编者按：2022nian8yue，youzhedilixuejie“xiaowangzi”zhichengdeduanyifucishi。zaiyikexuezhuyiweizhuliudedilixuejie，duanyifuqiangdiaobunengzhiyikeguanshujulijiedilihuanjing，gengxuyinrurenleiganguanyuqingganlaitansuokongjiandeyiyi，bingxianhoutichule“liandiqingjie”、“kongjianyudifang”dengzhongyaoshuyu，yingxiangledaidaixueren，chengweilerenwenzhuyidilixuededianjixingxuezhe。

duanyifudedilixueweishenmeshilangmanshenzhitianzhende？tayanzhongsuojiandedilimianmaoherenleishehuiyutarenyanzhongdeshijieyouhebutong？guigenjiedi，zheiqujueyutashiyigezenyangderen。congtadesuoyouxueshuzhuzuohesuibiwenzhangzhong，duzhedoukeyihuodeyibufendaan，dantadezichuan《woshishei？》keyigaosuwomengengduo。

duanyifudejiashixianhe，taxingrongzijiderenshengshi“congtongniandegonggongshijiemaixianglechengniandesirenshijie”。tazaizichuanliyitongnianshishuo，youjigerencengmoguotadetouhuojiguotawanju，tamendoushizhongguojuzuqingzhongderenwu。zuowei“zhongchanjiejizhuanyerenshidehaizi”，shangshijisanshiniandai，duanyifu“jibianzhishihejiarenweishenyuyigehuiyuzhanhuodeguojia，danzhiyaotayouyidiantianfuhebaofu，jiuhenkenengrenweizijijianglaihaishiyoujihuidengtangrushi、hufenghuanyu”。danzhihouyijuguowaidejinglirangtagandao，zijishenghuozaiyigemoshengerdaiyoudiyidehuanjingzhong。suizhenianlingdezengzhang，takaishimanmanyanfanchongmankongdongtanhuahewuliaoquanshudeshejiaochanghe，“gonggongshenghuoduiwolaijiangconglaidoubushineimezhenshi，youqishitadeneixieshehuigongneng。”

jiuzheiyang，womenshuxideneigereaizhejiliaodehuangmobingcongzhongfaxiandilizhishiyideduanyifuchuxianle。tafaxian，yazhoushehuidenanrenwangwangnianqingshirezhongjiangshanyumeiren，shanglenianjixinjingtiandan，yuefaqinjinziran，erduiyutazijieryan，tanianqingshibiangewaiqinglaiziranzhimei，baroutidechongdong“huaweiyizhongyihuxunchangdenengliangyongxiangledadideshenmihemeigan”，shanglenianjizhihou，dilidezhuangguanwufazaijiqitadexingfen，tamenbianchenglesikaodeduixiang，neizhongxiangyaosichulvxing、kandaqianshijiedechongdongxiaoshile，tadexingqudianyuelaiyuezhuanxiangleguannianhegaikuoxingdeshiwu，erfeijutidutedeshiwu。tayishengdouzaizhuiwen“woshishei”dewenti，shizhongguorenhaishimeiguoren，zhonglaoniandeduanyifujingqidiyishidao：“zijijingranbianchengleyigexilaren，xiangsugeladihuobolatuneiyangdexilaren，shidewodejiqingchaozhejizhidemeibenliuerqu。zheiyangdemeibaokuoshangfangdetiantanghedishangderenleigeti，erbuzaishineixiezhongjianchidudekeaishiwu——shehui、jingguanhedifangle。”

duanyifuxiezichuanshichongmanzhejingjue。tayifangmianzhidao，ruguozichuanzhishiweilechengken，neijiuhuibianchengyibenchanhuilu，lingyifangmianyouzaiwannianshenkediguanchahefansizhenshideziwo，yishuxiezichuandefangshimianduizijidedanxiaonuoruo、qianquedeshengmingli、gududecunzaiyuyouxiandekuaile。

