按：2001nianyibu《buyaohemoshengrenshuohua》jujirangdazhongkaishiguanzhujiatingbaoli。18nianguoqule，jiatingbaolidexianxiangrengranbibijieshi、zairichangshenghuoshenzhigongzhongshiyezhongpinfanshangyan。jiatingbaolishijiatingde“aizheng”，duimeiyiweijiatingchengyuandoushijudadeshanghai。

jiabaozhizaodexueleibeijunaizhiminganbushengmeiju，duijiabaobixulingrongren。zaijujuechenmo、yonghaofalv，xiangjiabaoyongganshuobudetongshi，womenyeyinggailejiejiabaoshinvezhebeihoudexinlijizhi，xunqiutamenweihehuixiangzuiqinjinderenshenchuquantoudeyuanyin。

我们真的了解“家暴”吗？调查数据表明：那些不到30岁的男性比年长者gengyoukenengnvedaiqier；jiatingbaolibianbugejieceng，danshizaidishourujiecengzhonggengweipubian；zaijiali，nanrenbinvrengengyoukenengduishouhairenzaochengyanzhongdeshanghai；shenghuoyalijiaodadejiatinghenyoukenengchuxianjiatingbaoli……

benwenjiexuanzizhongguorenmindaxuechubanshe2014nianchubande《yuegui：renweishenmegan“huaishi”》yishu，shitudainilejiezaijiatingqinmiguanxizhong，weiheyourenhuixuanzebaoli；renweishenmehuiyueguodaode、falvdengjiexian，quganyijian“huaishi”。

《越轨：人为什么干“坏事”》（节选）

撰文 | 亚力克斯·梯尔（Alex Thio） 翻译 | 王海霞

你了解“家庭暴力”吗？

yinweijiatingbaolichuxianzaiwomenzuinanwang、zuiqinmideshehuishenghuozhong，womenkenenghennanzhanzaizhonglihuokeguandelichangshangfenbianbuheshidezhuti。

误解1：家庭暴力只发生在穷人家 

daliangshishibiaoming，zaidishoururenqunzhongjiatingbaolidebilvjiaogao。yixiangdiaochaxianshi，zaipinkunxianbianyuandepinkunjiatingzhongfashengdebaoli5beiyupinkunxianyishangdejiating。zheiyiweizhepinkunjiatinggengyoukenengfashengjiatingbaoli，danzheibingbuyiweizheqiongrenyidingzuijubaoliqingxiang。shishishang，daduoshuyanjiubiaoming，zhiyoushaoshuqiongrenjiatingcunzaibaoli。qingzixikankanzheigezhongdafaxian：bailingjiatingzhong，you10.4%dezhangfujuyoubaoliqingxiang；lanlingjiatingzhong，13.4%dezhangfushibaolide。zheiyifaxianchangbeiyinzheng，yishuominglanlingzhangfukenenggengjuyoubaoliqingxiang。buguo，zhiyou13.4%delanlingzhangfushiyoubaoliqingxiangde。

误解2：暴力和爱不能同时出现

xuduorenjiashebaoliheaishiwanquanpaichide，yinweitamenbunengtongshicunzaiyuhunyinhejiatingzhong。danshifumujingchangcaiqubaolishouduanjiaoxunqiaizi。jinguanyihunrenshibukenengyongaidemingyiduipeioushinve，danshiyifangdalelingyifanghou，fufuhaishishenghuozaiyiqi，hunyinyenengweichihenzhangshijian（pingjunliunian）。zheishiyinweishinvedeyifangjingchangxiangshounvedaizhebiaodaaiyi，erqieduitamendecuowuxingweijinxingdaoqianhechanhui。daduoshushouhairenyebuhuimeicidoulijilikaiyemandepeiouhuozhekaishirumaduifang。dangran，suoyouzheixiebingbushianshibaoliduihunyinshiyouhaochude，yinweidaduoshuaidadeqizizuizhonglikailetamendezhangfu。tazhibiaomingbaolifashengzaiyixieaideguanxizhong。

