jiemianxinwenjianxijizhe | tianheqi

suizhexingongzuofangandexiafa，zhongguozaituijinshuangtanmubiaoshangmaichulezhongyaoyibu。

8yue2ri，guowuyuanbangongtingyinfale《jiakuaigoujiantanpaifangshuangkongzhidutixigongzuofangan》（guobanfa〔2024〕39hao，xiacheng《fangan》），mingquele6lei15xiangzhongdianrenwu，weigoujiantanpaifangshuangkongzhidutixizhiminglegongzuofangxiang。

2015年10月，在党的十八届五中全会中，中国正式提出了能耗双控政策。这对能源消费整体提出了管控要求，但未区分化石能源和非化石能源。

suizhezhongguotandafeng、tanzhonghemubiaodetichuheshuangtanzhanlvedewenbutuijin，weigenghaodishiyingtanjianpaixuqiu，2023nian7yue，zhongyangquanmianshenhuagaigeweiyuanhuidiercihuiyishenyitongguole《guanyutuidongnenghaoshuangkongzhubuxiangtanpaifangshuangkongdeyijian》，mingquezhichuletuidongnenghaoshuangkongzhubuzhuanxiangtanpaifangshuangkongdefangxiang。

jinniandangdeershijiesanzhongquanhuishangzhengshitichu，jianlinenghaoshuangkongxiangtanpaifangshuangkongquanmianzhuanxingxinjizhi。

duoweizhuanjiarenshijunduijiemianxinwenbiaoshi，cicizhuanbianbiaozhizhezhongguozainengyuanguanliyutanjianpailingyuqudeleguanjianxingjinzhan，tabujinbiaozhizhezhongguoxianggengjiajingxihua、jingzhunhuadetanpaifangkongzhitiximaijin，yeyoulituidongzhongguoxianglvseditanshehuizhuanxing。

能耗双控向碳排放双控转型

nenghaoshuangkongshizhiduinengyuanxiaofeizonglianghenengyuanxiaofeiqiangdujinxingkongzhi。qimubiaobaokuokongzhinengyuanxiaofeizongliang，yijianshaoduihuanjingdeyingxiang，bingtigaonengyuanxiaofeiqiangdu，jitishengnengyuanliyongxiaolv。

tanpaifangshuangkongzeshizhitanpaifangzongliangkongzhihetanpaifangqiangdukongzhi。

tanpaifangzongliangkongzhishizhiduiyigediqu、qiyehuozuzhizaiyidingshijianneisuopaifangdeeryanghuatanzongliangjinxingxianzhihuojianshaodekongzhifangshi，zhizaicongyuantoushangkongzhitanpaifang，jianshaowenshiqitidepaifang，congerjianhuanqihoubianhuawenti。

tanpaifangqiangdukongzhizeshizhiduiyigediqu、qiyehuozuzhizaidanweiguoneishengchanzongzhi(gdp)zhongdetanpaifangliangjinxingxianzhidekongzhifangshi，tashiduitanpaifangzongliangkongzhidezhongyaobuchong，zhizaijiangdidanweigdpdetanpaifangliang，shixianditanfazhan。

zhongguotanzhonghewushirenluntanfumishuzhangwuhongjiezaijieshoujiemianxinwencaifangshibiaoshi，younenghaoshuangkongzhuanxiangtanpaifangshuangkongbujinshizhongguozishenshixiangaozhiliangfazhandeneizaixuqiu，yetixianlezhongguoduiquanqiuqihoubianhuafuzerendetaidu。

tajinyibujieshicheng，suizhexinnengyuanzainengyuanjiegouzhongdebilibuduanzengjia，jinguanzhongguodenengyuanxiaohaozongliangyousuoshangsheng，dantanpaifangqiangdushijishangshizaixiajiangde。zheishiyinweixinnengyuandeliyongjianshaoleduihuashinengyuanxiaohaodebizhong，congerjiangdiletanpaifang。

