文|财经无忌  萧田

zhongguochuhaidedahuanjingyuelaiyuechengshu，qiyechuhaidexuqiuyeyuelaiyuepoqie。

2022nian1yue19riwanjian，“gongchengjixielongtou”sanyizhonggongchuangshirenliangwengenciqudongshizhangyizhi，zaiyeneiyinqireyi。

haizaiqunian，yuanjihuatuixiudeliangwengen，chengpengshangdisicigongyehuageminglangchao，lingwudaoyongdashuju、weifuwuheyunjisuandengxinjishujiwajuejilianwangdemeimiao，suijuedingzaidaganshinian。

ranershigeyinian，jicongtaiqianzhuanxianglemuhou。

xijiuqibeihoudeyuanyin，zheiyiqieyedouyoujikexun。

zuoweizhongguogongchengjixiexingyede“kangbazi”，sanyizhonggongchengjieleguoqu5nianshangshengzhouqizhonggongchengjixiexingyehongli，chenglebaozhang5beidedaniugu。danziqunianyilai，youyushebeigengxinzhouqi，diejiafangdichan、jijiantouziyuleng，gongchengjixiexiaoliangquyujianruo。sanyizhonggonggujiakaishijingli“guoshanche”xingqing。

guoqudeyinianli，sanyizhonggongcongzuigaodian50.3yuan/gu，yiluxiaxing，jiezhidao2yue22ri，shoupanjia20.38yuan/gu，zongshizhiwei1730yi。

duichongguoneigongchengjixiexingyezhouqixingyingxiang，fuwuyuguangkuodeguowaishichangchengweilesanyiweilaifazhandezhongzhongzhizhong。

genjusanyizhonggonggonggao，zhangduozheliangwengencizhijiushiweilebagengduodejinglifangzai“sanhua”（guojihua、shuzihua、diandonghua）shang。

shishishang，sanyizhonggongdeguojihuazhanlve，zhishizhongguopinpaijitichuhaideyigesuoying。jinnianlai，congjiadianzhizao、hulianwangqiye，daofuzhuangfushi，zaidaoshipinxiaofei，guoneijingzhengjianqubairehuadengzhongduobeijingxia，gexinggeyedouzaijijikuozhanghaiwailingtu。

chuhai，buzaishidangeqiyeduanqideyazhuxingwei，erzhengzaibianchengyigeqiyeqianzhishenshuiqu，kaituodierzengzhangquxiandezhuliu。zaizheigeguanjianjiedian，caijingwujizhanwang2022nian，shitucongyixiasangejiaodufenbietantao：

1、“zouchuqu”weishenmezhengzaichengweiyizhonggongshi？

2、dangxiazhongguoqiyechuhaidezhuyaolujingshishenme？

3、naxiebujuquanqiuhuadeqiyenenggouzhuazhushidaidehongli？

suimonianchu，gezhongchuhaidahuiruqierzhi。xuduochuhaicongyezhedouranfaxian，“canhuiderenmingxianbianduole”。xiangbiyuzaoxieniandelengqing，quniandidechuhaixingyefenghuimentingruoshi。

ruguoshuoturuqilaideyiqingranggexinggeyechengya，“zhimianbuquedingxing,bingcongbuquedingxingzhongxunzhaoquedingxing”chengweiguoquyiduanshijianzhongguoqiyezouchuweijidezhangqiketi，neimezaihouyiqingshidai，chuhaijiuyichengweizhongguogexinggeyezuidadequedingxing。

zaicaijingwujikanlai，dangxiadezhongguopinpaichuhaiyinglaiguaidianlibukaisigezuizhuyaodeyinsu：

qiyi，congzhenggezhongguojingjidahuanjinglaikan，jingjixiaxingdeyalixia，jingjifusudeshitoukongnanjiasu。jiashangqunianbufenxingyezaodaozhengdundengyuanyin，zhengzaibuduanxueruoguorendexiaofeili。

