文|脑极体

20shijidedabanshijiannei，niuyueaileguanxianletuanlilianyigenvxingyinlejiadoumeiyou。bianhuafashengzai1970niandai，zhaopinshizaiyanzouzhehepingweimenzhijian，lishangyidaopingzhang，caiyongnimingshizoublind auditionsdefangshilaixuanzerencai。sheixingsheishang，xingbiebuzaizhongyao。

zheidaopingmudegongxiaoliganjianying，daole1980niandai，xinjiarugailetuandeyinlejiazhong，you50%doushinvxing。

dangjishuchuangxinbiandeyuelaiyuefuza、jihe、duoyuan，xuyaozhongduochuangxinzhutihebutongjiaosedecanyu，yingduigezhongbuquedingxing，xingbieyekaishibiandebuzaizhongyao。

bujuyigejiangrencaidechanyemoshi，xiangdangyuyidaowuxingde“blind auditions”，rangnvxingzuoweiyouzhizhilishengchanlideyiban，buzaibeixueshujiehegongyejiejuzhimenwai。ictlingyudenvxingbili，huixiangyinleyanzouyiyangjiasuqujin50%ma？

yaoyongyigecilaizongjie，huoxushi——beixinjiaoji。

beideshi，nvxingxuanzetoushenstemzhiyedequshi，huoxuyijingjiejinfengzhi。yejiushishuo，kenengyongyuandoubuhuikandaojishurenyuandenannvbili，jiejinpinghengdeneiyitianle。

erxinxideshi，yuelaiyuexuekejiaocha、kualingyuronghedechanyezhinenglangchaozhong，gengguangfanlingyudenvxingjiarujinlai，youjinyibutishenglenvxingzaiictjishulingyudezhengtishulianghebili。

chanyeronghedejishulezhang，yuelaiyuexuyaoduoyuanhuadenvxing“yanzouzhe”。zheizhongqiansuoweiyoudexianxiang，shizenmefashengdeni？

女性的选择和被选择的女性

chengshiyidian，huoxuwomendejieshouyigeshishi——“nvxingkeyizuohaobiancheng，dantamenkenengjiushibuxihuanbiancheng”。

zaiciqiandewenzhangzhong，womencengfenxiangguoyigezhumingde“xingbiepingdengbeilun”，neijiushiyigeguojiadexingbiepingdengchengduyuegao，nvxingxuanzeshuxuehekexuezhiyedekenengxingjiuyuexiao。

ruguonvxingquntizaigongpingqieziyoudexuanzexia，jiushibuyuanyixuanzebingtoushenjishugongzuo，neihenduoguojia、qiyesuotuichudexingbiepeie、qingxiezhengce，qibushidouyoudian“zizuoduoqing”。

xianshiqingkuang，haoxiangyequeshiruci。

zengjianvxingzaikejilingyudaibiaoxingdenuli，yijingjinxingleduonian。huashengdundaxuezaiguoqushinianli，jiangstemkechengdenvxueshengbilicong26%tigaodao41%，sitanfudaxuedestemzhuanyenvxingzhanbizezai30%。danzheiyishuju，zaiguoqujinianliyijingxianrutingzhi。jiushishuo，xuexiaozainuli，yemeiyougengduonvxueshengyuanyixuanzejishulingyule。

birutongyangshijisuanjizhuanye，nvxueshengdezengzhangfuducong2008niande0.9%shangshengdao2017niande1.1%。erzaimeiyoutebiegulideqingkuangxia，xuanzejisuanjizhuanyedenanxueshengzecong2008niande5.3%shangshengdao2017niande6.4%，xiangdangyushibeizhangfu。