ciwai，gaizhuanbianshiweiledadaojingjiyuhuanjingdepingheng。zaiquebaojingjizengzhangdetongshi，zhongguoyezaijijixunqiujiangditanpaifangdetujing。ruguojixudanchunqiangdiaonenghaoshuangkong，huiyizhijingjifazhan，zheiyudangqianguoqingheshuangtanmubiaobufu。

benci《fangan》tichufensangejieduanzuochugongzuobushu。jutilaikan，diyijieduanshidangqianzhi2025nian，zheliwanshandifang、xingye、qiye、chanpintanpaifangtongjihesuantixideng，wei“shiwuwu”shiqizaiquanguofanweishishitanpaifangshuangkongdiandingjichu。

dierjieduanshi“shiwuwu”shiqi，zaiquanguofanweineishishitanpaifangshuangkongzhidu，yiqiangdukongzhiweizhu、zongliangkongzhiweifu；disanjieduanshitandafenghou，diaozhengyouhuatanpaifangshuangkongzhidu，yizongliangkongzhiweizhu、qiangdukongzhiweifu。

zhendui《fangan》suotichulaidesangejieduanmubiao，wuhongjiezhichu，tiaozhanzhuyaojizhongzaidiergehedisangejieduan。

tajieshicheng，dierjieduandemubiaozhezhongyutanqiangdudekongzhi，shixiangduiliangdejianshao；erdisanjieduandemubiaozeshiduitanpaifangzongliangdekongzhi，zheiguanhujueduiliangdexuejian。

各行业该如何应对？

luoshi《fangan》bingfeiyishi，qisuofugaidexingyefanweiguangfan，shejizhongduoguanjianlingyuheyaosu。

zaitansuozhongdianxingyelingyutanpaifangyujingguankongjizhifangmian，《fangan》mingquezhichuyidianli、gangtie、youse、jiancai、shihua、huagongdenggongyexingyehechengxiangjianshe、jiaotongyunshudenglingyuweizhongdian。《fangan》yemingqueyaozhixiudingshangshuxingyeqiyetanpaifanghesuanguizebiaozhun。

zainengyuandianlilvseditanzhuanxingguochengzhong，dianlixingyeyizhibanyanzhezhongyaojiaose。dangqian，dianlixingyeshizhongguoweiyiyigebeizhengshinaruquanguotanpaifangquanjiaoyitixidexingye。

qinghuadaxue（cheliangxueyuan）-qiaopaiqingjiejiaotongnengyuanzhongxinzhurenshuaishijinbiaoshi，zhongguocongnenghaoshuangkongdaotanpaifangshuangkongdezhuanbian，qihexinshituidongyicinengyuandezhanlvezhuanxing，jicongmeitan、shiyou、tianranqidenghuashinengyuanzhuanweifengneng、taiyangneng、shuinengdengkezaishengnengyuan。zaizheiyizhuanxingguochengzhong，dianlidejiaosefashenglegenbenxingbianhua，tayouguoqulairanmei、tianranqifadianzhuanbianweizhijielaizitaiyangneng、fengneng、shuinengdengqingjienengyuanfadian。

wuhongjieyerenwei，congnenghaoshuangkongdaotanpaifangshuangkong，jiangcujindianlixingyedelvsezhuanxing。tongguogulikezaishengnengyuandeshiyong，jianshaohuashinengyuanyilai，cujinguangfufadian、fengdiandengkezaishengnengyuanzaidianlixingyedezhanbizengjia，tuidongnengyuanjiegouyouhua。

这意味着，此次政策转变将利好新能源产业。

ciwai，yejiangjidatuidongdianlixingyejishudegengxindiedai。wuhongjiejuli，biruxinnengyuanzhuyaojizhongzaixiburuxinjiang、gansu、ningxiadengdi，zhongguofazhanchaogaoyadianwangjishukeyishixianyuanjulishusong。

yucitongshi，zhongguojijidazaozhinengdianwanghezhinengweiwang，yiyingduixinnengyuandianlizhongleizengduodailaidetiaozhan，quebaofenbushinengyuandeyouxiaojieruheguanli。

wuhongjiezhichu，weilai，dianlixingyejiangjiasuxiangshuzihua、zhinenghuazhuanxing，suanliyushuzihuadeyingyongjiangchengweijiejueweilaidianlishengchan、chuanshu、fenpeihexiaofeidenggegehuanjiewentideguanjian。

