界面新闻记者 | 程大发 张倩楠 赵孟 彭惠

界面新闻编辑 | 翟瑞民

zhongguofangyi“xinshitiao”shishiman1geyuehou，cong2023nian1yue8riqi， “xinxingguanzhuangbingdufeiyan”zhengshigengmingwei“xinxingguanzhuangbingduganran”。yucitongshi，zhongguoduiyiqingdeguankongshouduanjiangcong“yileijiaguan”biangengwei“yileiyiguan”，yebuzaiduirujingrenyuanhehuowudengcaiqujianyichuanranbingguanlicuoshi。

congfalvyiyishang“jiangji”guanli，yiweizhefangkongcengmianzuochuleshizhixingdiaozheng。yixiedifangdefangyisheshizhengzaichaichu，gedajichangdeguojihangbanzhengzaizengjia，renmendeshengchanshenghuozhengzaihuifuzhengchang。

raner，yiqingchuanbobingmeiyoujieshu，suiranyigeyuelai，gedachengshideganrangaofengzhengzaiguoqu，dankaifangruchurujing、quxiaoguoneirenyuanliudongxianzhicuoshihou，weilaiyiduanshiqidefangyiyalirengranbukeqingshi。

cong“dongtaiqingling”dao“baojiankang、fangzhongzheng”，fangyimubiaodebianhua，nantiyezaibianhua。

“打开国门”

“jintianduiruilirenshidarizi，quanruiliderenyinggaidouhuilaikankan。”

2023nian1yue8rizaoshang，zaiyunnanruilijiegaokouanxixirangrangderenqunzhong，chuzuchesijichuanxingmingaosujiemianxinwen，jintiantateyijieleyidancongruilidaojiegaokouandeche，“zhuyaoshixianglaikankankaimendeqingkuang。”

8shizheng，jiegaoguomenguangchangshangyimianzhanxindewuxinghongqibansuizheguogeranranshengqi，“kaiguan！”zaijieshoudaoruilichurujingbianfangjianchazhanzhanzhangxiadadekaiguanzhilinghou，ruilikouangechurujingtongdaotongshidakai。zici，ruilikouanxuanbuquanmianhuifutongguan。

ruilikouanshiguojiayijikouan，shizhongguoduimiandianmaoyizuidadeludikouan，youguomentongdao、zhongmianjietongdaohehuochangtongdaosantiaobutonggongnengdetongdaozucheng，fenbiechengdanzherenyuan（hangongwuhechihuzhaorenyuan）、motuochehexiaoxingcheliang、huochejidaxingcheliangdechurujingjiancharenwu，dangdijuminchengzhiwei“daguomen”“xiaoguomen”he“huocheguomen”。

1yue8ri，weilemudukouanzhongxinkaifangdeshike，jiegaoguomenqianweilonglexuduoruilishimin，yixiejiatingzhuanmenganlaipaizhaoliunian，haiyouyixierenzuoqilezhibo。jiegaoguangchangshangfanmaitechandexiaoshangfanyeqiaoranchuxian，sansanliangliangderenmenjujizaiyiqiliaotian，zhanzaiguomenchuzuijinderenhaishibushihuiwushuangshou，xiangduimiandemiandianjumindazhaohu。

chuanxingminjieshao，zijiyiqianshizuobianmaode，jihumeizhoudouhuiwanglaimiandian，“kouanmeitianyouwuliuwanrenjinchu。”ruiliyumiandianzhangqilaiwangmiqie，“yiqianruiliyouhenduomiandianren，zheijinianyinweiyiqingjibendoubeisonghuiqule。”sishiduosuideqinyezhanzairenqunzhong，tashimiandianren，danzhongwenshuodehenhao。tachengzijijialaizhongguoyijingshiduonian，siwunianmeiyouhuijia，jintiantingshuoguomenhuikai，teyiganguolaijianzhengyixia。

zaishoudoubeijing，1yue8rilingchenkaishi，shoudoujichangrenliuliangmingxianzengduo，t3hangzhanlouguoneidaodadelianggechukouyouhenduorenjieji，danguojidaodachukouchuzeshaoxianxiaosuo。juhangbanshujufuwuruanjian“feichangzhun”xiaoxi，1yue8ri，shoudoujichangt3hangzhanlouguojihangbanjihuazhifeishuliangwei22jia，qizhongjihuadaoda8geguojihangban。