《亲密：从正义到爱》（节选）

撰文 | [美] 段义孚

翻译 | 志丞 刘苏

dang20shiji60niandaixianqiminquanyundongdeshihou，wocaiwanquanrongrulemeiguoshehui，kaishigandaozijiyinggaiyousuozuoweile——woyinggaicanjiayixiekangyizuzhicaidui。danwodexingdongyouyicizaixiangfamianqianzhibule。wujingdacaihedanxiaoqienuokendingshiqizhongdeyuanyin，danyebuzhiyuzheiliangzhongyuanyin。yinweidangkangyibianchengleshishang，caozongganbianchenglebiganziheyanjiangshu，erfeiqunqingjifendeshiweizheshi，wozhinengkezhizijile。shenzhi，danggaodilixuederenyekaishixieshuzhuanwenzhizhishehuidebugongzhengshi，wohaishibaochizhekezhidetaidu。tamenxiededongxiyikaishishizhenduilaogongjieji，zhihouyouzhixianglenvxingheshaoshuzuyideng，suoyi，tamenshigenzheshehuidechaoliuzaizou。

jinguantamenzaidouzhengjiqiaoshangwukezhizhai，danwokanchuletamenneizaidebuchengshu。tamenhuibazheigeshijiefenchenghaorenhehuairenliangzhongren。neixiemeiyouquanlideren——laogong、funv、shaoshuzuyi、tongxinglian——doushihaoren；erneixiezhangwoguoduoquanlideren——tongzhijieji，xiangzibenjia、shenzhirenyuan、bairenheyixinglian——zedoushihuairen。woheshenbiandedilixuezhedoutongyangtonghenbugongbuyi。dangzijizaoyubugongzhengdeshihou，yehuibiandeshifenmingan，dangkanjianbierenshenxianqizhongdeshihou，yehuiyifentianying。dangliangzhongguannian、qunti、yishixingtaifashengchongtudeshihou，woyezongshihuiqutongqingruoshideyifang，jiuxiangshuiwangdichuliuneimeziran——zheishiximengna·weiyi（simone weil，faguozongjiaosixiangjia、shehuihuodongjia）deyigebiyu，wohenxihuanzheigebiyu，yexihuantafanshizhuiqiugongzhengdexingge，zhengrutasuoshuo：“yaocongshenglizhedezhenyinglitaotuochulai。”duiwoeryan，zhiyaokaishishenxianshenglizhedekuayaohefengchengdelingyu，yejiushixiangyaotaotuochulaizhishi；chufeizheiyangdeshenglishiyizhongziranerrandehuanle，jiuxiangyongdunmenqingzhuzijideqiuduihuoshengshiyiyang，wocainengtanranjieshou。

woyechangbashengminglitongshenglishangdeyongqilianxiqilai，zheiyeshiwosuoquefade。zaiwokanlai，qienuoshizuikechiderenleipinxing，suoyiyishidaoshentiliqianqueyongqihuidailaichixuxingdexiuchigan。wotongnianjuzhuzaizhongqingdeshihou，zhiyaoyiyoujihuijiuhexiaohuobanmenyiqitizuqiu。womenbabuzhachengyidakunlaidangzuozuqiuti。youyitian，fuqinsonglewomenyigezhenzhengdepizhizuqiu，womenzhenshijingxiwanfen。womenbujinxingyingbulididaizhetawan，shenzhijiulianchifanshuijueshidoubaozhetabufang。erweiyidequedianshi，tataiyingle，woyidianyebuxiangrangtazhuangdaowodexiongtanghuolianshang，zheirangwoyouxiexinji。danwoquebakongjuyazailexindi，qudangshoumenyuan，chengwei“zhongshizhide”。dangqiufeiguolaideshihou，huoyigenanhaierdaizheqiuxiangpaodanyiyangchongguolaideshihou，wojiufenbugushendiyongshentiquzudangzuqiuhuoneigenanhaier。danzheiyangzuobingfeiyinweiyouyongqi，ershineiyikezhijuede，zheishiwodezuihouyicile，kendinghuobuguozheicijienan，guohoujiuzaiyebubimianduizheiwanyierle。