《daxiyangyuekan》deyipianwenzhang，jieshilezheizhongxuanze：nvxingqueshikeyizaijishufangmian，biaoxiandeyunanhaiyiyanghaoshenzhigenghao，zaijihusuoyouguojia，stemxuekedenvhaizhanbidouzai45%yishang。danchucizhiwai，nvxinghaizaiyuedu、yuyandengfangmian，tongyangyezuodebinanxinghao。erjubeigaoshuxuenenglihegaoyuyannenglideren，butaikenengcongshistemzhiye（34%），yanjiuzhong，zheileirendenvxingzhanbiduoyunanxing（dadao63%）。

jirandouzuodehenhao，dangnvxingxuanzezhuisuizijidejiqingquxuanzegengguangfandeshiye，ictjishuhuoxujiubingbushishouxuan。youqishizaishehuibaozhangshuipingjiaogaodediqu，nvxingzaijingjishanggengyouanquangan，ziranyewuxuteyixuanzegaoshourudejishugangweile。

yigedakejijutoudenvxingyuangongweili，congshijishuleibiedenvxingbili，yaoyuanyuanxiaoyuguanlidengqitagangwei。

dangran，bixuchengrendeshi，nvxingbuyuanyitoushenjishugongzuo，huishoudaoxuduoyinsudeyingxiang，biruqueshaofumudeguli，meiyoucongxiaokaishijiechujishu，duichengxuyuandekebanyinxiang，ruanjianxingyegongzuowenhuadengdeng……womenzhitantao，zaimuqian，nvxinggengshaochengweijishuzhuanjiadeqingkuangxia，shibushiyiweizheictlingyuweilaiyiranjiangyounanxinglaiwanchengzhudao？

yigexianxiangsihunengtuifanzheiyijielun，neijiushi，ictlingyukaishidanshengyuelaiyueduodefeijishuleigangwei，xiyinlegengduofeijishuzhuanyedenvxingtoushenqizhong。

chulenvchengxuyuan、nvkaifazhe、nvjishuzhuanjiadegushi，haiyougengduozuochulebuketidaigongxian、bingjiangzaiweilaigaibianictxingyedefeijishunvxing，zhidebeilejie。ertamen，gouchengleictlingyulishengshengbuxidenvxingliliang。

人机交互的一个微笑

shixiangyixia，ruguojishushijielizhiyouwuqudedaima、binglengdeyingjian、dandiaodeyemian，neiwomenhaihuiweitaruchiruzuima？suoweideyuanyuzhou，ruguozhenderucicangbai，hailingrenshenwangma？

meiyuyishu，libukainvxingshejishi、yishujiadecanyu。

zheilikeyitidaozhinengxiaofeiyingjianlishenmeizuibeituichongdepingguo。henduorendoujiangpingguodechenggong，guigongyuqiaobusibenrendenengli，tashipingguoxuduobiaozhixingshejibeihouderen，dankenengzhiyoushaoshurentingshuoguo，sanshinianqianjilepingguoyigeweixiaodenvshejishi——sushan·kaier（susan kare）。

ruguomeiyouta，pingguoyexubuhuichengweijintiandedagongsi。zaiguigudebowuguannei，sushankaieryongyouyigezhuanshuzhanqu。

（苏珊·凯尔（Susan Kare）在苹果公司的办公桌前，1984年）

tajipingguohezhenggeyingjianxingyedailaidebianhua，jiushitongguoyouhaodesheji，xiaochulegunshileduishidiwen·liweisuoshuode“fudyuanze：kongjufear，buquedingxinguncertaintyhehuaiyidoubt”，zheizhongfudcengranghenduoyonghudaxiaolegoumaigerendiannaodeniantou。

zaicizhiqian，1982nian，tajieshouleyiweilaopengyou——dangshipingguoruanjiangongchengshiandi·hezifeierde（andy hertzfeld）deqingqiu，jiarupingguo，touxianshi“macintoshyishujia”，renwushicanyushejiyikuan“mianxiangputongxiaofeizhedeyiyushiyong、dichengbendejisuanji”。

kaierqueshizuodaole，1984nian，pingguotuichudemacintosh，yinweijiandanqieyonghuyouhaodetuxingyonghujiemian（gui），conglishiyoujiudejisuanjixingyezhongtuoyingerchu。