1yue28ri，guojihuobijijinzuzhi（imf）fabuleyuzhongguodedisitiaokuancuoshangbaogao。gaibaogaojiangzhongguozai2022nianjingjizengzhangyuqicongzhiqiande5.6%xiadiaozhi4.8%，bingtidao，xiaofeifusufalishiimfjiangdiduizhongguo2022nianzengzhangyuqidezhuyaoyuanyinzhiyi。

zheiyeyiweizhe，zhenggexiaofeixingyebujinyaomianlin“tudingxing”derenkoujiegousuodailaidepinfuchaju，yucitongshi，haiyaomianlinyiqingdaozhidejuminshouruyuqiyali，xiaofeiyiyuanxiahua。

qier，congqiyedeshichangjingzhengzhonglaikan，jiyupangdaderenkouhongliyunyudequanqiuzuidaxiaofeishichang，gexinggeyepaomaquandizhiyuyezhijiedaozhileguoneishichangjingzhengdetongzhihuaheneijuanhua。channengguoshengyijingchengweiyigexianshideshehuiwenti。

yidangxiazuiweihuobaodexinnengyuanqicheweili，jinianqian，zaochexinshilijueqi，xinzaocheqiyeyiduchengweichuangtouquandechonger、rongzibuduan。cunhuoxialaidewanjiazhong“yuxiaoli”、weima、lingpao、nazhadengwanjiajingzhengyuelaiyuejilie。

chuciyiwai，haiyouhulianwangxingye、shipinxiaofei、canyinye、fuzhuangshishang、shoujixingyedengdoumianlinzheiyangdeweiji。yeyinweici，bushaoqiyepoqiedexunqiuchayihuajingzheng。

qisan，congmianxiangshehuibanbudezhengceshangkan，zaiwaimaochukoulingyu，guojiayejiyuleyixiliedezhiyin。

qunian5yue，zonglidaozhejiangdiaoyandangdichuhaiqiyeshi，tichuzhongguoqiyehepinpaiyaogenghaorongruguojishichang，kaizhanziyougongpingmaoyi；jinnian1yue1ri，rcepzhengshishengxiao，15gercepdiyuefangzongrenkouda22.7yi，gdpda26wanyimeiyuan，chukouzongeda5.2wanyimeiyuan，junzhanquanqiuzongliangde30%，shimuqianquanqiuzuidadeziyoumaoyiqu。

xianeryijian，zhengcegulixiadehaiwaizengliangshichang，zhengzaichengweiyuelaiyueduoqiyedegongshi。

qisi，zhongguozhizaodeshengchanbiaozhunhenengliyijingjubeiheshijiejutoukanghengdenengli，bansuizheyiqingdailaidechukouhongliyejiangzheiyiyoushijinyibufangda。

10nianqian，“made in china”zheigecihaizhishi“shanzhai”、“zhiliangcha”dedaimingci。erzaijintian，“zhongguozhizao”zheigecideyiyizhengzaibeigengzhengdiedai。

zaiquniande“heisexingqiwu”he“wanggouxingqiyi”qijian，zhongguopinpairudiandongyashua、saodijiqiren、yuanchuangfushi、chaoliuwanjudengpoweichangxiao，xiangkewosi、anntrue、bedsuredengzhongguopinpaidouzaiheiwuwangyicuxiaojiliqudelebusudechengji。

erjuguge（google）lianhekaidu（kantar）fabude“2020nianbrandzzhongguoquanqiuhuapinpai50qiang”shujuxianshi，zhongguoquanqiuhuapinpai50qiangzengsuwei8%。zhongguopinpaizhengzaizhujianzhanlingdayangbianxiaofeizhedexinzhi，dedaodangdixiaofeizhederenke。

rucizhongzhongyeyiweizhe，zaizhongguozheipiantudishang，chuhaichengweileqiyede“bidati”，yueshiyouxiudeqiyeyuexuyaozouchuquwei“zhongguozhizao”zhengming。2022nian，zhongguopinpaiyangfanchuhai“zuihaodeshidai”huoxuyijingdaolai。