weishenmedangshoumenyuanhuibizaichangshangpaorangwojuedezaibisaizhongyongyougengduodecaokongganni？daantongyangshiquefashengmingli。shoumenyuanjibenshangshidaizaiyigedifangde，erbuyongzhuizheqiu，yebuyongbizhezijimanchangdaochupao。zheishiyizhongbeidongdeyongqi，yiweizhezhanwenzijidedipanjike。danwoqinpeidequeyoushiyizhongzhudongdeyongqi——xingdongdeyongqi，shedingmubiaodeyongqi——nanxingdeyongqi。qishiwoconglaidoumeinengbaqiupaodaoguoheshideweizhishangqu。zheishejiyizhongxingbieshangdechayi：nvhaierhennanpaohaoqiu，yinweitamenzhishiyongshoubeideliliang；dannanhaierzehuijieyongzhenggequgandeliliangqupaoqiu——tamenhuibazhenggeshentiwangqianqing，xiangjihukuaiyaoshuaidaodeyangzi。danwoquebuyuanmaozheyaoshuaidaodeweixianqupaoqiu。zaimeicibisaizhong，wojihudoushijiliyanshizhewufapaohaoqiudexiukuicanyuqizhongde。

wohuoxutianshengjiushiyigegugudandandehaizi，yinweiwojingchangaiwanyixiegududexiaohaicaihuiwandeyouxi，yejiushiquxiangxiangruguozijishilingwaiyigerendehua，huishizenyangde。wonenggouzairenhedifangwanzheigeyouxi，youqishidangwozuozaixinidejialineidaobolimenlangshang，wangzhemeiguiwanduimiandecheliangxiangwanjuyiyangsichuyidongdeshihou，zheizhongxiangxianglijiuhuidadaojizhi。wohuixiangxiangzijisuiyixuanyiliangchezuoshangqu，kanyixiacongzheiliangcheliwangchuqudeshijieshishenmeyangzide。wobujinhuibazijifangdaoneigechengkedeweizhishangquxiangxiang，haihuihuanxiangwozijijiushineimingchengke——yigeaodaliyadehaizizhengkaizhechequcanjiabanqiubisai，huozheyimingchengniannanzizhengganwanghuichangdelushang，dengdeng。wotebiexihuancongbierendeshijiaoqukanshijie，quganshoutamendeganshou。“yiqing”（empathy ）duiwolaijiangshihenzirandeyijianshi，erqiewoyezaibuduanpeiyangta，batabianchenggengjuyoushehuixinghechanchuxingdenengli——gongqing（sympathy）。

duitarenzaoyudegongqingshiyizhongwujiadeqinggan，danzheizhongqingganyebuneimerongyihuanqi。qishigengyoutiaozhandeshiduitarendechenggonghexingfuchanshengxiyuezhiqing，youqishidangneigechenggongzaidajiakanlaiyeshiwomenzijiliyingqudedeshihou。wuyongzhiyi，fumutongchanghuiyinweihaizidechenggongyuxingfuerxiyue，danzheishiyinweifumuchangbahaizidangchenglezijideyanshen。tamenbuhuijiduzijidehaizichenggong，zhengruyigezuojiabuhuijiduzijideshuchenggongneiyang。danfumubuhuichangbahaiziguazaizuishang，yinweibierenbuhuiduizijidehaizineimeganxingqu。buguoyekenengbingfeiruci。wokenengjiushigeliwai，yinweiwojiuhenxihuantingbierenjiangshutamendehaiziruheruhechenggong。

