqingmaike·pengpeiaohaizhichulegelinglandaobingcengronghuadailaidelingyigehaochu——kaipixinhanglu。tadangshicheng，beijiquanhangyunshuilukenengchengweixindesuyishiyunhe。

gelinglandaoyueyou5.6wanjumin，dangdijuminyouzijideyuyanhewenhua，zhuyaofenbuzaiyanhaidiquheshoufunuke。lishishang，gelinglandaoxianhouchengweinuoweihedanmaidezhimindi，1951nianchengweidanmaiwangguodeyibufen。cong1979niankaishi，gelinglandaohuodezizhi，chuguofanghewaijiaozhiwai，neizhengshiwujunyoudangdizhengfuzixingguanxia。

duiyutelangpuzaitimaidao，gelinglandaozizhizhengfuzongli，gelinglandaoshuyugelinglanren，“yongyuanshifeimaipin”。

erjiuzaitelangpufawenhou，jiadaduigelinglandaodefangwutouru。danmaizhengfujihuatouruzhishao15yimeiyuanweigelinglandaogoumaixinjianchuan、yuanchengwurenjibingshelixinxueqiaoxunluodui。

meiguoguowuyuanqiangongzuorenyuandaiwei·gedewenjieshou《huashengdunyoubao》caifangshizhichu，telangpukenengkanzhonglegelinglandaoweikaifadeziranziyuan，tebieshiyongyuzhizaodiandongqichehefengliwolunjide43zhongxitu。

dantarenweichuledanmaiduigelinglandaodezhuquanzhiwai，gelinglandaodangdijuminyebuhuireqinghuanyingpohuaihuanjingdekuangchankaifa。gedewentuice，gengyouxiaodefangshishimeiguoyudanmaihegelinglandaozhengfuhezuo，duidangdikuangchanjinxingkechixuxingkaifa。

gelinglandaozizhizhengfuzongliaigedezaixuanbugelinglandaoshi“feimaipin”zhishiyebiaoshi，gelinglandaojiangjixuduiyuquanqiuhezuojimaoyibaochikaifangtaidu，tebieshilinguo。