“zheixiejishubiangebujinshejidianwangjiagoudezhonggou、nengyuanguanlixitongdeshengji，haihangailedianlishichangdeyouhua、yonghuhudongmoshidechuangxindengduogefangmian。”tabiaoshi，dianlixingyedejishugengxindiedaijiangshiyigequanfangwei、duocengcideguocheng，xuyaozhengfu、qiye、keyanjigoudengduofanggongtongnuli，tuidongzhenggexingyexianggengjiagaoxiao、qingjie、zhinengdefangxiangfazhan。

gangtiexingyeshijidianlixingyezhihouzuidadetanpaifangyuan，shizhongguoshixianshuangtanmubiaodeguanjianlingyu。

今年以来，碳市场扩容信号频传。9月9日，生态环境部办公厅发布关于公开征求《全国碳排放权交易市场覆盖水泥、钢铁、电解铝行业工作方案（征求意见稿）》，明确2024年作为水泥、钢铁、电解铝行业首个管控年度，2025年底前完成首次履约工作。

wodegangtiewangzongjianxuxiangchungaosujiemianxinwen，“zaidangqiandequanqiujiantanqushixia，taolunlibiyibuzaishizhongdian，jiantanyichengweigexingyedegongtongrenwu。”

tabiaoshi，duiyugangtiexingyeeryan，guanjianzaiyuruhezaijishuyingyong、touzihejiantanchengbenzhijianzhaodaopingheng，quebaoxingyenenggouchengshouzhuanxingdeyali。

xuxiangchunrenwei，zhongduanqinei，tishengnengyuanliyongxiaolvyijiangdidungangnenghao，shigengweixianshiqiejishukexingxingjiaogaodetujing。

“dangqian，gongxinbuhefagaiweiyizhenduigangtiexingyeshelilejizhunnenghaoyubiaogannenghaodebiaozhun，zhuyaozhenduigaohaonenggongxuruliantieheliangang。shouyaorenwushiquebaosuoyouqiyedadaojizhunnenghaobiaozhun，weidabiaodeqiyezaiweilaikenengmianlinshengchanxianzhi。”tacheng。

zaicijichushang，duiyuyijingdadaojizhunnenghaobiaozhundeqiye，jinyibutichulebiaogannenghaodegenggaoyaoqiu，zhizaituidongyue30%deqiyedadaozheiyigenggaobiaozhun。biaogannenghaodeshedingyiweizhegengdidenenghaoshuiping，jiangdailaigengdidetanpaifang。

xuxiangchunbiaoshi，zhangqilaikan，xuyaoduigongyijiegouheyongnengjiegoujinxingzhongdadiaozheng。liru，jianshaoduikuangshiliantiedeyilai，zengjiafeigangdeshiyongbili，zheiyouzhuyujiangditanpaifang。

ciwai，tigaofeigangliyonglv。zheishejidaorulaojiushebeidegengxingaizaohedingqiqiangzhibaofeizhengce，yiquebaofeiganggongyingliang。

zuizhong，gangtiexingyekenengxuyaozhuanxiangshiyongqingqidengqingjienengyuantidaichuantongdetanjihaiyuanji，rujiaotan。qingyejinjishuyouwangshixianliantieliangangguochengzhongtanpaifangdexianzhujianshao，danmuqianzheixiangjishushangweichengshu，chengbenjiaogao。

zaixuxiangchunkanlai，yidangangtiexingyecanyutanjiaoyi，zheijiangweigangtieqiyejiantangongzuodailaixianzhudeyalihejili。duiyuluohoudeqiye，tamenxuyaojiakuaijiantanbufayibimianqianzaidetanchengben。erduiyujiantanjishuchuyulingxiandiweideqiye，tamenkeyitongguochushouduoyudetanpeielaihuodeshouyi。