zhongguoqiyechuhaibingbushiyigexinxianhuati，zaiguoqudejishinianjian，zhongguoqiyetongguodaigongdengfangshi，daliang“zhongguozhizao”chanpinbeixiaowangquanqiugedi，zhongguoyepingjiezhejididerengong、dizuheyuancailiaochengben，xunsuzhanlinglehaiwaishichang。

caiyongdaigongmoshizaiyidingchengdushangchuangzaolezhongguowaimaoyede“huangjinshidai”，buguo，youyuqimenjiandi，jiazhiduishichangquefalejie，diyufengxiandenenglihencha，lirunlvdi，duanbanyezhujianxianxian。rujindezhongguozhengzaizhujianjubeishengjizhuanxingde“neigong”，zhongguoqiyechuhaizhengzaicongchanpinchuhaidaopinpaichuhai。

dancongchanpindaopinpai，zheiliangzhongbeihoushiwanquanbutongdeliangzhongluoji。yigeguanjiandezhuanbianshi，jiaoyuzhiqiandechanpinchuhai，pinpaichuhaishiyiduliwanzhengdexingxiangquyuhaiwaidexiaofeizhezhijieduihua，zheitongshiyeyiweizheyidanchuhaijiuyiwei“yiqieconglingkaishi”。

muqianlaikan，pinpaiquanqiuhuatangchuleliangtiaolujing：yizhongshishengerquanqiuhua。zhideshizidanshengdiyitianjiujujiaohaiwaishichang，haiwaijiushizhuzhanchangdegongsi。ankechuangxin、chuanyin、sheinfushidengjiushuyuzheiyangdegongsi。

yiguoquyinianlibeirenmenpinfantiqidesheinweili。zheijiakuajingdianshangpingjiezhechanpinfengfu、shangxinkuai、danjiadidetedian——meitianshangxin3000yugexinkuan，jiaohuozhouqisuoduanzhi7tian，meijianshangpindedanjiakeyidizhishijimeiyuanshenzhijimeiyuan，rangoumeishichangdexiaofeizhezaishouyiqingyingxiangdaozhiquanqiuxiaofeipiruandeqingkuangxiayenengshixian“gouwuziyou”。

2021nian，sheinzaigooglesousuoliangchaoguozara、youyiku，bingqiechengweilemeiguoanzhuangcishuzuiduodegouwuyingyong。

dierzhongzhuyaoshizaiguoneizuodebijiaochenggongdegongsicongneixiangwaidequanqiuhua。zheiyeshizhenggezhongguopinpaichuhaidezhuyaolujing。

在这之中，既包括了阿里、腾讯、字节跳动、滴滴、meituan、aiqiyidenghulianwangdachang，yebaokuolexiaomi、dajiangdengxiaofeidianzixingye，haier、tcl、haixindengjiadianzhizaoxingye，lining、antadengfuzhuangfushipinpai，qiaqia、liangpinpuzi、yuanqisenlindengshipinxiaofeixingye。

zhideyitideshi，beikaojudadechengxuyuanhongli，zaifazhanjiezoushang，zhongguodianzishangwu、yidongyouxijishejiaoyulexingyingyongzhongdezhibo、duanshipinzhengtilingxianhaiwai1-2nianshijian。zaijiashang，jinglileguoneishichangyilunjiaoyande“dakao”hejiliedejingzhenghexipai，hulianwangxingyechengweizhongguoqiyepinpaichuhaidejizhonglingyu，yidapichenggongchuhaidezhongguopinpaizhujianweirensuozhi。

yizijietiaodongdetiktokweili，zuoweidiyikuanzhenzhengyiyishangshixianquanqiuhuadezhongguohulianwangchanpin，genjumeiguoyunwangluoanquanfuwugongsifabudezuixinshujuxianshi，2021nian，tiktokyiqudaigoogle，chengweiquanqiuliuliangzuidadehulianwangchanpin。