10shi36fen，congzhongguoxianggangfeilaideguotaihangkongcx334haohangbanluodishoudoujichang，chengweishoudoujichangyinglaideshoujiashixing“yileiyiguan”houluodideguojijidiquhangban。11dian40fenzuoyou，congdeguofalankefuhebolanhuashafeilaidehangbanyeluxudaodashoudoujichang。cishi，t3hangzhanlouguojidaodadechukouchuzaoyijimanlejiejiderenqun，baokuoyoubeierlaidegeguomeiti。

duiyuxuduochurujingrenyuaneryan，zheiyitiantamendenglejin3nian。anzhao《guanyuyinfaduixinxingguanzhuangbingduganranshishi“yileiyiguan”zongtifangandetongzhi》yaoqiu，laihuarenyuanzaixingqian48xiaoshixuyaojinxinghesuanjiance，jieguoyinxingzhekelaihua，ruchengyangxing，xiangguanrenyuanyingzaizhuanyinhouzailaihua。jinguanruci，xianzaideguanlicuoshixiangbiyiqian，yijingshijidajianhua，yefangbianlerenmenchuruguojing。

zhongguociqianyixuanbuquxiao“wugeyi”jikezuolvxianzhidengguojikeyunhangbanshuliangguankongcuoshi，jinyibuyouhuafugongfuchan、shangwu、liuxue、tanqin、tuanjudengwaijirenshilaihuaanpai。tongshi，genjuguojiyiqingxingshihegefangmianfuwubaozhangnengli，youxuhuifuzhongguogongminchujinglvyou。

woguoyouhuazhongwairenyuanwanglaiguanlizhengce，duiyiqingxingshihuiyouheyingxiang？huazhongkejidaxuegonggongweishengxueyuanjiaoshouweishengduijiemianxinwenjieshao，kaifangguojinghou，suizherenyuanzhijianjiaoliuwanglaizengduo，xinguanbingdubianyizhuhuizaishijiefanweijinyibukuosan，butongdiqudebianyizhuyehuihuxiangchuanbo。

bingduxuejiachangrongshanjieshao，guojingzhongkaiyihou，jingwaishuruyiqingjiangnanyibimian。zuiweizhijiedeyingxiangjiushi，haiwaizuixinyidaideliuxingduzhuhuibuduanshuruwoguo，tebieshineixiechuanboliqiang，mianyitaoyiqiangdebianyizhu，biru，ch.1.1、bq.1.1、bq.1.1.10（bq.1.18）hexbbdouyoukenengzaiyigeyueneishenru。zheixiebianyizhubixianzaizaihuadezhuliubianyizhuba 5.2，bf.7youzhegengqiangderentishiyingxing，jianghuihenkuaiqudaitamen。

weishengbiaoshi，yiqingbaofaqujueyulianggeyinsu，yigeshibingdubianyizhudechuanranliruhe，mianyitaoyinengliruhe；lingyigequjueyuxianyourenqunmianyipingzhangshuipingdegaodi，woguorenqundemianyishuipingheguowaidemianyishuipingjuyoujiaodachabie，guowairenqunbujinyouyimiaojiaqiangmianyi，haijinglileduolunxinguanbingdudeziranganran，rengongmianyiheziranmianyishuangguanqixia，zhenggerenqunmianyipingzhangshuipingjiaogao。

changrongshanjieshao，youyuzaiguoqu3zhouzuoyoudeshijianneiwoguoyoudaliangganrangeti，zheixiegetiyijingchanshenglezhonghekangti，yincituiduan，buhuixingchengxinyilundeganrangaofeng。“xuyaojingjuedeshi，neixiezai2022nian11yue25rizhi2022nian12yue30riweibeiganrandegeti，zai2023nian1yue8rizhihou，jiangkenengbeixindemuqianweizhanzhuliudebianyizhuganran。jinguanruci，zheixieweilaidebeiganranzhedezhengzhuangbingbubiranbidiyibogaofengzhongbeiganrandegetigengweiyanzhong。”changrongshanbiaoshi。