dangwolingtingtamensuojiangdeshihou，wojiuhuiyihuierzhanzaihaizidelichangshang，yihuierzhanzaifumudelichangshang，suoyi，wojiutongshidedaoleliangfangmiandekuaile。zheikanqilaihaoxianghengaofengliangjie，danyehuiyinweixiamiansangeyuanyourangzheiyiqingkuangbingfeizongshiruci。diyi，womeiyouhaizi。ruguowoyougeyouxiudehaizi，erbierendehaiziquehenzaogaodehua，neiwojiubukenengbiaoxiandehenkaixinle，buranhuirangduifangjuedewozaixingzailehuo。dier，wodebeiguanzhuyi。zheiyeshiwoxinggeliyinyudeyimian。dangwoqueshimudumourendechenggong，congerxiangtarentiqideshihou，jishaokanjiantarenhuiyinweibierendechenggongeryoufazineixindexiyue——napabushigerenzhijiandebijiao，ershicongshuyugerendeshiwu，baokuozinv，yebaokuoshishengguanxi，biru“wodexueshengtaibangle，nidexueshengni？”disan，yuanyuwoxiangxianglizhongdelangmanzhuyiqingxiang。zheiyiqingxiangrangwozongjuedehaizimendoushishangdidezuopin——duyiwuerdezuopin，paidaozheigeshishanglai，shiweilerangdajiaxingfukuaile，qiantishidajiayeyaorucikandaihaizimencaixing，erbushibatamendangzuofumuhuolaoshidefushupinhuocaichanzhileidedongxi。

wochangchangyitongyangdefangshiqukandaisuoyouren。zaiwoyanli，meigerendoushikeyishenmeideduixiangheyishupin。renbujinshiyizhongkeyishenmeideduixiang，haishimingfuqishide“keyiweizijidaiyan”deshenmeiduixiang。woguankanrenjiuxiangxinshangyouhua、diaosuhelequyiban。wojingjingdizhanzaiyifuhuazuoqian，xiangzhidaotademeilihezai，tazaisushuozheshenme。zaiyiqunrenzhong，wobiankanbianting，xiangzhidaotamenweiheshizheiyangderen，tamenshiruhekandaishijiede。wogengxihuanananjingjingdiquhuodezhishi，erbushizuoyigekuizengzhishideren。dangranle，wozaiketangshangyehuilianpianleidudishuogebuting，danzaishejiaochangheli，dangwoyaoshuohuadeshihou，gengqingxiangyupaochuyigewentihuojichuyigebeilunhuofanfeng。zheiyangzuodemudezaiyuyinchuhuati，haojiangtanhuayixindefangshiyanxuxiaqu。

suoyi，zaibierenkanlai，woshiyigehenbucuoderen，zhishiyuanbo，yehuizhuyitarendeguandian，tebieshizaijuhuihetaolunxiaozuli。danbuxingdeshi，zheiyangdeqianxunyeyoubuhaodeyimian。biru，zheihuixiandewozijiquefazhishidelichanghedaodedeyuanze。yaome，zheiliangzhewodouyou，danqueweilejuzhidetierkeyiyanshixiaqu，zheiyangdedetibenshenjiugaishoudaozhiyile，yinweizheizhongxingweidedongyinbushiyuanyuliliang，ershiquefaanquangan。zheishiwaiguoren、fangke、yiminshenshangdouhuiyoudeshehuixingdebuanquangan。xiangfan，xiangmagelite·mideneiyangderenjiukeyibiaoxiandeguogan、zhilvshenzhiculu，yinweitabenjiushitushengtuzhangdemeiguoren。danwoquebutong，wozhishizuoweiyigeyixiangkezaizheilidailesishinianeryi，shizhongjuedexuyaoshenshendiquyingheneixiebentumeiguorendeguandian。zheirangwogengjiamingbaiyisaiya·bolin（isaiah berlin）shenshangdewenti，tazongshibataiduruanxialai，quguanzhuduishoumendeguandian，mudeshitaohaoduifang。zheizhengshishenghuozaianggelu—sakexunwenhuazhongdeyoutaieguorenshenshangderuodian。tazaiyinggelanqudedesuoyouchengjiuherongyu，yijimeiyourenhebuhezhiyin，douzhishiyinweitazuopinlideliliangheduchuangxingma？haishiyinweitazongshihuizaizhenglundechanghelidamahuyan——zheiyangdeshuohuafangshinandaohuiyouyizhongmoli？