chuciyiwai，haiyouhuanjujituanqixiadezhibochanpinbigo live、chizichengkejiqixiadeshejiaochanpinmico、mihayouqixiadeyouxi《yuanshen》deng。zheixiezaikuaisudiedaizhongbuduanchengzhangdezhongguohulianwangqiye，jileilegengweichengshudeyanfaheyunyingjingyan，zhengzaibuduanjuejingengguangkuodeguojishichang。

buguo，qubieyuhulianwangqiyede“taolidafa”，zaidazhongxiaofeipinxingyenei，zhongguopinpaichuhaizhuyaohaishitongguolingwaisanzhongfangshi：haiwaishougou、kuajingdianshang、hezichukou。

zaihaiwaibinggoushang，yiantaweili，duonianlaixianhoushougouleyidaliyundongxiuxianpinpaifila，ribenfuzhuangpinpaidescente、shizuniaodemugongsiamer sportsdengzhongduohaiwaizhimingpinpai，zaihaiwaikuozhangshangfahuilejudazuoyong；

zaikuajingdianshangshang，jiaowaiguoren“keguazi”deqiaqia，zhongguogaoduanlingshichangdaozheliangpinpuzi，pingjiezhejinnianlaikuajingdianshangdefazhan，yeyichenggongmaidaoquanqiuduogeguojiahediqu；

zaihezichukoushang，zhagenyindushichangdexiaomibushishoudaodangdizhengzhi、jingjishangdeqianzhi，zhidao2015nianlaiziyindutatajituandeguanjiantouzi，zaiqijiachixia，xiaomideyindufazhanzhiluyezoudeyufashunsui。

zai“dafengdalang”zhongbuhuo“dayu”，zhongguogegexingyedeqiyezaihaiwaishichangdechengzhanghetupo，wuyizhengzaidaijihoulaizhegengduodexinxin。

keguaneryan，cong“feizhoushoujizhiwang”chuanyin，daofengmiquanqiudeduanshipinyingyongtiktok，zaidaorangwushubeimeinvhaiweizhifengkuangdeshein。zhongguopinpaichuhaisuiranshitouzhengsheng，danzheibingbushiyitiaorenrendounengqingyizoutongdejiejing。

butongchanpin、shichang、shiji，duiyingdeyouxiguizeqianchawanbie。tamendechenggongzhinengshiyizhongcankaoyangbenquebukewanquanfuzhi。

huiwangguoquzhongguodezaoqizhizaoyechuhai，douraobukaisangemingcioem、odmheobm。shiyushangshijidedaigongmoshishouxianrangzhongguogongchangyouleoem（zizhushengchannengli），bansuizhegongchangzaigongyijishudechengshu，changfangzuooemjiule，manmanjianliqileodm（zizhushejinengli）。congbaipaigengjinyibu，gongchangzhujianfaxianzijiyounenglishejichulaiyouxiudechanpin，suijiyouyouleobm（zizhupinpai）yishi。rujin，wushudezhongguozhizaoyeqiye，congxiaofeidaogaokeji，douchuyuobmdetansuozhuangtai。zheishizhenggezhongguozhizaoqiangdadedicengluoji。

huaneryanzhi，nenggouchuhaidezhongguopinpai，zaichanpinlishangyijingyuhaiwaishichangchuyutongyitidui。danwentiyezaiyu，pinpaichuhaishijinruyigequanxindeshichang，guangpingchanpinlihaiyuanyuanbugou，chanpinli、qudaoli、yingxiaolisanzhexiangfuxiangcheng，huxiangchengjiuqueyibuke。

caijingwujirenwei，congzhenggepinpaichuhaipinleikan，dazhikeyihuafenweibiaozhunhuadegongyepinhefeibiaozhunhuadegongyepinlianggedapinlei。paokaichanpinliwai，zheilianggepinleiduiqudaoliheyingxiaoligeyoucezhong。

congqianzhelaikan，biaozhunhuadegongyepinduiyingdezhuyaoshiqiche、jiadian、shoujidengxingye。zheixiexingyepingjiezhongguoqiangdadegongyinglianhechanyelianguimoyoushi，jizhidegaoxingjiabiheyonghutiyanjiushipinpaichuhaidezuidayoushisuozai。

