文｜动脉网

2022nian，fdayianquanxingweiyoujujuelemasikenaojijiekougongsineuralinkdelinchuangshiyanshenqing。danzhizhilutoushejinribaochuxiaoxi，neuralinksihaomeiyoutouluqirentilinchuangshiyanzaoyudeshili。

zheiyishiliyuguowangshunianneuralinkdegaogemengjinxingchengxianmingduibi。neuralinkcengzai2019nianjiang“fengrenji”xinpianzhirulaoshudanao，yidianjiciji“zhihui”laoshuzouchumigong；2020niandeshiyanduixiangbianchenglexiaozhu，neuralinktongguobuzhuonaojijiekou（bci）chanshengdedianliu，chenggongyucelexiaozhudeyundongguiji。

zuixinyiciguanyubcidegongkaixuanchuanlaizi2022nian12yue。zaiyichangzhaopinhuodongzhong，masikejigaoguanfenxiangleyiduanhouzitongguoyiniankongzhishubiaohejianpandazideshipin，keyikandaoyizhizhirubcidehouzizhengshiyongyiniankongzhishubiaoguangbiao。youxiaoxicheng，zhanshitaishangpiaoguode“welcome to show and tell”ziyang，qishijiushihouzidachulaide。

kunjingyutupojiaozhichengdemiwurangrenkunhuo，zuoweixingyezuiqianyandeqiyezhiyi，neuralinkdangxiamianlindejiujingshizenyangyizhongjingyu？

伦理和安全，侵入式BCI无法绕开的挑战

xiangjiaoyujuedaduoshushenpingshenpijigou，fdaduiyuqianyankejiyiliaowangwanggengweikaifang，2021nianhaicengduiqinrushibciyiliaoqixiezaishenqinglinchuangyanjiuxingqixiehuomian（investigational device exemption，ide）huozhuceshangshideyutijiaojieduantichulekejiejiandeyibanxingjianyi。

duiyuneuralinklinchuangshiyanshenqingbeijujue，duoweiyeneirenshibiaoshizheizaiyiliaozhizhong。

suiranneuralinkdefangandailailegengjiabianxiedegaotongliangcaijifangan，danshizaishejishangrengranyoujiaoduoqianzaidefengxiandian。

erbencijunimingbaoliaocheng，fdajujuelinchuangshiyanbeihouzuiguanxindeliangdawentiyishineuralinkdedianyuanwenti，weileshixiangaotongliangdexinhaocaiji，neuralinkcaiyonglidianchiweizhirutigongdian，danzailuguzhongzhirudianchihuidailaianquanxingdefengxian。

ershixiweidedianjizainaozuzhimaizhihouhuibuhuichanshengyiweiwenti。youyuneuralinkshiyonglerouxingdianji，qirouxingdianjiquefazhichengli，suoyikenenghuiyouyiweidewenti。

qinrushibcideanquanxingyizhishigegeqiyenanyimaiguodekan。“naobuqinrushiyanjiuzailinchuangshangyaoqiushizuigaode，danaohuanjinghuifashenggezhonggeyangdeqingkuang，henduoqingkuangdouhuizhiming。”niunuokeji ceodaishenyijieshidao，“youqishizheiyangyikuanchuangxinjishu，meiyourencengcanyuxiangguanshiyan，yewufayugushiyandeqianzaiweixian。yinci，neuralinktongguodongwushiyanwanchengshujushoujijibuliangfanyingbaogaokenengmeiyoutigongzugouchongfendezhengju，fdayinernanyipinggushiyandeanquanxing。”

jiangdianchizheiyangdebaohanzhuduoweixianhuaxuewuzhideshebeizhiyunaobushizainanyibaozhenganquan。chucizhiwai，dangyishengjiangdianjizhirunaonei，youlidegeshixibaohuimashangduiqizhankaiqingxi，jinerbeinaoxibaosuotunshi。“dangtajinrutunshixibaozhihou，womenjiuzaiyebuzhidaohoumianhuifashengshenmeshiqing。”

zaitanneuralinkguoqumianlindelunliwenti。meiguozerenyishixiehui（pcrm）cengjiangneuralinkqisuzhimeiguonongyebu（usda）。pcrmguanwangtidao，tamenzaiqitijiaodezhikongwenjianzhongzhichu，2017nianyilai，neuralinkdenaojijiekoudongwushiyanzhongduilaoshu、yang、zhu、houjinxingleqinruxing、tongchangzhimingdedanaoshiyan。

