记者 王玉

nanjingdaxuezhangjiangchanyejingjiyanjiuyuan、beijingshifandaxuejingjiyugongshangguanlixueyuanzhouwulianhefabu《2022zhongguojinkoufazhanbaogao》zhichu，zaizhongguozhengfujijikuodajinkoumaoyidenulixia，jinshinianlaizhongguorenjunjinkouezengzhangle40%，renjunxiaofeipinjinkouezengzhangjin1bei。

baogaozhichu，zuijinshinian，zhongguojinkoumaoyiguimoxianzhushangsheng，cong2012niande11.48wanyiyuanrenminbishangshengdaole2021niande17.36wanyiyuan，2021nianbi2012nianzengjiale51.23%，nianjunzengzhanglvyuewei4.7%。2021nian，zhongguojinkouzhanshijiejinkoudebizhongdadaole11.9%。zicong2009nianzhongguochaoyuedeguochengweiquanqiudierdajinkoumaoyiguoyilai，jiezhi2021nian，zhongguoyijinglianxu13nianwenjuquanqiudierdajinkoumaoyiguodediwei。

congrenjunjinkou（zongjinkoueyunianmozongrenkouzhibi）laikan，zhongguorenjunjinkouecong2001niande191meiyuanzengzhangzhi2021niande1903meiyuan，2021nianshi2001niandejin10bei，shi2012niande1.4bei。renjunxiaofeipinjinkoueyou2001niande8meiyuanzengzhangzhi2021niande180meiyuan，2021nianshi2001niande22.5bei，shi2012niandejin2bei。

baogaozhichu，zhongguozhengfujinshinianfabuleyixilieyujijikuodajinkoumaoyixiangguandezhengcewenjian，zheiqijianzhongguojinkoumaoyizhengcezhuyaotixianweilianggetedian：yishiduocitiji“jiji”kuodajinkou、shixing“jiji”dejinkouzhengce，biaozhizhezhongguodeduiwaimaoyizhengcezhengshijinru“jijikuodajinkou”jieduan。ershigaoduzhongshijinkoucujinpingtaidezuoyong。zhengcewenjianduocitiji“dalifazhanjinkoucujinpingtai”、“jiaqiangjinkoucujinpingtaipeiyujianshe”dengneirong，biaomingguojiazhengfugaoduzhongshijinkoucujinpingtaidejianshe。

“zhudongkuodajinkoushizhongguoyingduishijiezhuyaojingjituogouhenzhongyaodezhanlvexingshouduan。”baogaozhubianzhangjiangchanyejingjiyanjiuyuantepinyanjiuyuan、beijingshifandaxuejingjiyugongshangguanlixueyuanjiaoshou、guojiajinkouyanjiuzhongxinzhurenweihaocheng。

tabiaoshi，yifangmian，kuodajinkoushizhongguoxiangjingjiqiangguomaijinguochengzhongdebiran，lingyifangmian，jinkouduijingjifazhandezuoyongshiqitayinsubuketidaide。

jiezhi2022nian10yue，woguoyishelile14gejinkoumaoyicujinchuangxinshifanqu，baokuoshanghaiwaigaoqiaobaoshuiqu、tianjinshidongjiangbaoshuigangqu、jiangsushengsuzhougongyeyuanqu、zhejiangshengningbobaoshuiqu，dengdeng。

baogaocheng，shelijinkoushifanqushizhongguojijikuodajinkoudeyixiangzhongdajucuo，duikuodazhongguojinkouguimo、tuidonggaoshuipingduiwaikaifangjuyouzhongyaoyiyi。yifangmian，jinkoushifanqujianlilejinkoupingtai，chuangxinlejinkoumoshi，tigaolejinkoubianlihuashuiping，jiangdilejinkoudezhiduxingchengben，congerjidadijifalejinkouqianli。lingyifangmian，jinkoushifanqujiakuaibingkuodalexianjinjishushebeiheyuancailiaodejinkou，cujinlejinkouyuguoneichanyedeshenduronghe、gaoxiaoliandong，genghaodifuwuleshitijingjidefazhanxuyao，weijiakuaifazhanxiandaichanyetixi、tuidongzhongguochanyexianggaoduanzhinenglingyumaijintigonglebiyaozhicheng。