（由Kare设计的MacPaint欢迎屏幕）

kaierxuyaojiejuesangewenti：

1、dangshimeiyourenheshuzituxingbianjiqihezhuomianshejichengxu，ruhezaishuqiangexiangsudiangouchengde“huabu”shangchuangzuoni？pingguojiletayigemacintoshdeyuanxing，qizhongbaohanmacpainttuxingbianjiqidechudaibanben。kaiergoumaiyigewanggesumiaoben，tongguotalaimonijisuanjixianshiqidexiangsuwangge，shouhuihouranggongchengshizhuanhuaweidianzhentubiao。

2、shejikeyirangquanshijiebutongwenhuaheshehuibeijingderenmensuolijiehejieshoudefuhaotuxing。zheixiefuhaobixujiandan、zhiguan、mingque，yucaozuoxingweilianxiqilai。

weici，kaierconggezhonglaiyuanjiqulinggan，birumofangruidianlvyoujingdianlubiaode“mingling”fuhao，zhijinhaiyingyongzaipingguodiannaoshang。zuizhumingdetubiaozeshi“weixiaodemac”，dangmacqidongyingjianchenggongshi，yigexiaolianhuixiangyonghudazhaohu。biaoshixitongguzhangdezhadantubiao，zhijindouhuiranghenduolaochengxuyuangandaobuhanerli。

3、weipingguoxitongshejiyitaoquanxindezitikuhexindepaibanjiemian。dangshi，daduoshushuzizitidoushidengkuande，xueguoshufadeqiaobusiduizheiyidianfeichangbushufu，macintosh shidiyitaijuyoupiaoliangpaibandejisuanji，zitifengfuqieanbilijiangepailie，biruxiandaifenggedechicagoziti，gudianweidaode new yorkzitidengdeng，douchuzikaierzhishou。

（由Susan Kare设计的芝加哥字体）

keyishuo，rangxiaofeizhejuedepingguodiannaoanquan、kexinlai，sushankaiergongbukemei。

kaierjihumeiyoujisuanjijineng，ciqianyequefarenheshuzishejijingyan，danmouzhongchengdushanglaishuo，tashidiyipishuzipingmianshejishi。

tadezuopin，yedingyilepingguojidairendeyonghutiyan。cihou，tahaicengweiweiruan、ibm、facebookzaineideqitakejijutouzhizuohuibiaohetubiao。zaoqibanbendewindowszhongbaohandezhipaiyouxi，jiushiyoutashejide，tongguowindows zidaidehuaturuanjianhaiyuanchuxianshishijiedezhipai。

youhao、youqinheli、juyoumeigandesheji，kaierdegongzuo，yeshenshenyingxiangledangxiaderenjijiaohu。tajiangyishujiadeganxing，daidaoleyigecengjingshigongchengshihechengxuyuanzhuanshudelingyu，zaiyicicaifangzhong，tashuo：“xiwangbangzhuduikangjisuanjidekebanyinxiang，jijisuanjishibinglenghelingrenshengweide。”

jintian，dangzhinengyingjianyijingjuandaojizhi，kaishiyiruanjiannengliherenjijiaohuzuoweixindesaidian，huoxu，sushankaierzheiyangdenvxingshejishi、yishujia，nenggoudailaizaiyicidebiange。