各地快速过峰

2022nian12yue7ri，guowuyuanlianfangliankongjizhizonghezufabule《guanyujinyibuyouhualuoshixinguanfeiyanyiqingfangkongcuoshidetongzhi》（xinshitiao），zhenduiyiqingfangkongtichuleyixiliediaozhengcuoshi，baokuobudecaiqugezhongxingshidelinshifengkong，buzaiduikuadiquliudongrenyuanchayanhesuanjianceyinxingzhengminghejiankangmadengyaoqiu。tongshi，guojiajuedingwuzhengzhuangheqingzhenghuanzhecaiqujujiagelifangshizhiliao，buanxingzhengquyukaizhanquanyuanhesuanjiance。

youci，woguoyiqingfangkongjinruquanxinjumian，fangkonggongzuozhongxincong“fangganran”zhuanxiang“baojiankang、fangzhongzheng”。

yigeyuelai，quanguogediyinglaiganrangaofeng，youqishizairenqungengjizhongdedachengshi，bingdukuaisukuosan，duoshujiatingdoufaxianyangxingganranzhe。guojiaweijianweiyizhengsisizhangjiaoyahui1yue6rizaizhonglianbu“zhongguofangyizhengcezhuantichuifenghui”shangjieshao，muqianzhongguogedideyiqingzongtichuyukuaisushangshengjieduan，shouqianqiyiqingshuipingdenggezhongyinsudeyingxiang，gediyinglaiyiqingliuxinggaofengdeshijianhuiyousuochabie。

jinqi，weijiancedangdixinguanyiqinghefenxiyanpan，duodiluxufaqilexinguanganranqingkuangdiaocha。2022nian12yue26ri，sichuanshengjikongzhongxinfabudewenjuandiaocha（dierci）jieguozexianshi，quanshengyangxingjianchudegaofengqijizhongzai2022nian12yue12rizhi23ri，muqianrixinzengganranyichuyuhuiluojieduan。sichuanshengjibingyufangkongzhizhongxindangweishuji、yanjiuyuantangxuefengsuihoubiaoshi，genjudiaochajieguozongheyanpan，sichuanshengjumindezhengtiganranfabingyichaoguobacheng，quanshengganranfabingdegaofengyinggaiyijingguoqu。

12yue30ri，hainanshengxinguanyiqingfangkongxinwenfabuhuitongbao，hainanshengmeirixinzengxinguanganranrenshuchuyugaoweibodongqi，quanshengyujiganranlvyida50%，sanyashi、haikoushizhengtishangyiguoganrangaofeng。1yue6rixiawu，beijingshizhengfuxinwenfayanrenxuhejianzaixinwenfabuhuishangbiaoshi，dangqianbeijingyiqingtaishiyijingquhuan，yongyaojinqueyijinghuanjie，danmenjizhen、zhongzhenghuanzhejiuzhidengfangmiangongzuorenwuyiranjianju，rongbudesihaosongjingxiedai。

2022nian12yue31ri，shanghaijiaotongdaxueyixueyuanfushuruijinyiyuanchensaijuantuanduizai《chubufenxiwoguo2022nianqiudongxinguanyiqingzhongaomikerongyaxingduoyangxingyuliuxingbingxuetezheng》yiwenzhong，duijinqiwoguoyiqingchuanboqushijinxinglefenxiyuce。gailunwenchubupanduan，cilunaomikerongyiqingganranrenshuyu2023nianyuandanqianhouzaibeijing、guangzhou、shanghai、zhongqingdengchengshijiejinweisheng。