误解3：大多数受虐待的孩子长大后成为施虐的父母

shounvezheheshinvezheruyingsuixing。yanjiuyibiaoming：you（zaihunyinzhong）shounvejinglidefumugengyoukenengbazijidehaizibianweinvedaiduixiang。shishishang，daduoshushounveertongzhangdahoubingbuhuinvedaizijidehaizi。 

误解4：大多数的家庭暴力伴随着酒精和毒品

shishishang，zhanranjiujinghedupinjiuhenyoukenengfashengjiatingbaoli。yixiangyanjiubiaoming，xujiuzhenvedaiqizidebili（19.2%）shibuxujiu（6.8%）dejin3bei。zheibiaoming，lanyinjishibushijiatingbaolidezhenzhengyuanyin，yezaiqizhongbanyanleyigezhongyaojiaose。danbijingzhiyoushaoshunanren（19.2%）kuangyinhoudaqizi，erdaduoshurenbingbuzheiyang。xujiuhuoxishidupinbushidamaqipeioudeyuanyin，yinweizheibushiqibenyi，nvedaipeioudezhenzhengyuanyinshiyixiegerenwentihuojingjiwenti。duineixieyouleisiwentidenanshilaishuo，jiujinghuozhedupinjingchangchengweinvedaiqizideyigejiekou。

家庭施虐者是一群怎样的人？

jiatingbaoliyouxuduobutongdexingshi，tadefanweihenguang，congxiongdijiemeizhijiandedanaoyizhidaohaizishasifumu。womenjiangguanzhushehuixuejiazuiganxingqudeleixing：hunneiqiangjian、qizishounve、ertongshounvehelaorenshounve。duijiatingbaolidechengdu，gegeyanjiubaogaozhongshuobuyi。anzhaojiatingbaolideguangyijieding，yanjiuzhejiuhuibaogaoyigefeichanggaodefashenglv，eranzhaoxiayidejiedingyouhuidedaoyigehendidefashenglv。

• 婚内强奸：婚后8%～14%的妻子。
• 虐待妻子：每年3%的妻子。
• 虐待儿童：每年6%的孩子。
• 虐待老人：每年2%的老人。

yingdangzhuyi，zheixieshuzizhishizuixiaozhi，shiyizhongbaoshouguji。yanzhongdejiatingbaolishishishangkenenggaoyuzheigebaifenbi，yinweirenmentongchangbuyuanxiangyanjiuzhetoulutamendejiatingwenti。jishizheixiebaifenbikanqilaixiangdangxiao，danzaoshoujiatingbaolidenvxing、ertonghelaorenshuliangyedaoleshuyibaiwan。

jiatingzhongdeshinvezheyibanjuyouxiangsixing。qitedianruxia：

（1）年龄。年轻的丈夫和父母，尤其是那些不到30岁的人比年长者gengyoukenengnvedaiqier。zheishuoming，nianqingnanzizhongpubiancunzaijiaodadebaolifanzuiqingxiang。

（2）jieceng。jiatingbaolibianbugejieceng，danshizaidishourujiecengzhonggengweipubian。jiatingbaoligengpinfandifashengzaiweishouguogaodengjiaoyuderenqunzhong。zheikenengshiyinweiyuzhongshangjiecengxiangbi，xiacengrenshizaijiatingwaizhanxiangerenquanlidejihuijiaoshao，ziyuanhuojihuiquefa。danshizaijialitamenfaxian，xiangduiyuqizi，zhangfuzhanjuzhetongzhidiwei，xiangduiyuhaizi，muqinzhanjuzhetongzhidiwei。yinci，shenchuxiacengdenanrengengyoukenengnvedaiqizi，nvrengengyoukenengnvedaizijidehaizi。