数字服务的一次对话

heictxingyebutong，zixunxingyejihushixingbiebilizuiweijunhengdelingyu，nvxingzaijihusuoyoudaxingzixungongsizhongzhan40%yishang。genjubimaweideshuju，qiquanqiujin50%deyuangongyounvxingzucheng。

guanlizixunshishijieshangzuidadexingyezhiyi，kaishixiangrengongzhineng、yundenglingyujinfa，daidongnvxingzaiictjishuzhongdekejianduyeyuelaiyuegao。

chanyeshuzihua、zhinenghuazhuanxingzhong，guanlizixunjigouyekaishitigongdaliangjiyurengongzhinengdefuwu。maikenxishougoulequantumblack，bimaweibcgchengligamma，aisenzhejiadaduirengongzhinengdetouzi，douxiwangzaibuduanzengzhangderengongzhinengzixunshichangzhongbaochiyoushi。

ernvxingzaizixunlingyudeyoushi，yebeiqianyidaoaixiangmuzhonglai。beiengongsi（bain &company）deyixiangdiaoyanzhong，shoufangnvxingtidaoleyixiatedian：

1、jianliguanxi：nvxingtongchangbuhuishixianbiaodadaliangdeziwo，qingtingnengligengqiang，youzhuyuyukehufangjianliguanxi。

2、guanzhutaren：nvxinggengshanyujianligongshi，gengguanxinrenmendeganshou，congerjianlixinren。yixiangyanjiuzhong，sanfenzhierderenbiaoshi，tamenhuixuanzenvxingbilijiaogaodezixuntuandui。yinweitamenxiangxinnvxinghuihengxiangsikaobingkaolvzhangyuan，congertigonggenggaozhiliangdejiejuefangan。

3、duteguandian：nvxinggengduodicanyudaoxiaofeihuodongzhong，nenggouweiqiyekehutigonghenduodutedejianjieyuguandian。beiengongsideyiweiguzhujiucengtoulu：nvxing，tebieshimuqinheyouserenzhongnvxing，dailailebutongdeguandianhejingyan。

yigedianxingdeanlijiufashengzaiyunshichangzhong。

2019nian，ibmyizongjia340yimeiyuanshougoured hathongmao，falihunheduoyunpingtai，chengweigaibianyunshichanggejudezhongyaoyibu。

zheibilichengbeishideshougou，yeshiibm 100 duonianlishishangzuidadeyibijiaoyi，shirenibmbeimeihezuohuobanshengtaixitongfuzongcaidedorothy copelandduoluoqiandanrenlezhuli。

dangshi，ibmtuanduiduiduoluoqianjiyuhouwang，yinweitabuxiangibmneiyang“blue-washed”（zhilansejurendesiweitaishenerquefabiange），nenggouweizuzhidailaiquanxindeshijiao。

shangxueyuanchushendeduoluoqianzaidangshi，jiuyijingyupanlehunheduoyundefazhanqushi。tatichu，ibmhehongmaodejiehe，nenggourangkaifarenyuangengqingsongdijiangzaihongmaokaiyuandechanpin，bushudaobendiyun、aws、azure he ibm denghunheduoyunshang，zheishihenduoqiyekehuduonianlaidouxiangyaode。

xiangduoluoqianzheiyangdeshangkenvxing，yuelaiyueduodicanyudaoshuzizhanlve、shujuqudongzhuanxingxiangmudezixunyewuzhongqu，zhengshiyinweichanyezhinengdefeisufazhan，xuyaogengduokualingyu、duoshijiaodezhihuitounao。jiuruyichang“blind auditions”，rangxingbiebiandebuzaizhongyao，yinweiqiyehekehudouxiwangguyongzuicongmingderen。

biruhaochengzixunyediyitiduidembb（maikenxi、bcg、beien），jiuyiguzuicongmingderen、zhifuzuigaodexinchou、fuwuzuidadekehuerwenming。ertamendenvxingzhengceyeshikequankedian，bcgcengruxuan“zhiyemuqinzuijiagongsi”，faqiguo“shijienvxing”huodong，weinvxingtigongquanqiuyiliudezhiyefazhan。maikenxiyecengchengnuodao2020nian，qiguwenzhiweizhongyou40%younvxingdanren。