1yue8ri，juyangshixinwenkehuduanbaodao，jiaoyahuizaijieshoucaifangshibiaoshi，“cong2022nian12yueqi，quanguofaremenzhenjiuzhenliangjinrukuaisushangshengjieduan。dao12yuexiaxunhe2023nianyuandanshi，jizhenliangjinrugaofengqi，jizhengaofengyiweizhezhongzhengjiuzhidegaofengyetongbudaolai。”buguo，congxianzaiquanguodeqingkuanglaikan，quanguozhuyaochengshi，yejiushishuozhixiashi、shenghuichengshi，baokuoyixiejihuadanlieshi，zhengzaiduguohuoyijingduguoganrangaofeng。muqian，congzheixiedachengshideqingkuanglaikan，jizhenhezhongzhenggaofeng，youqishijizhenyechuxianlehuiluojixiang，danzhongzhengjiuzhirengchuzaigaoweipingtaiqi。

jujieshao，jiezhi2022nian12yue25ri，quanguoerjiyishangyiyuanzhongzhengchuangweishiyonglvyuewei54%，ermuqian，quanguoerjiyishangyiyuanzhongzhengchuangweideshiyonglvdadaoleyue80%。chengshihenongcuntongshichuxianganranlvzengzhangdejumian，woguodexinguanbingduganranyiliaojiuzhirenwumianlinqiansuoweiyoudetiaozhan。

changrongshanduijiemianxinwenjieshao，woguoxinguanfangkongcuoshidiaozhenghou，gedichuxiangaoganranlvdeyuanyinshiyinweirenqunmianyipingzhangguodi。suoweimianyipingzhangjiushikangtiyangxingbaohulv，yifangmianyujiezhongyimiaoyouguan，lingyifangmianyushifouganranguoyouguan。erziranmianyijiashangyimiaoderengongmianyijiuxingchenglehunhemianyi，hunhemianyidemianyipingzhangyaogaoyudanchunganranbingduhuojiezhongyimiaosuochanshengdemianyili。

weishengbiaoshi，aomikerongbianyizhuzhijiandezhibingxingmuqiankanlaibingmeiyoumingxianbianhua。dangetimianyishuipingsuizheshijianyanzhanghuizhujianjiangdi。muqiandeyanjiufaxian，ziranmianyiherengongmianyisuochanshengdexinguanbingdukangti，zailiugeyuejiuhuishuaituidaoyigebijiaodideshuiping，zheishihouruguoyouxindebianyizhu，jiuhuidailaiganrangaofeng。congguowaidequshikanlai，aomikerongdailaideganrangaofengyibobiyibodi，yinweiziranganranhou，duiqihoudebianyizhuhuiyouyidingdejiaochamianyibaohuzuoyong。ruguoliangzhongbianyizhuzaijinhuashushangxiangduijiaojin，jiaochamianyibaohuzuoyongjiujiaoqiang，fanzhijiujiaoruo。biruganranba.5.2hou，duiyubf.7dedikangzuoyongjiujiaoqiang，danduiyubianyigengduodexbbdejiaochabaohuzuoyongjiujiaoruo。

2023nian1yue8ri，zhongguojikongzhongxinbingdubingyufangkongzhisuoyanjiuyuanchencaozaiguowuyuanlianfangliankongjizhixinwenfabuhuishangjieshao，qishi，woguorenqunduiaomikerongwulunshiba.5.2haishibf.7，haishixbbxiliedebianyizhu，pubiandoushiyigande。danshi，jinqidabufenrenganranleba.5.2hebf.7yihou，zaiduanqineihuichanshengkangti，duixbbxiliebianyizhuyouyidingdebaohuzuoyong，gebierenkenengbaohuzuoyonghuichixu6geyuezuoyou。suoyi，xianjieduanxbbbuhuizaochengwoguobentudaguimoliuxing。

zaicibeijingxia，jiezhongxinguanyimiaoshibaohuzhongdianrenqun，yufangganran、zhongzheng、siwangdezhongyaocuoshi。changrongshanjieshao，meiguojikongzhongxinyanjiufaxian，beixinguanganranguodehuanzhe，ruguobujiezhongyimiao，tamenbeizaiciganrandejilvbiganranhoujiezhongyimiaoderenmingxianzenggao。