（3）xingbie。zaijiali，nanrenbinvrengengyoukenengduishouhairenzaochengyanzhongdeshanghai，danshinvrenyunanrenyiyang，shenzhibinanrenhaiyoukenengduibanlvzaochengbutaiyanzhongdeshanghai。jinyitifaweili，nvrengengyoukenengchengweishinvezhe。yigemingxiandeyuanyinshi，muqinchengdanzhezhaoguhaizidezhuyaozeren，yuhaizixiangchudeshijianjiaoduo，yinciyougengduoshinvedejihui。yicileitui，younanrenfuzezhaoguhaizidejiali，nanrengengyoukenengchengweishinvezhe。

（4）shenghuoyali。shenghuoyalijiaodadejiatinghenyoukenengchuxianjiatingbaoli。shenghuoyalibaokuojingjiwenti、huaiyun、shenweiweihunmama、sangouyijixingkunrao。

（5）shehuigejue。weilejianqingyalijinerjianshaojiatingbaoli，dabufenrendouhuixiangqinqi，erbushijiarenhuolinju、pengyouyijishequzhongdeqitachengyuanqiuzhu。danshineixiekenengyoubaoliqingxiangderenwangwangbuyuwaijiejiaowang。

为什么有人会殴打妻子？

juguji，meinianmeiguodayueyousanfenzhiyideyihunrenshihuigongjitamendepeiou，qizhongzhishaoyousanfenzhierfashengzaihunyinqijian。yanjiuzhezhichu，yuzhangfuyiyang，qiziyenenggouchengweizuifan，jinguanweishubuduo。

wentishi，zheixieyanjiuzhebabaolidehefeibaolidexingweijiaozaiyiqi，haoxiangliangzhongxingweishiyiyangde。liru，tamenjiedingsuoyoudepaidaxingweidoushuyubaoli。zheimezuohulveleyixietebieshinvrendepaidaxingwei，qizhongxuduobunengsuanzhenzhengdebaoli。erqitadepaida，tebieshinanxingdepaidagengyoukenengshiyizhongbaolixingwei。jieguo，yiweiqizikaiwanxiaodidatazhangfudeshouyichengfatatouchiletadecanhoutiandian，yebeirendingweibaolixingwei，beirenweizheigenzhangfunudaqizidelian，dadiaoletadejikeyachimeiyoushenmebutong。weilebimianwentifuzahua，womenjiangguanzhuzhenzhengdebaolixingwei，jixingweihouguofeichangyanzhongyizhizaochengleshanghai，zheigengduodifashengzaineixiewanquantingmingyuzhangfudeqizishenshang。yixienvrenyanzhongshanghailetamendezhangfu，danshizheizhizhansuoyounvedaipeiouandeyixiaobufen。

1.殴打妻子的实质

 jiunvedaipeioudereneryan，juedaduoshuzhangfubiqizigengcanbao。zhengrumading·shiwacizaiyixiangquanmeifanweidediaochafenxizhongfaxian，1641mingnvxingshuotamenbeizhangfugongjiguo，erzhiyou102mingnanrenxuanchengbeitamendeqizioudaguo。zuijindediaochayexianshi，juedaduoshudepeiounvedaixingweishinvxingshouzhangfudenvedaiheshanghai。suiranmeinianqiziaidadebilishifeichangxiaode（3%），danshijishuliangchaoguole200wan，zheizuyichengweiyigeyanzhongdeshehuiwenti。zaifanzuiguochengzhong，shinvedezhangfutongchangrenweizijiyouquandaqizi。suoyizaitamenshinvehou，bingmeiyoubiaoxianchuzhenzhengdechanhui，wanquanchengrenfanzui。tamenshenzhijingchangliyongyixiafangfaquguyidilai，huozhebatamendebaoxinghelihua：