yinweichanyeshuzihua、zhinenghua，gezhongjishujiejuefanganxiangyaojiejuekehudewenti，yidingyaojiyujutixuqiuersheji，lijiebingzhunquechuandikehudexuqiujianyi，zaichanpinhuagongchenghuadeguochengzhongxuyaoyongzhuanyeduhegoutongnengliquxiediao，bushijiafangshuoshenmejiuzuoshenme，zuizhongjiaofujieduan，haiyaogenjuxianchangqingkuanglinghuodiaozhengdiedai，tigongzhangqichixudefuwu，buzaishiyichuizimaimai，xuyaohekehujianliyizhongpingdengdehezuoguanxi。

zheiyangdeshangyemoshixia，nvxingkeyipingjiegengduojineng、gengduoyoushi、gengduogangweijinruictlingyu，zhaoxungerenxingquyushiyechengjiudepinghengdian。

congzheigejiaodushuo，nvxingzaiictlingyudezhengtizengjia，weibishiyinweinvxingliliangjueqi，ershixinjishushichangbuzaipaichiyoucaihuadenvxing。

像鸟飞向你的山

womenqidaiyizhongshengbeishijishu，shiyinweibaohanzheduijishuhezuodezhuiqiu，duiguanhuaiheanquangandexiangwang，qidaiweilaijishuyurenleihezuo，bangzhurenleiqushixianziwo，erfeinuyirenlei、taotairenlei、qudairenlei。

keyikandaodeshi，jishuxiangshanyehao，ai for goodyehao，xunzhaoshengbeideguochengzhong，nvxingzhengyuelaiyueduodifachuweiguang。

yijishuweiyi，renleizhongjianghuididaneizuomeihaodeshandian，zheijiuyaoqiunvxingzuoweirenleizhihuidelingyiban：

1、buziwoshexian。birukaiercongweicongshiguojisuanjituxingxuegongzuo，dantaduizheiyixinlingyuhaobuweiju，zaihuiyipingguodejinglishikaiwanxiaoshuo：“womeiyourenhejisuanjijingyan，dantaiyangdixiawuxinshi，woyoupingmianshejijingyan。”shishizhengming，tabujinwanchengleshuzishejigongzuo，haiyongzijiduiyishudelejieyulinggan，gaibianlewomenyushuzishijiedejiaohufangshi。

yaodizaoyizhongrongnagegelingyudezhishiyuzhihuideshengbeijishu，qiantijiushibujupaxuexiyigequanxindelingyu。

2、yishidaobiaoqianbingjiayuta。nvxingbukebimiandihuiyudaoyixieguanyu“nvxingyinggaishishenmeyang”depanduan，benxiliezhongnanmianyeyouleisidepanduan，birunvxinggengshanyuyurenxiangchu、gengshanzhangruanjinengdengdeng。bixuchengren，zheixiejiyugailvdepanduan，yonglaixingronggetibingbujingzhun，yerongyichanshengxindepianjian（birunanxingbushanzhangyurenxiangchu）。

woyizhiquexin，shijigongzuozhong，getichayiwangwangbixingbiechayigengzhongyao、gengmingxian。

danruguowomenwufashenghuozaiyigehaowubiaoqiandehuanjingzhong，neimexuexiruhejiayubingguanlirenmendejiashe，yonggandifachuzijideshengyin，huoxugengjiazhongyao。biruzaibeianpaizuo“ruangongzuo”shi，ruguomeiyouyishidaozheishiyizhong“kebanyinxiang”bingjishifandui，neimekenenghuixianru“gengruan”degongzuo。

zainenglishangzhuiqiu“xiangnanxingyiyang”，zairenzhizhongbufangduoyixienvxingshijiao，cainenggenghaodilijiehejiayuzishensuochudehuanjing。

wocengkanguoyijuhua：yanqianjiejuebuledewenti，doukejiaofuweilai。shijianshigeweidadezuozhe，tabijiangxiechu，zuiwanmeidedaan。

zaimengchendejishulishizhong，nvxingdeguanghuiyebucengyinmie。shijianzhonghuizhengming，shengbeizhiyujishudekeneng，nvxingzhiyujishudejiazhi。