yihouweishiyanhouli，suiranneuralinkdefangandailailegengjiabianxiedegaotongliangcaijifangan，danshizaishejishangrengranyoujiaoduofengxian，zuizhongdaozhishiyanhouzaishiyanzhongganran。pcrmbiaoshi：uc daviszaineuralinkdedanaoxinpianzhirushiyanzhongshiyongle23zhihouzi，jinyou7zhicunhuo，qiyu15zhibeiposhishileanlesi。

lunlifangmian，gongzuorenyuancengzaishiyanguochengzhongyichulehouziyibufentougu，jiangdianjizhirudaodanaozhong；duihouzishiyongleweijingpizhunyongyugaishiyanqieduishenjingzuzhijuyouduxingdeyaowu、gongzuorenyuanweinengweichuisidehouzitigongzugouhuli、danaoxinpianzhiruhouhouzifazuodianxian、zhirubuweifanfuganrandeng，zheixiexingweiweifan《dongwufulifa》zhongde9tiaoguiding。

jinguanneuralinkzaihuiyingzhongfourenle“nvedai”zheiyizhikong，danyechengrenlepcrmtidaodeanlesi。neime，ruguodongwushiyanshangbuwanbei，anquanyulunli，rengshineuralinkjinxingrentishiyanqianwufaraokaidewenti。

更安全还是更激进的临床试验？

suiranneuralinkdelinchuangshiyanshenqingyinweifengxianbeiju，danquanqiufanweineinaojijiekoulingyuyeyoujiangjishutuixianglinchuangdelizi，yiyouqiyepingjieanquanxingdeyoushi，wanchengxiaoguimoderentishiyan，bingqudeleyouyichengguo。

yamaxunchuangshirenbeisuosi（jeff bezos）heweiruanchuangshirenbier·gaici（bill gates）zhongyazhudesynchronbianshineijiazouzaiqianmiandeqiye；shengdawangluochuangshirenchentianqiaozhongyanaokexue，tongyangshuodeshisynchron。

jinnian1yuefabiaozaiyixuezazhi 《jama neurology》deyixiangzhendui4mingzhongzhenghuanzhedelinchuangyanjiudetongxingpingshendezhangqianquanxingjieguoxianshi：zaizhirusynchron diyidaishenjingjiatizhuangzhistentrodeyudanaoxueguan12geyuehou，4weihuanzhemeiyouchuxianxueguanzusai，yemeiyouchuxianyugaizhuangzhixiangguandebuliangshijian。2021nian12yue，qizhongyiminghuanzheyongyishichenggongfabuleyitiaotuiwen，chengweishijieshangshougeshiyongyishizhijiefabushejiaoxiaoxideren。

xiangjiaoyuneuralink，synchroncaiyongleyizhongqiaomiaodefangshi，jiezhuxueguanjierudefangfa，jiangshenjingjiatizhuangzhiyoujingjingmaiweichuangzhiru，lijinglianggexiaoshididaluneimubiaoweizhi。xiangjiaoyuchuantongdeqinrushibci，synchronjiezhuxueguantongdaobimianleyanzhengfanying，yewuxuzaihuanzhetouguzhishang“dadong”。

buguo，baozhenglezhiruwudeanquan，synchronyehuiduiyingshiquyixiexinxi。neuralinkdedianjiyongyouchaoguo90geshujucaijidian，erstentrodezhiyou16ge。yinci，zaishujucaijinenglishang，stentroderengxujinyibuwanshan。

congfdadetaidukeyikanchu，zuoweijianguanjigoufdagengjieshouchengshuanquandelinchuangshiyanfangan，erfeijijindejishuchuangxin。

Neuralink的教训，谁来汲取？

huidaoneuralink。weishenmeneuralinkhuizaihouqichanshengzhongduowenti，haixuyaohuidaoneuralinkchanpinshejidebenzhishanglaikan。duoweiyeneirenshibiaoshi，zaidianchiheyiweiliangdawentiwai，neuralinkdexitongxiangyaoshenqinglinchuangshiyanshibaizuihexindeyuanyin，hexinyuanyinshishejiquefaduiyujianguan、linchuangyingyongdekaoliang。