“zheizhongzhengceheshichangjizhideyinru，jiangcujingangtiexingyezhengtixianggenghuanbao、genggaoxiaodeshengchanfangshizhuanxing，tongshiyejiangtuidongqiyezhijiandejingzheng，gulitamencaiqugengxianjindejishuheguanlicuoshilaijianshaotanpaifang。”tashuo。

shuaishijinrenwei，nenghaoshuangkongdaotanpaifangshuangkongdezhuanbian，bujindianfulechuantonghuashinengyuanzainengyuanlingyudezhudaodiwei，tongshiduiyilaihuashiranliaodeneiranjixingyeyegouchengleyanjuntiaozhan，poshiqibixuxunqiuzhuanxingzhilu。

shuaishijinjulicheng，dangqian，chengyongcheheqingxingshangyongchediandonghuajinchengjiaoweishunli，erzhongzhongxingzhangtushangyongcheyaoshixiandiandonghuazemianlingengduotiaozhan。

tarenwei，zaizhongxingshangyongchelingyu，hunhedongliheqingnengdongliyoukenengbanyanzhongyaojiaose。wulunshiqingranliaodianchihunhedonglihaishiqingneiranjihunhedongli，doujiangzhiliyutigaonengxiao、kekaoxingheanquanxingmanzushichangxuqiu。

ciwai，shuaishijinyetidao，zaidaxingshangyonghangkonglingyu，yijiriyixingqidedikongjingjilingyu，ditanhuahediandonghuayichengweigongshi。weikongzhitanpaifang，xuanzeditanhelingtanranliaozhiguanzhongyao。saf（kechixuhangkongranliao）zuoweiyizhongshengwuzhilaiyuanderanliao，zaichengben、kekaoxingfangmianzhanxianchulejudadeqianli。

safshiyoufeiqisuliao、canyinfeiyou、feiqixianweidengshengwuzhiyuanliaojingguoyixiliegongyizhicheng，zuizhongdedaoderanliaozaihuaxuezuchengshangyuhuashihangmeixiangsi，danqijuyougengdidequanshengmingzhouqitanpaifang。

“duiyujiaotongnengyuanhedonglixingyeeryan，zheichangbiangejishitiaozhanyeshijiyu。wulunshishihuahaishineiranjichanye，douyingjijiyongbaonengyuanlvsehuazhuanxing，nulitansuoyukezaishengnengyuanderonghefazhanzhilu。”tashuo。

tarenwei，neiranjizhishiyizhongnengyuanzhuanhuadedonglizhuangzhi，xuyaoshiyingxindenengyuanheranliaoxingshi，cainengshixiankechixufazhan，yingkandaomeiyicidejishugexinhechanyeshengji，duixingyedoushitiaozhanyujiyubingcun，weiyouyushijujin，cainengyingdexianji。

强化地方碳考核

benci《fangan》haijinyibuqianghualedifangtankaohe。

《fangan》mingque，zaiwunianguihuachuqi，jiangtanpaifangshuangkongzhibiaokexuehelifenjiezhigediqu，yashidifangheqiyejienengjianpaizhutizeren。zaituidonggoujianduocengjipingjiakaohezhibiaotixidetongshi，tuidongjianlishengshiliangjitanpaifangyusuanguanlizhidu。

zuoweizhongguonengyuanshengchanyuxiaofeidezhongyaoshengqu，neimengguzizhiquheshandongshengyijingkaizhannenghaoshuangkongxiangtanpaifangshuangkongzhuanbianxianxingxianshigongzuo。

jinnian1yue，neimengguzizhiqurenminzhengfubangongtingfabu《zizhiqunenghaoshuangkongxiangtanpaifangshuangkongzhuanbianxianxingxianshigongzuofanganji2024niangongzuoyaodiandetongzhi》，tichujiangzai“shiwuwu”shiqi（2026nian—2030nian）quanmianshixingtanpaifangzongliangheqiangdushuangkongzhidu。