• 指责受害人挑起了争端。（“她对我大叫，我告诉她别喊，可她并不想闭嘴。”）
• 对受害人的伤害最小化。（“我并没有真正地伤害她，我只给了她一巴掌。”）
• 把暴力归结为自己无法控制的一些问题。（“我喝得太多了，我白天工作不顺心。”）

qiziaidahou，jingshenshangshoudaodeshanghaichaochuleshentideshanghai。zheizhongshanghaiwangwangfazhanchengxinlixuejiasuoshuode“chuangshanghouyingjizhangaizheng”，yumeiguoshibingzaiyuezhanhuoyizhanshichanshengdewenluanzhengxiangleisi。zheigezonghebingzhengyoujusang、youlvhewuzhugansuogoucheng。xiamianshiyigemingjiaojinjiededianxinganli：

jinjiebazijiyupengyouhejiatinggejueqilai。taduizijideshenghuoshiqulexingqu，bimianrenhenenggou“shitachuyuweixianzhizhong”deqingxing。shijishang，jinjiekanqilaihaoxiangbijingshenbingyuandeyixiebingrengengjusang、gengyoulv。

yixieyouyaliwenluanzhengdeshouhairendouhuizunxunyigeteshudezhimingmoshi，jisangshizizun、ganjueshoupian、jingchangchuyubaolidekongjuzhizhongdeng，zuizhongyishadiaonvedaizijidezhangfuergaozhong。 

2.为什么一些妻子挨了打却不离婚？ 

renmenguangfanrenwei，daduoshuaidadeqizihuijixurongrennvedai，bingqiejixuhetamendezhangfushenghuozaiyiqi。danshiyucixiangfan，juedaduoshunvrenshounvehoulikaileshinvedezhangfu。tamenlikaijiaquxunqiubangzhu，huozhexunqiujingcha、shehuigongzuozhe、xinlijiankangjigou、shourongsuo、fumuhuozhepengyoudebangzhuhebihu。danshidangtamenbeishinvezhangfugenzonghuozhuishashi，huijixubiaoxianchuchuangshanghouyingjizhangai。

ranerweishenmeyixienvxingxuanzejixuhenvedaitamendezhangfushenghuozaiyiqini？yigeyuanyinshi，tamenzhongjuedabufenshoudaodejiaoyuhenshao，bingqiemeiyoushourulaiyuan，tamendabufenzaishehuishanghejingjishangyuwaijiegejue。yucixianglianxi，tamenzaijingjishangbeipoyilaizijideshinvezhangfu，zheishitamenwufacongjiatingzhiwaideqitarenneilixunqiubangzhu。lingyigeyuanyinshi，shounvezhehaipazijilikaihou，zhangfuhuibaofu。ranerjixuyuzhangfuzaiyiqi，zheixienvrenhenkenengbeizhangfushadiao，huozhebeibiwunai，zhuanerjuewangdifenqifankang，jiangqizhangfushasi。 

3.殴打妻子的原因

nvquanzhuyizherenwei，oudaqizideyigezhuyaoyuanyinshinanxingzhishangzhuyihefuquanzhi，banvrendangzuoshitamenzhangfudecaichan。fuquanzhidebiaoxianruxia：zaiyouxieguojia，bayigemoshengrendachengzhongshangyaosuanzuozhongzui，danshishanghaizijideqinvquekeyicongqingfaluo，zhangfujishaobeibu，henshaoyourenyinciruyu。yijingyouzhengjubiaomingfuquanzhiduioudaqizideyingxiang。liru，xinfengfuquanzhidezhangfubiyibanrengengyoukenenggongjizijideqizi，oudaqizizaifuquanzhishehuibineixiexingbiepingdengdeshehuigengpubian。

raner，fuquanzhibingfeioudaqizideweiyiyuanyin。ruguoshidehua，meigezhangfudoujiangchengweioudaqizizhe。shishishang，meiguozhiyou30%dezhangfuzaitamendezhenggehunyinqineicengjingyouguoshentishangnvedaiqipeioudexingwei。huanjuhuashuo，fuquanzhiduiyixiezhangfudeyingxiangbijiaoda，tamenshoudaogengdadeguwuqunvedaipeiou。danshi，hezhongleixingdezhangfugengrongyishoudaofuquanzhideyingxiangni？kenengshineixieyinpinkun、shiye、xidu、xujiuershizijideshenghuoshikongderen。youyuganjueshiquleshengcunquan，zheixienanrengengrongyijieshounanxingkongzhihezhipeitamenqizidefuquanzhiguandian。jirantamenmeiyouqianheqitabaoguideziyuandengzheixiefuyoudenanrenjieyikongzhitamenqizidedongxi，qiongrenmenbianbeiposuzhubaoli，yicizuoweikongzhitamenqizideshouduan。zheikeyijieshiweishenmeyanjiujingchangbiaomingqiongrenhuozheshiyederenbiqitadenanrengengyoukenengoudatamendeqizi，tebieshineixieshouguyongdenvren，yinweitamendegongzuoxianshichuduizhangfuquanlihekongzhideyizhongweixie。

