riqian，beijingshijiaoyuweiyuanhuifabude《2022-2023xueniandubeijingjiaoyushiyefazhantongjigaikuang》xianshi，jinnianbeijinggaoxiaoyujiquanrizhibiyeshengshuliangyue29.6wanren，qizhongyanjiusheng16wanyuren，duochubenkesheng3wanren。beijingyanjiusheng（shuoshiheboshi）debiyerenshushoucichaoguobenkesheng。

类似的情况也出现在了其他地区高校。数据显示， 南京大学2022届毕业生共9563人，本科毕业生仅占33.01%；西安交通大学2022届毕业生中，研究生占比超过一半，达到54.33%。

过去，拥有研究生学历是职场人士获得高薪工作和优质就业平台的有利条件，但随着高学历研究生逐年增多，这一学历领先优势已经微乎其微。pangdademingxiaoyanjiushengquntizhengmianlinzhejingzhenggengjiajiliedejiuyehuanjing。

“颗粒无收”的名校硕士

yizhangmingxiaoshuoshibiyezheng，zuyibangzhuyingjieshengtongguodaduoshuqiyedejianlichushai，“ranhouzhibuyuci”。jijiangcongbeijingyisuo985gaoxiaobiyedewangyiran，yijingtouchuleshangbaifenjianli，rengranzaijiaolvdidengdaiyifengongzuo。

2023zhaopinji，benke、shuoshijunbiyeyuzhiming985gaoxiaojinrongzhuanyedewangyiran，shenganzijizaizhuanyelingyuneidexuexihejileibugouchongzu。jishitayijingyouguojinruzhimingquanshanggongsideshixijingyan，danrengbumanyiyushixiqijianzishennenglidetisheng。

genjujiaoyubushuju，2022nianquanguogongzhaoshouyanjiusheng124.25wanren，bi2021nianzengzhang5.61%；zaixueyanjiushengshuliangdadaole365.36wanren，bishangnianzengzhang9.64%。tongshi，renshebushujuxianshi，jinnianwoguogaoxiaobiyeshengrenshujiangdadao1158wan，zaichuangxingao。zhunianzengzhangdegaoxuelibiyeshengyongrujiuyeshichang，jiajulejingzheng。

zhenggezhaopinji，wangyiranzhongdiantoudiquanshang、yinxingdexiaozhaogangwei，baokuoguoyousidaxing、erjigongmuquanshang、yijishichangsimudeng，dandaduomeiyounadaobishidejihui。tawunaidixiangjiemianxinwengantan，nabudaoofferjiudabulejiuquyinxingzuojuyuan，hebenkeshengjingzheng。

mianduidatiliangyouzhirencaichubei，yongrendanweiyongyouzhegengjiakuanguangdetiaoxuankongjian，xueli、nengli，shenzhixingbie，doukeyichengweishaixuantiaojian。hubei985gaoxiaobiyeshenglichuninggaosujiemianxinwen，“mouxiewenzhigangwei，jishizaiwokanlaizheifengongzuonannvdounengzuo，danqiyefangmianhaishihuitichuxingbiedeyaoqiu。”

shujuxianshi，2023nianwoguokaoyanbaomingrenshudadao474wanren，yuanchao2020niande341wanren。duiyubenkebiyeshenglaishuo，wanchengshengxuebuzaiyiweizhezaijiuyeshichangshangzhandexianji，ershizailingyitiaoqipaoxianshangkaishixindejingzheng。

学历效益骤降，开始卷实习

2020nianlichuningbenkebiyeshi，keyijieshouhubeidangdiyifenxinzi6zhi8qianyuandegongzuo，danshuoshibiyeshi，tadexinzibiaozhuntishengdao1wanyuan。zaiqikanlai，kaoyanheduyantourudeshijianhejinqianchengben，xuyaozaizhichangzhonghuodeyuzhipipeideshouyi。

danshi，yanjiushengshuliangdejijuzengduo，dailaideshixueliyoushizhoujiang。wangyirandiaokancheng，“yanjiushengxueliyijingpengzhangrujinbabuweizhibi。”dangdaliangderencaizhanzaiqutongdeqipaoxianshang，“juan”shixi、“juan”jinengzhengshu，huozhezhuiqiugenggaodexuelijiuchengweilexindejiejuefangan。

weilezaijiuyeshichangshangqiangzhanxianji，zaishanghaijiuduxinwenxishuoshideguanfangfangzaixiaoshiqi，wanchenglesifenshixi。tadecongyejinglibaokuoguanggaogongsikehuzhixing、zhibochanpinyunying，hulianwangdachangdeng。raner，zheixiebingmeiyoubangzhutanadaoyifenmanyidegongzuojihui。