yinbierendegongchengmingjiuyuchouchumanzhiergandaokaixin，zheikenengbaohanleyizhongbujianquandeshounveqingjie。yinci，wocaihuaiyiziwobugoujianquan。wodexinggelizenmehuiyouzheiyangdeshounveqingjieni？wojuedezheikenengshiyushengjulaide。wodexinggeconglaidoumeiyoubiaoxianchuguoduanjianyideyimian，zongshixianggexiaohaizibanhaixiu，zaichengnianrendeshijielibaochizhechenmo，yexiguanyumomowuwendijinzhebenfen。youqishihenianqingrendaizaiyiqideshihou，wozongshihuikezhizijidezhuzhang，biaoxiandehaoxianghenwuzhujianyiyang，shenzhizaiwojieshiyigeguandiandeshihouyeshiruci。zheizhongshenshiyiyangdexinggerangwoxiandepingyijinren，fuyoutonglixin，jiuyiweijiaoshieryan，zheishihenhaodexingge。zaiwodetuixiuyanshang，yiweiwozhiqianjiaoguodexueshenghuiyiqijinianqiantahewozaijiujinshandezhongcanguanchifanshideqingjing，qijian，wozongshibuduandiquantaduochidian。wohenjingya，tajuranhaijidezheizhongxiaoshi。danzaifansihou，wojuede，tadezheidaohuiyizhizhiwodexingge。wohoulaifaxian，wojingchanghexueshengmenyiqiquchifan、hekafei，yuanyinshiwoxihuantamenchifanshideyangzi。dangtamenxiangyongbanzhejiangliaodetongxinfen，jiaozhehuluobudangao，shenbianbanzheyiduihaoshu，fenxiangtamenmirendeguandianshi，wojiutebiexiangshoutamendemoyang，kanzhetamendeshijieguanjianjianchengzhangqilai。woqishishitebieqingyuantamenlaixiaofeiwozheiweilaoshide。

keruguoyigerentaiqueshileziwodehua，yehuihetianrandeziwozhuyichanshengqiangliedechongtu，jinerzouxiangfanmian，neijiushifeichangkewangbierenlijieziji。wozaojiukandaolezheiyiweixian，suoyicaiyizhifangweidujian。erweishenmeyizhongjidudeziwoqueshifanerhuibianchengyizhongkeqiuni？jiuwodeqingkuangeryan，shishehuizhudongqianghualewodezheiyixinggeqingxiang。zhenggeshehuidouzaigaosuwo，zisizilishibuduide。

wusiqueshikeyidailaixingfu。wonulicongtongniandejingyanlijiqujiaoxun，jianshaozinvedeqingxiang。zongdelaishuo，zheiyangzuohaishiyousuoshouhuode。yuqiyinweibierenyongyou——peiou、banlv、haizi、aiqing——zijimeiyouergandaojusangtongku，daobururangzijidezhuyilizhuanxiangbierenyongyoudexingfushangmian，xiangxiangxingdihuozaibierendefuzuli，yiciyenengrangzijihuodeyisimanzu。ranerzheizhongtidaixingderenshengyehuidailaichenzhongdaijia，yinweitayiweizhenizaizijishengmingzuihaodebufenliyezhinengtihuidaoyizhongyouxiandemanzuganeryi，ertiyanbudaowuxiandexilegan；yeyiweizhenishijiedelingyicezongyouyipianyinmailongzhaozhe。yenanguaiwohuibashengminglidangchengyigeouxianglaichongbai，shenzhijingchangkewangnengchongpoyiqiedeshengmingzhiguangdeyongyihezhanfang。

本文书摘部分与图片均来自《我是谁？段义孚自传》一书，较原文有删节，经出版社授权发布，标题为编者自拟。