zheiyiwentizaineuralinkciqiandebaodaozhongjiucengbeibaolu，yiweiqianguyuancengbiaoshi，neuralink zai “kejigongsiheyiliaoshebeigongsi” zhijianqiehuan。shenjingkexuejiahegongchengshizhijiancengfanfuzhengzhi，ermasiketongchangzhanzaigongchengshiyibian。

zaineuralinkzuizaogongbude8weihexinkexuejiazhong，yequefayixuejijianguanfangmiandezhuanjia。

suiranmasikebuzhongshishenjingkexuejiadeyijian，danhaowuyiwenyaojiangnaojijiekoujishubianweizhenzhengyiliaojidechanpin、keluodidefangan，jianguanyulinchuangshiraobukaidemenjian。

naojijiekoujishuzuoweiyixiangxinjishu，chaozhelinchuangluodifangxiangfazhanhejinjinzuoweiyixiangkeyanxinjishufangxiangfazhanzhijiandechajushifeichangdade。erneuralinkzaishejijishuluxianshangxianranxuanzelehouzhe，zaishejishanghulvezhuduoqianzaidefengxiandianhejianguandeyaoqiu。

youneuralinkcaikengdejingyanzaiqian，quanqiuqitaqiyezaixuanzezhirushinaojijiekouluxianshanggengjiajinshen。

jietiyiliaoshicanyubciyanfadedianxingqiye。guoneijietiyiliaotongyangzaikaifanaojijiekouchaorouxingdianji，jietiyiliaoshichangjiyixuezongjiancaibilinbiaoshi：“womenyikaishijiukaolvdaolezhirudianchidailaidefengxian，jiangdianchizhirulugunei，tiejinnaobuhuidailaianquanxing、wendingxingdefengxian，yeyoukenengyingxiangxinhaochuanshu，dianchidefare、mifengxingyexuyaojiejue。tongshizhirudianchiyehuirangzhenggelinchuangshiyanfangangengjiafuza，jianguanbumenduiyuchanpinhuiyougenggaodeyaoqiu，chanpinshengwujiancedejibieyehuigenggao，linchuangshiyanfuzachengdushengji，rangchanpinwenshidezulibianda。”

caibilinbiaoshi，jietiyiliaozaizaoqikaifashijiuchongfenkaolvdaolinchuangduandetongdianhesuqiu，yijijianguanbumendeguanzhudian，zheirangjietiyiliaoshaozouleyixiewanlu，rangjishuchaozhenengluodidefangxiangqukaojin。

yizhirushinaojijiekoudedianyuanweili，jietiyiliaozaitaolunfanganshi，jinxinglefanfudetuiyanfenxi。kaolvdaomuqiandianchidejishuhennandadaoweixingzhirutizhangqimaizhidelinchuangyaoqiu。suoyijietiyiliaozaidiyidaichanpinshangfangqilezhirudianchidefangan，xuanzelewuxiangongdian、dianchiwaizhidefangshi，zhirutineijiaruxianquanlaigongdian，gongdiandianyuanzaiwaibujinxingwuxianchuanshu，tongguozheizhongfangshiguibizhirudianchidailaidefengxian。dengdaoweilaidianchijishugengwendingchengshuhou，zaihuikaolvzaihouxudechanpinzhongjiaru。

ruhejiejuedianjiyiweiwenti。jietiyiliaodejiejuesilushijiangdianjizuodaozugoubohexi，muqianjietiyiliaodianjizhiyouyiweimihou，kuanduzhiyoubuguobaiweimi，dadaolexibaojidechicun，suoyizuzhixiangrongxinghenhao。muqianjietiyiliaodechaorouxingdianjizaixiaoshuhemihoutineijinxinglejinyiniandemaizhi，chixuguanchaxiashangmeiyoufaxianrenheyiwei，bingqiezhangqimaizhideshengwuxiangrongxing、wendingxinghexinhaochuanshudoushibijiaoleguande。dangranruguoweilaizhuceshangshi，haixuyaozhangqidedadongwushiyanherentilinchuangshiyandepinggu。

