界面新闻记者 | 张倩楠

界面新闻编辑 | 刘海川

jinri，guojiafagaiweifabu《guanyuhuifuhekuodaxiaofeidecuoshi》，qizhongqiangdiaoquanmianluoshidaixinxiujiazhidu，gulicuofengxiujia、danxingzuoxi，cujinjiarixiaofei。

daixinxiujialishiyoujiu，zuoweizhigongdejibenquanliyixingchenggongshi。1936nian6yue20ri，faguo《daixinjiaqifa》zhengshibanbu，youcijianlilequanqiuzuizaodedaixinnianxiujiazhidu。1995nian1yue1ri，《zhonghuarenmingongheguolaodongfa》zhengshishixing，mingquewoguoshixingdaixinnianxiujiazhidu——laodongzhelianxugongzuoyinianyishangde，xiangshoudaixinnianxiujia。

2008nian1yue，guowuyuanfabubingshixing《zhigongdaixinnianxiujiatiaoli》（jiancheng《tiaoli》），duixiujiazhuti、xiujiatiaojian、xiujiatianshudengzuochumingqueguiding，tongshi，mingqueyongrendanweiweihulaodongzhedaixinnianxiujiaquanyidefadingyiwujiweifadefalvzeren。

《tiaoli》mingque，zhigongleijigongzuoyiman1nianbuman10niande，nianxiujia5tian；yiman10nianbuman20niande，nianxiujia10tian；yiman20niande，nianxiujia15tian。zhigongzainianxiujiaqijianxiangshouyuzhengchanggongzuoqijianxiangtongdegongzishouru。duizhigongyingxiuweixiudedaixinnianxiujiatianshu，danweiyingdanganzhaogaizhigongrigongzishourude300%zhifudaixinnianxiujiagongzibaochou。

2015nian，guowuyuanbangongtingxiafa《guowuyuanbangongtingguanyujinyibucujinlvyoutouzihexiaofeideruoganyijian》，tichudaixinxiujia、cuofengxiujia、“2.5tianxiaoduanjia”dengcuoshi。cihou，guojiaduocixiafawenjian，yaoqiuluoshidaixinxiujiazhidu。

jiemianxinwenzhuyidao，“luoshidaixinxiujia”tongchangyu“cujinlvyou、xiaofei”debiaoshutongshichuxian。2019nian11yue，guojiafagaiwei、zhongyangzuzhibudeng9bumenlianhefabu《guanyugaishanjiejiarilvyouchuxinghuanjingcujinlvyouxiaofeideshishiyijian》，tichujiakuaituidongluoshidaixinxiujia。2022nian4yue，guowuyuanbangongtingyinfa《guanyujinyibushifangxiaofeiqianlicujinxiaofeichixuhuifudeyijian》yetichu，jijiluoshidaixinxiujiazhidu。

duici，xuejieyeyoubutongshengyin。“wogerenbujianyiweileladongcijixiaofei，youlaigulituidongdaixinxiujia。yinweizheishirenheyiminglaodongzhedefadingquanyi，shishoudaofalvbaohuhebixuyangeyifazhixingde，bushixuyaoladongxiaofeilecaitichulaidezhengcegongju。” zhongguorenmindaxueguojiafazhanyuzhanlveyanjiuyuanyanjiuyuan、gonggongguanlixueyuanjiaoshoumalianggaosujiemianxinwen。

国务院办公厅印发的《国民旅游休闲纲要（2013—2020年）》的发展目标tichu，dao2020nian，zhigongdaixinnianxiujiazhidujibendedaoluoshi。dan3nianguoqu，xianshizhuangkuangquebujinrenyi。

zaineimenggumoudijishinongyeyinxinggongzuodechenxinyu（huaming）gaosujiemianxinwen，zijiyiyou3nianweixiunianjia。“yewuhenmang，renyuanduanque。ruguowoxiujia，bingmeiyoulingyigerennengdingshanglai，shangjipizhunnianxiujiahenkunnan。”