家暴已成为全球性问题

jiatingbaolishiyizhongquanqiuxingwenti，cunzaiyumeiyigeshehui。geguodebaolitedianjibenxiangtong。tashejishenti、xinlihuoxingnvedai。zuichangjiandeshentinvedaibaokuotuisang、quanda、zhangguai、zhiwuyijiningbei。zaixinlinvedaidedaduoshuanlizhong，shouhairenbeidangzhongxiuru、buduanzemahuozheyiqitafangshishiqidiulian。dianxingdexingnvedaishiqiangpobanlvhuoqitajiatingchengyuanyuqifashengxingguanxi。

suiranzheixiejiatingbaolishishijiexingde，danshifazhanzhongguojiabimeiguoheqitafadaguojiafashengdepinlvgenggao。zaixuduopinqiongguojia，daduoshushouhairenrengjiuwufacongjingchaju、shourongsuoyijiqitagonggongjigouzhonghuodebangzhu。danzaimeiguoheqitafuyudiqu，shouhairenkenenghenrongyidedaozheixiebangzhu，zheizaihendachengdushangyaoguigongyuguoqu30niandenvquanyundong，talitujieshuzhenduinvxingdebaoli。nanguairujinfuyushehuizhongdejiatingbaolifashenglvyuanyuandiyucongqian。

1990nianyilai，xuduopinqiongguojiayijingkaishibaohunvxingbushounanxingbaolideqinhai，danshinanxingtongzhidefuquanzhichuantongrengranjuyouqiangyoulideyingxiang。liru，zailuomaniya，xuduojiatingbaolideshouhairenbuganxiangdangjujubaobaolixingwei，yinweitamenrenweizuoweinvrenyingdangshishiaida。zaieluosi，dangyigenvrenaidahouxiangjingchaqiuzhushi，duifanghuishuo：“nihaihuozheni。womenkandaosishihouziranhuidiaochade。”zaizhurunanfeihewugandazheiyangdeguojia，xinniangdaijiazhuangdexisujinyibuzengqiangle“qizishizhangfuyongyoudeyixiangcaichan”dechuantongguannian。youcileijiazhangzhideguandiancunzai，jiatingbaolizaineixieguojiazhongfeichangpubianyejiuhaobuqiguaile。

fuquanzhizaizhurumeiguozheiyangdefuyushehuizhongyeyirancunzai，danshiqiyingxianglibizaiqiongguoxiaodeduo，zheihendachengdushangguigongyunvquanzhuyizhejin30nianlaiduixingbiepingdengsuozuodenuli。zheixianranshimeiguodejiatingbaolijianshaole。raner，xingbiepingdenghaidailaileyigeyiwaidejieguo：meiguonvxingsihubidisanshijieguojiazhongdenvxinggengyoukenengnvedaitamendezhangfu。dancileisuoweidenvedaizhangfudexingweidadoushichuyuzainanxingtongzhijiatingzhongdeziweihuoduishinvedezhangfujinxingbaofu。shijishang，nvedaizhangfufanyinglenvxingduifuquanzhidebuman，yincitagengyoukenengfashengzaiyigexiangmeiguozheiyangdeshehuizhong。meiguonvxingbidisanshijiedenvxingxiangyougengdadexingbiepingdengquanli。disanshijiedenvxingduiyujiazhanggengweishuncong，yincitamenhenshaofankangshinvedezhangfu。

本文节选自中国人民大学出版社《越轨：人为什么干“坏事”？》，较原文删节改动，经出版社授权发布