三大脑机接口路线谁能突围？

chulebikaineuralinkcaiguodekeng，yeyouqiyeshejileqitadezhirushinaojijiekouluxian。

neuralinkdejishuluxianshirouxingdianji+zhirushoushujiqiren，neuralinkcaiyongdeweisicirushidianji，tongguowaikeshoushujiqirenyichuyixiaokuaiyuanxinglugu，zhirunaojijiekoushebei，zheikuannaojijiekoushebeidexinpianyiduandeshangqiangenweixingdianjiyudanaoshenjingyuanlianjie。

weilingyiliaodengchunshanboshigaosudongmaiwangchuneuralinkwai，quanqiunaojijiekoushichanghaiyousandajishuluxiantongyangshoudaoguanzhu。

shouxianshixueguanneizhijiazhirudianjiluxian。yiqianwentidaodesynchronweidaibiao，tongguoxueguanjierushoushuxiangfangzhizhijiayiyangzaixueguanneizhijiashangfangzhidianji。youyuxueguanjieruzhirushoushufangshichengshu，suoyizheiyijishuluxiandeyoudianshianquanxingjiaogao，tongshitacaiyongwuyuandesheji，meiyoudianchizaitinei，linchuangshiyanfanganshejiyejiaoweijiandan。muqiansynchrondechanpinyihuodefdapizhunkaizhanlinchuangshiyan。danshiyouyutazhinengfangzaidaxueguanshang，caijidexinhaotongdaoshufeichangyouxian，xinzaobiyefeichangdi，suoyitaweilaidegongnengketuozhanxingheyingyongrenqunxiangduishouxian。

lingyidajishuluxianshiyingzhicirushidianji，daibiaoxingdeqiyeshiyanfayoutazhenliedianjideblackrock neurotechheparadromics。yingzhidecirushidianjibuhuidailaiyiweidewenti，danshitadechuangshangxinghuibijiaoda，yudanaodeshengwuzuzhixiangrongxinghejixiexingnengpipeibijiaocha。

zhideyitideshiwulunshineuralinkdexisidianjihaishiparadromicsdeyingzhidianji，tamenzaicaijidexinzaobifangmiandoubijiaogao，suoyizhirutineidouxuyaodianyuan，zheidailaigengfuzadejianguanyaoqiu。

disanzhongluxianshiyiprecision neuroscienceheweilingyiliaoweidaibiaodejishupinghengluxian。precision neuroscienceheweilingyiliaojiangbomodianjifugaidaonaopicengbiaomian，bingbuzhirudaonaoshizhilimianqu，zheizhongfangshibimianlemianyifanyingheyiweidewenti。zaixinzaobifangmian，precision neuroscienceyongweinajiagonggongyijiangdianjixinzaobihetongdaomidudoutishengle1-2geshuliangji，danzheizhongdianjizhirufangshitongyangxuyaodianyuan。zaijiejuedianyuananquanxingfangmian，weilingyiliaoxuanzelelinchuangyingyongchengshudedbskechongdiandianyuanfangan，yicilaibaozhengdianyuandeanquankekong。

weilaisandajishuluxiannayizhonghuizhenzhengzouxianglinchuang，womenbudeerzhi。danhaowuyiwen，linchuangjinzhankuaidetuanduiyidingshiyigongjiehedetuandui。

dengchunshanboshibiaoshi：“naojijiekoujishufeichangkaoyantuanduizaixitongcengmianderenzhi，gangkaishidexuanzejiuzhijiejuedinglehouduanhenduojishuluxian，suoyituanduixuyaozaixitongcengmianduijishuyuanliyugongchengshixian、linchuangyingyongyujianguanyaoqiudengyouyigewanzhengderenzhi，duiyutuanduichengyuanhubuxingyaoqiuhengao。womentuanduizaichenglizhichujiuyaoqingleyou20yunianyiliaoqixieshenpijingyandezhuanjiazuoweiguwen，weixitongshejidehegui、jiweilailinchuangshenpibaojiahuhang。”

neuralinkshenqinglinchuangshiyanshouzu，baolulezhirushinaojijiekouxingyemianlindegongtongdetiaozhan，danzanshidecuozhebingbunengzhengweizhirushinaojijiekouluxian。congweilaifazhanlaikan，zhirushinaojijiekourengranbeikanzuoshiyiliaojiyingyongdeshixianlujing。

lingyifangmian，neuralinkjixingyedeqishizaiyujinjinshigongchengshichuangxinwangwangrongyituoliyansuyiliaojinshendeguifan。zhirushinaojijiekouzuoweiyixiangxinjishu，zaixianglinchuangtuijindeguochengzhong，xuyaotuanduideduiyixue、linchuang、jianguan、gongchengjishuxitongcengmianyouzhewanzhengderenzhihefengfudejingyan，cainengjiangnaojijiekoujishuzhenzhengcongshiyanshiluodidaolinchuang。