chenxinyujieshao，biqiweixiujiabutie，zijihetongshidougengyuanyixuanzedaixinnianjia。“yinweigongzuotebielei，gengyuanyiquxiujia，xiubulejiaernabutieshiwunaizhiju。womendebutiebiaozhunshiyitianbu100kuaiqian，yemeiyoudadaorigongzuoshourude3bei。”

jiemianxinwenchayueshujufaxian，renshebuzai2020nian9yue18riduishisanjiequanguorendasancihuiyijianyidedafuzhongjieshao，jinsannianrenshebukaizhande60gechengshirenliziyuanheshehuibaozhangjibenqingkuangdiaochashujuxianshi，suozaidanweishixingdaixinnianxiujiazhidu（buhankefanghanshujiadedanwei）qiejubeixiujiatiaojian（gongzuoman1nian）dezhigongzhong，nenggouxiangshoudaixinnianxiujiaderenshubiliwei60%zuoyou。ciwai，quanguozonggonghuidibacizhigongduiwuzhuangkuangdiaochaxianshi，32.8%dezhigongjimeiyouxiangshoudaixinnianxiujiayemeiyoudedaobuchang，6.4%dezhigongdaixinnianxiujiashijianmeiyoudadaoguidingtianshu。

“xianzaiyongrendanweipubianweifa，buyunxuhuobianxiangjinzhangyuangongdaixinxiujia，daozhizheixiangjibenquanlidebudaoyingyoudezunzhonghebaohu。muqiandaixinxiujiadeluoshiqingkuangkanyou，jibianshidangzhengjiguanyewangwangnanyichongfenbaozhang，genghekuangshiguangdazhongxiaoqiye。”maliangshuo。

zhongguoqingnianbaosheshehuidiaochazhongxindui2007mingshangbanzudeyifendiaochaxianshi，71.8%deshoufangzhejianyiwanshandaixinnianxiujiazhidudexiangguanxize；60.6%deshoufangzhejianyijiaqiangjianguan，bingduiluoshibulidedanweijinxingchufa；54.1%deshoufangzhexiwangsuozaidanweitongyianpaizhigongnianjia；35.9%deshoufangzhe，renweiyaotishenglaodongzheduidaixinxiujiadezhongshi。diaochajielunshuoming，zhigongduidaixinxiujiadezhiduluoshiqiwangpoqie。

2023nian3yue，guangzhouribaocengfabiaopinglunwenzhangcheng，zhanzaiqiyecengmianlaikaoliang，duibufenqiyeyouqishizhongxiaoqiyelaishuo，jingyingyalida，daixinxiujiabeihouderenlichengbenheguanlichengbenjiaogao，shidebufenqiyebukanzhongfu。younaxiezhichicuoshiketuidongdaixinxiujialuoshi？

maliangrenwei，buyingkaolvshuishouyouhuidengzhengcelaizhichiyongrendanweiqutuixingdaixinxiujia。"zheishitadefadingyiwu，jiuxiangjiaonashuifeiheshehuibaoxianyiyangtianjingdiyi。"maliangshuo，yaoxiangluoshidaixinxiujiazhidu，jiuyinggaijiaqiangduiyongrendanweidejianduhechengjie，tebieshidangzhengjiguanyaodaitouyifadaixinxiujia，"fouzedaitouweifadehuazenmekenengyaoqiuqitayongrendanweilaiyifazhixingni？"

shishishang，duiyuyongrendanweiweifandaixinnianxiujiazhidudefalvzeren，《tiaoli》yiyouguiding：danweibuanpaizhigongxiudaixinnianxiujiayoubuyizhaobentiaoliguidingjiyudaixinnianxiujiagongzibaochoude，youxianjiyishangdifangrenminzhengfurenshibumenhuozhelaodongbaozhangbumenyijuzhiquanzelingxianqigaizheng；duiyuqibugaizhengde，chuzelinggaidanweizhifudaixinnianxiujiagongzibaochouwai，danweihaiyingdanganzhaodaixinnianxiujiagongzibaochoudeshuexiangzhigongjiafupeichangjin；duijubuzhifudaixinnianxiujiagongzibaochou、peichangjinde，shuyugongwuyuanhecanzhaogongwuyuanfaguanliderenyuansuozaidanweide，duizhijiefuzedezhuguanrenyuanyijiqitazhijiezerenrenyuanyifajiyuchufen；shuyuqitadanweide，youlaodongbaozhangbumen、renshibumenhuozhezhigongshenqingrenminfayuanqiangzhizhixing。