congjinkoumudedilaikan，zhongguojinkoumudedijiegouyezaichixuyouhua，zhongxibudiquzhanbibuduantigao。suiranmuqianzhongguojinkoumaoyirengyidongbudiquweizhu，danshi，zuijinshinianzhongxibudiquzaizhongguojinkoumaoyizhongdediweichuxianlexianzhushangsheng。zhongbudiqujinkouzhanbicong2012niande6.19%shangshengdaole7.69%，xibudiqujinkouzhanbicong2012niande6.39%shangshengdaole9.76%，zhongxibudiqujinkouzhanbigongjishangshengle4.87gebaifendian。2021nian，guangxijinkouequanguopaimingdishi，shiweiyijinruquanguoqianshidefeidongbudiqushengfen。

congjinkouzhutilaikan，zhongguojinkoumaoyidezhutiyou“waishangtouziqiyeweizhu”zhuanbianwei“waishangtouziqiyeheminyingqiyebingzhong”。2013nian，waishangtouziqiyejinkouzhanbiyaoyaolingxian，minyingqiyejinkouzhanbibuzuwaishangtouziqiyedeyiban，daole2021nian，minyingqiyedezhanbidafudutigao，waishangtouziqiyedejinkouzhanbijinbiminyingqiyegaochu1.44gebaifendian，liangleiqiyetongweizhongguojinkoumaoyifazhandezhongyaoliliang。

congjinkoufangshilaikan，yibanmaoyizaizhongguojinkoumaoyizhongdezhudaodiweidedaolejinyibugonggu。2012nian，butongmaoyifangshixiadejinkouzhanbishiyibanmaoyi56.21%、jiagongmaoyi26.47%、qitamaoyi17.32%。2021nian，butongmaoyifangshixiadejinkouzhanbishiyibanmaoyi62.40%、jiagongmaoyi18.21%、qitamaoyi19.40%。zai2012-2021nianqijian，yibanmaoyijinkouzhanbishangshengle6.19gebaifendian，chixubaochidiyidajinkoumaoyifangshidediwei，erjiagongmaoyijinkouzhanbixiajiangle8.26gebaifendian。

congjinkouguolaiyuankan，zhongguozizhoubianguojiadejinkouguimodafuzengjia。2021nian，zhongguozizhoubianguojiadejinkouzongewei13292.86yimeiyuan，bi2020nianzengzhang31.51%。zhoubianguojiabaokuodilijierangdeguojiahedilixianglindeguojia。

tongshi，zhoubianguojiazaizhongguojinkoulaiyuandizhongzhanjuzhongyaodiwei。zai2019-2021nianqijian，zhongguozizhoubianguojiajinkouzhanzhongguozishijiejinkouzongedebiliwenjuzai50%zuoyou，2019nian，zhongguozizhoubianguojiajinkouzhanzhongguozishijiejinkouzongedebiliwei49.81%，2020nianwei49.17%，2021nianwei49.52%。

《baogao》haizhichu，jinnianlai，zhongguojinkouyicundujibenweichizaibijiaowendingdeshuiping。2001nianzhi2005nian，zhongguojinkouyicunduxiangduijiaogao，shizhongbaochizai18%yishang，bingyu2005niandadaofengzhi29%。2005nianhou，zhongguojinkouyicundukaishizoudi。2015nian，zhongguojinkouyicundujiangzhi15.1%，zaizhihoudeliunianzhong，zhongguojinkouyicundujibenweichiwending，zai15%zuoyoubodong。2021nian，zhongguojinkouyicunduyixiajiangzhi15.2%。

congguoneishengfenbijiaolaikan，2021nian，jinkouyicunduzuigaodewugechengshifenbieshibeijingshi（60.3%）、shanghaishi（57.5%）、tianjinshi（29.8%）、guangdongsheng（25.8%）、hainansheng（17.7%）。

yu2012nianxiangbi，2021nianjinkouyicundushangshengdeshengfenyou：shanxisheng（shi2012niande2.68bei）、guangxizhuangzuzizhiqu（1.54bei）、anhuisheng（1.52bei）、xizangzizhiqu（1.39bei）、hunansheng（1.38bei）、sichuansheng（1.29bei）、zhongqingshi（1.27bei）、henansheng（1.12bei）、jiangxisheng（1.08bei）、hubeisheng（1.06bei）、hebeisheng（1.03bei）。

congchengshilaikan，2021nian，jinkouyicundujiaogaodechengshiyou：fangchenggangshi（98.98%）、zhoushanshi（92.80%）、chongzuoshi（76.64%）、shamenshi（64.96%）、tonglingshi（53.86%）、shenzhenshi（52.73%）、dongguanshi（52.39%）、suzhoushi（46.04%）、jinchangshi（42.86%）、dongyingshi（42.33%）。