农村成重中之重

suizheguoneixuduochengshiyizhujianduguoganrangaofeng，youjin5yirenkouguimodezhongguonongcun，yiqingxingshirengshikeqiandongrenxin。chensaijuantuanduiyuce，chunyunhuijiangganranlangchaojiasu15-30tian；yujizhongxibushengfendeganranlangchaoganggangkaishi；yujisichuan、shanxi、gansu、qinghaidengshengdenongcunhezhongxiaochengzhendiqu，ganranfengzhijiangyu2023nian1yuezhongxiaxunchuxian。

jiaoyahuiriqianpanduan，suizhequanguoyiqingfangkongjinruxinjieduan，jiashangchunyunhechunjiejiaqirenyuanliudongdengyinsudeyingxiang，huiyoubufendifangyinglaiyiqingkuaisushangsheng、chengshihenongcuntongshichuxianganranlvzengzhangdejumian，yiliaojiuzhirenwurengranmianlintiaozhan。“chunyunzhiqian，zhongxiaochengshihenongcundiqu，yeyijingyinglaiganrangaofeng。congzheigequshilaikan，chunyunqijian，zheixiezhongxiaochengshihenongcundiquyoukenenghuiyinglaijizhenhezhongzhengfabinggaofeng。”jiaoyahuizaiyangshibaodaozhongbiaoshi。

jiemianxinwenjinrishiditanfangweiyusichuanshengdongbeibudedazhoushiguanzizhen，faxianzheiliyijingduguodaoleganrangaofeng，zanshibingmeiyouyinglaiyuqidedierboganran，danzheigedongtianqushidelaorenbiguoquyaoduoyichengzuoyou。

youxiangzhenweishengyuanyishengfenxi，yifangmianshiyouyuwaichuwugongdeduoshushinianqingren，zheixierenzaihuixiangzhiqiankenengyijing“yangguole”，huijiahouerciganrandegailvjiaodi；ciwai，jingguoshangyilundepubianganran，xuduorenjubeileyidingdeyixuechangshi，ganranhouzhidaozixingmaiyaohejujiazhiliao，zhudongjianshaolaiyiyuanjiuzhen。jianyuci，gaiyuanyishengyujikenengbuhuichuxianciqianyupande“dierbo”，dannongcundiqudelaorenyinggaibeizhongdianguanzhao。

jinyigeyueyilai，zaiguangdanongcundiqu，guoqugoujiandexian、xiang（zhen）、cunsanjiyufangbaojianwangluozhengzaijingshoukaoyan。erzuoweijulinongcunjuminzuijindeyiliaojigou，cunjiweishengshihexiangzhenweishengyuanzai“fangzhongzheng”fangmianquexiandelibucongxin，duizhongzhenghuanzhewangwangnanyizhankaijishijiuzhi。

weiyouxiaozuohaonongcundiqufangyigongzuo，2022nian12yue30ri，guowuyuanlianfangliankongjizhi、zhongyangnongcungongzuolingdaoxiaozuyinfa《jiaqiangdangqiannongcundiquxinxingguanzhuangbingduganranyiqingfangkonggongzuofangan》，yaoqiuweirao“baojiankang、fangzhongzheng”，zhongdianzhuahaonongcundiqufangyitixiyunzhuan、yaopingongying、zhongzhengzhiliao、laorenertongfanghudengfangmiangongzuo，zuidachengdubaohunongcunjuminshengminganquanheshentijiankang。