但即便有诸多救济渠道，职工相关权益保障依旧艰难。就职过程中，职工处于弱势一方，henduoshihouzhineng“renqitunsheng”。zhongguorenmindaxuefaxueyuanjiaoshouliujunhaizaijieshouzhongguoxinwenwangcaifangshibiaoshi，laodongzhequeshiyounanyanzhiyin，zhaogongzuobuyi，youqishishourugao、jingzhengjiliedegangwei，yuangongpalaobanbugaoxingjiejibaziji“chaoyouyu”，yinerweiquqiuquanbuganxiu，yebuganzhudongweihuzijidexiujiaquanyi。

工人日报曾在2019年报道，记者向100名受访者发放了调查问卷，在收回的80份中，45人认为年假不休会清零，57人认为年假可以被指定或抵扣，甚至77人认为跳槽后年假“缩水”是合理的。

zaixingzhengjiujihuanjie，zhigongweiquanshifouhuizaoyulaodongbumenjianguannanti？

faxueboshi、yunnanjindongfanglvshishiwusuolvshiyangmingkuagaosujiemianxinwen，《xianfa》di43tiaoguiding：zhonghuarenmingongheguolaodongzheyouxiuxidequanli。guojiafazhanlaodongzhexiuxihexiuyangdesheshi，guidingzhigongdegongzuoshijianhexiujiazhidu。《laodongfa》di3tiaoguiding：laodongzhexiangyouxiuxixiujiadequanli。 lingwai，genju《laodongfa》ji《laodonghetongfa》guiding：xiuxixiujiashilaodonghetongzhongbibukeshaodehetongtiaokuanzhiyi。"haowuyiwen，laodongzhedexiangyoudedaixinxiujiaquanli，duiyingdejiushiyonggongqiyedefalvyiwuhehetongyiwu。genjuminshisusongdejuzhengguize，duiyudaixinxiujiazheiyihetongyiwushifoulvxing，qijuzhengzerenliyingguishuyuyonggongqiye。qiyewanquankeyitongguoqikaoqinzhidudeng，zhengmingqishifoulvxinggaixiangyiwu。"yangmingkuashuo，laodongjianchaquzhengzaifalvshanghejishushangdoubunan。

tahuyu，yingjiadaduizhigongzaidaixinxiujiaquanlibaozhangfangmiandezhishipuji，"laodongbumenyeyingjiaqiangduiqiyedeyindao，rangqiyequanhengweifachengben，tigaolvxingyiwudejijixing。"

在司法救济环节中，上述工人日报报道援引案例称，一名职工因签署了《职工自愿放弃年休假申请书》，而在索要3倍未休年假补偿金的劳动仲裁中败诉。“尽管有明文规定，但用人单位因职工维权意识淡薄，不愿因小失大，劳动监察部门监管处罚力度不够等肆无忌惮。”沈阳市一位审理此类案件的法官郑虹告诉记者。

duiyujianguannandexianzhuang，maliangrenwei，yingjiangdaixinxiujiazhidunarufazhiyunxingguidao，tongguofalvfaguihuotiaolidexingshiqieshijiangzhigongdaixinxiujiadehefaquanyinarufazhijianduzhixia。gejirendayingjiaqiangdaixinxiujiazhiduluoshiqingkuangpinggujiandu，jiaqianglaodongquanyibaohuzhifajiandu，changtongzhigongshensujizhi，xingchengquanfangweidedaixinxiujiazhiduzhixingbaozhangtixi。

在2023年的全国"两会"上，多位代表、委员也持相同意见。其中，全国政协委员、全国总工会副主席、书记处书记江广平曾提交《关于让带薪年休假制度真正落实落地的提案》。他建议，对企业确因工作需要不能安排职工年休假的情形做出明文规定。他还认为，应适度提高对违法行为的行政处罚标准，增加企业违法成本。