5yue，《shandongshengtuidongnenghaoshuangkongzhubuzhuanxiangtanpaifangshuangkongshishifangan(2024-2025nian)》chutai，tichudao2025nianniandijubeiquanmianshishitanpaifangshuangkongzhidudejichuhetiaojian。

“difangtanguanlizaishuangtanzhanlvezhongbanyanzhezhiguanzhongyaodejiaose，qihexindiweiburonghushi。”wuhongjieshuo。

tabiaoshi，tongguojiangzhongyangderenwuzhujixiafangdaodifangshengshi，zaijutidaogegexingyeheqiye，zheiyiguochengquebaoleshuangtanzhengcenenggoushenrudaojingjishehuidemeiyigexibao，zhenzhengshixian“hengxiangdaobian、zongxiangdaodi”dequanfugai。

wuhongjiezhichu，difangzhengfudezhixingliduhefangshishouqiziyuanbingfu、difangshijiqingkuangjijubuliyideyingxiang，daozhibutongdiqudezhixingxiaoguocanchabuqi。zheiyeshidifangshixiannenghaoshuangkongxiangtanpaifangshuangkongzhuanbianmianlindezuidatiaozhan。

2021nian，bufendiquweiwanchengnenghaoshuangkongmubiao，cengchuxianguo“xiandian”dexianxiang。

wuhongjiebiaoshi，difangchuxianshangshuqingkuangyushifoushi“nenghaoshuangkong”haishi“tanpaifangshuangkong”wuguan，shidangdizhuguanbumenduizhengcedezhengquelijieyuyouxiaozhixingdewenti。ruguobunengzhengquelijiezhongyangguanyushuangtandezhengce，leisidejiduanzuofakenenghaihuichuxian。

tacheng，yaobimianleisiqingkuangfasheng，difangzhuguanbumenyaoshenkelijiezhongyangdeshuangtanzhengceyutanzhonghejuexin，xizhifenxibendiquxianzaijijianglaifazhanzhuangkuang，kexueditichubendiqudeshuangtanfangan，youjihuadifenbushishi。

danqirenwei，zongtieryan，difangzhengfuduishuangtangongzuoderenshihezhongshichengduzhengzaibuduantigao，zhixingliduyezaichixujiada。keyiyujiandeshi，suizhezhengcedeshenrushishihebuduanwanshan，shuangtangongzuojiangzaiquanguofanweineiqudegengjiaxianzhudechengxiao。

此外，吴宏杰还指出，congnenghaoshuangkongxiangtanpaifangshuangkongdezhuanbian，jiangshenkeyingxiangbutongdiqudejingjifazhanmoshihechanyebuju。

例如，有丰富煤炭资源的地区，传统上侧重于煤化工产业，高耗能、高排放产业也较多。这些地区的绿色转型并非简单地摒弃煤炭资源，而需在承认其作为国家能源安全基石的同时，寻求更环保、高效的利用方式。这种转型需要协调多方面的因素，包括市场机制、政策支持、技术创新等，以确保既能满足国家能源需求，又能实现绿色低碳发展。

“这就需要不同区域间的产业协调，这至关重要。”吴宏杰认为。

例如，新疆的绿色电力为内地提供了重要的能源支持，内地则在技术、设备和资金等方面为新疆的绿色煤化工项目提供支持。这种双向的互动和协调，促进了资源的优化配置和区域经济的共同发展。

因此，地方在推进双碳产业时，需要充分考虑各自的优势和劣势，通过市场机制和政府引导相结合的方式，实现产业间的协调发展和区域间的合作共赢。这种协调不仅体现在产业结构的调整上，更体现在资源、技术、资金等多方面的整合和优化上。

duiyugenghaotuidongnenghaoshuangkongxiangtanpaifangshuangkongdequanmianzhuanxing，wuhongjiebuchongjianyicheng，yaoyindizhiyi，genjubendiqushijiqingkuang，zhidingkexuehelidezhuanxingfangan；wanshanpeitaozhichizhengce；gezhongchuangxinxingdejinronggongjuyaogenshang；gulipeiyangshuangtanrencai；dalifazhantanpuhuitizhi，gulidazhongcanyutanjianpai。