zheiyileichanpinzaiyonghushiyongshangjibenshangbuhuichanshengtaidadediyuqubie，zaibutongdediqushoumai，chanpinzhixuyaogaibianruanjianyuyanjike。suoyi，wulunshimianxiangchengshushichang，haishizouxiangqianfadashichang，qudaodoushigaipinleijinjunhaiwaidezuidabilei。

biru，zaijiadianlingyu，haier、haixin、gelihemeidedengzaibujuquanqiuhuadeguochengzhongdoubatuozhanqudaodangzuozhongzhongzhizhong；zaishoujixingye，oppo、vivo、xiaomidengzaidongnanyashichangdezhengduosaiyedoushicongxianshangxianxiadequdaozhankaishide……zheiyeyiweizhe，zaiweilaichuhaidezhengtuzhong，sheinengshouxianzaixingyeneizhuazhuqudao，sheijiunengqiangxianfenyibeigeng。

conghouzhelaikan，feibiaozhunhuadegongyepinzhuyaobaokuoleyouxi、shejiaohegongju、shipinyinliao、meizhuang、fushi、xieyedengxingye。zheiyileichanpinzaibutongquyushichangyoubuyiyangdexingyebiaozhun，yijifeichangdiyuhuadepianhaoxiguan。

jinjunhaiwaidepinpaixuyaolijiedangdiwenhua，cainengzhidaoxiaofeizheaihedekouwei、shenmeiqushi、shiyongxiguandeng，zheijiuyaoqiupinpaiduiyonghuyoufeichangshenkededongchaherenzhi。zheiyiwei，bendihuashichuhaiqiyedelinghun，zhijiejuedinglechuhaichanpinnengfoubeidangdiyonghujienahexiai。

aimeizai《2020nianzhongguoappchuhaixianzhuangyujingzhenggeju》zhongtidao，“zhongguoyidonghulianwangyidongyingyongchuhaishiyingguanzhubentuhuajingying”。shishishang，“bendihua”yichengweilizuyuhaiwaishichangdebixiuke。

图源：艾媒咨询

zijiedetiktokzaibendihuafangmiandenulijiuchaoyueletongxingkuaishou，jincongtuanduilaikan，zijiezaiquanqiugedikaishebanshichu，congguigugedagongsiwaren，dazaole“bentugaoguantiantuan”；qunian，huanjuqixialikeehaihedangdieluosigeshout-killahhezuo，chengweit-killahdezuixindanquhemvfabupingtai。

erzaishipinxiaofeixingye，suizhedui“bentuhua”dezhongshiduyuelaiyuegao，qiyedekaijiangkuotuyeyuelaiyueshunli。

jutilaikan，qiaqiazaibaozhuangshangtedicaiyongdangdiyuyan,bingteyianpaiyixieqiaosi,zaibaozhuangshangzhanshichukeguazidefangfa；liangpinpuzizaijinzhudongnanyashichangshi，zaikuajingdianshangpingtaishopeeshangxianleduozhongkouweikuanshideshipin，mudejiushiweilezhaodaoshihedongnanyarenminxiaidekouwei。

zongtieryan，zhongguoshiquanshijieweiyiyigeyongyouquanbugongyemenleideguojia，congpeixungongrendaogaozhigaoxiaowanchengshengchan，zhongguodegongyinglianzaishuliandu、minjiechengduhexiaolvdengguanjianzhibiaoshangyiranluhuochunqing。zheixieyechengweilezhongguopinpaichuhaidejianshijichu。

erzaizheitiao“qunyinghuicui”dechuhaihangxingzhong，wangwangshishenrulejie、xuexiguowangchenggongjingyandeshuishou，fangnengzaibisaizhongtuoyingerchu，ertamenyejiangzhuazhuxiayichangbisaideruchangquan，yingdeshidaifuyude“juejiangjin”。

2022niandepinpaichuhaidaozuqiezhang，danxingzejiangzhi。