zhilianzhaopinfabude《2023daxueshengjiuyelidiaoyanbaogao》xianshi，yiqingfangkaihou，2023jiebiyeshengkuaisuxingdong，1yue、2yuekaishiqiuzhidebilifenbiejiaoquniangao2.5ge、4.5gebaifendian。zhaopinpingtaishujuxianshi，jinnian3yue，yingjieshengrenjuntoudi21ci，biquniantongqiduo3ci。

buguo，shichangnengtigongdegongzuojihuiqueburongleguan，haixudengdaishijiandepanhuo。genjuguojilaogongzuzhifabubaogao，yuji2023nianquanqiujiuyezengzhangjinwei1%，budao2022nianshuipingdeyiban。danquanqiushiyerenshuzai2023nianzejiangxiaofushangshengzhi2.08yi，shiquanqiushiyelvdadao5.8%。

julibiyehaiyouyigeyue，lichuningjujue“xiachen”。tajujuediaolezaixinzihegongzuoneirongshangwufadadaoyuqideoffer，zhongfan“keliwushou”jieduan。tabiaoshi，zijibuhuijiangjiuyifenbuxihuanhuozhedaiyujiaodidegongzuo，buduanxiangxiaxunzhao、qiangfanwan，bingbushizhenzhengdijiejuelejiuyenanwenti。

间隔年和延迟毕业成为新选项

lichuningduiyujijiangdaolaidegap yearyijingzuohaolezhunbei。tajuedingbaoliuyingjieshengshenfen，beikaoniandidegongwuyuankaoshi，qijianjixuzhaogongzuo。

zhilianzhaopintongguofenxibiyeshengdejiuyeqidaifaxian，xuanze“qiuwen”chengweidangxiabiyeshengdezhuliuxintai。zaijiuyeshichang，guoqishi2023jiebiyeshengdeshouxuan，zhanbi46.7%，jiaoqunianshangsheng2.3gebaifendian，qielianxusannianchengshangshengtaishi。lichuningzantongzheiyangdeguandian，tarenweimianduibuwendingdejingjixingshi，wendingshijiuyedeshouxuan，tongshiyeyaozhaodaoyoushouhuogandegongzuo。

zhideyitideshi，dangjinshehuiduoyuandejiuyehuanjing，jibiyeshengduanqimousheng、zhangqimoufazhantigonglekeneng。guanfangfangbiyejiangjinyinian，muqianzhengchuzaigap yeardangzhong。tazaipinfanmianshidetongshi，haizaiyijiakafeidianzhaodaolejianzhi，shixinjin30yuan，manzujibenshenghuoxuyao。zhengyinweiyoulezheifenjianzhi，tacaiyouyongqijujuediaobutaixihuandezhengshigongzuojihui。

mianduijiuyeweiji，yanbichengweilelingyigexuanxiang。zhongguoqingnianbaodui2001mingshoufangzhejinxingdeyixiangdiaochaxianshi，73.1%deshoufangdaxueshengbiaoshishenbianyouxuanzeyanbidetongxue。meiyouxiuwanxuefenhuomeiwanchengxueweilunwenshidaxueshengyanbideshouyin，qicishiweilebaoliuyingjieshengshenfen。

buguo，guanfangfangtanyan，qiyezaimianshishiduiyugap yeardejinglihuiyousuogulvhezhiyi。“wonengganshoudaogap yearshigemingquedejianfenxiang，anshizheigehouxuanrengexingtaiqianghuozhebuwuzhengye。”

zaidangqianjingzhengxiangduijiliedejiuyeshichangzhong，mingxiaoxuelibingbuyidingnengweiyingjieshengdailaiyifenhaogongzuo。zaijintian，qiyekaocharencaideweidugengjiaquanmian，xueli、shixijingli、zuopindengdoushirencaidehengliangbiaozhun。duiyushuoshishenglaijiang，genggaodeqidianyeyiweizhegengjiajiliedejingzheng。

lingyifangmian，biyehoujiujinruzhichangyebingfeirenshengdeweiyixuanxiang。congzhangqidezhiyeguihualaikan，wulunshixunzhaowendinggongzuohuozhelinghuojiuye、fazhanfuye，jintiandeshehuijiyulenianqingrenyongyoulegengjiaduoyuandexuanxiang。zaizhichangzhong，xindejiyuhetiaozhanbingcun。

（应受访者要求，文中李楚宁、王怡然、关芳芳为化名）