nongyenongcunbunongcunhezuojingjizhidaosifusizhang、yijixunshiyuanmaodezhizhichu，gaigongzuofanganmingqueyaoqiu，“wujishuji”yaoxiangzhuatuopingongjianyiyangzhuanongcundiqudeyiqingfangkong。yaojianlibaobaozhidu，shengtongchou、shidiaodu、xianxiangcunzhualuoshi，cengcengyashizeren。ciwai，shangshugongzuofanganduijianlixiangyinggongzuojizhiyetichuleyaoqiu，youzhongyangnongban、nongyenongcunbudeng10gebumen，chenglilenongcundiquyiqingfangkonggongzuozhuanban。gongzuozhuanbanzaiguowuyuanlianfangliankongjizhixiakaizhangongzuo，zhongdianshifahuizerenluoshi、zhengcexietong、jicengdongyuandengfangmiandezuoyong。muqian，gejiyezaijianlijianquanxiangyingdegongzuojizhi。

2023nian1yue3ri，guowuyuanlianfangliankongjizhizonghezuyinfale《guanyuzuohaoxinguanzhongdianrenqundongtaifuwuhe“guankouqianyi”gongzuodetongzhi》，yaoqiuduizhongdianrenqunyao“zaofaxian、zaoshibie、zaoganyu、zaozhuanzhen”，yufanghejianshaoxinguanzhongzhengfasheng，bingtichule12tiaogongzuoneirong，tebieqiangdiaoyaojinyibuzhulaozhimijicengde“baojianwang”，jiaqiangzhongdianrenqundongtaiguanlihejicengfaremenzhendejianshe，quebaojicengyiliaoweishengjigourenyuan、yaopin、shebeipeibeidaowei，biyaodeyaopinqixieyaozhidacunweishengshi、xiangzhenweishengyuanyijishequweishengfuwuzhongxin。

zhendui“sizao”ruheluoshi，1yue7ri，guojiaweijianweijicengweishengjiankangsisizhangniechunleizaiguowuyuanlianfangliankongjizhixinwenfabuhuishangzhichu，“zaofaxian”zhuyaoshidui65suiyishangdelaonianren、yunchanfu、ertong、canjirendengzhongdianrenqunjinxingyiduiyibaobaolianxi，meizhoulianxifuwubushaoyu2ci，jishifaxianwenti，jishichuzhi。“zaoshibie”jiushiyaojiaqiangduizheixiezhongdianrenqundejiankangjiance，duikenengchuxiandeyixieqingkuang，biruyouxiejichubingdebingfazheng、xinguanzhongzhengfengxiandemiaotouheqingxiangxingzhengzhuangchuxianyihou，yaojishishibie，jishijiyuzhidaohezhuanzhen。“zaoganyu”，jiushizaijicengyaopeibeibiyaodeyangliaoshebei，ruyangqidai、yangqiping、zhiyangji，haiyaopeibeibianxieshidezhijia、maiboshixueyangyijiancexueyang，faxianyichangqingkuang，xunsujiyuxiyanghexiangyingdeyaowuzhiliao，tongshijieheshijijishizhuanzhen。“zaozhuanzhen”jiushifaxianlexuyaozhuanzhende，yaojishizhuandaoshangjiyiyuanjieshouzhiliao。

niechunleijieshao，jinqi，guowuyuanlianfangliankongjizhizonghezuxiangquanguogedipaichule15gezhidaozu，ducuzhidaozuohaozhunbeigongzuo。zaiciguochengzhongfaxianleyixienongcunyiqingfangkongbijiaohaodejingyanzuofa，youdeqianghuafenjizhenliao，youdetishengjicengfuwunengli，youdejiaqiangzhongdianrenqunmodihefuwubaozhang。duiyuzheixiehaojingyan、haozuofa，guojiaweijianweijiangjinyibutuiguang。