中国“人才友好型城市”发展指数课题组

中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院、中国人民大学长江经济带研究院：钱明辉、应芷安、潘菲

界面新闻/界面智库：崔宇、毛盾、王玉

2024年5月，中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院、中国人民大学信息资源管理学院、界面新闻/界面智库等lianheqidongle“zhongguorencaiyouhaoxingchengshifazhanzhishu”yanjiu，zhizaikexuepinggubutongquyu“rencaiyouhaoxingchengshi”dejiansheshuiping，faxiangedizairencaipeiyang、yinjinheshiyongguochengzhongde“tongdian”he“dudian”，weigedirencaizhengcezhidingtigongjianjushiyongxinghezhenduixingdecankao。

相关阅读：中国城市人才政策有哪些特征？离“人才友好型”还有多远？

tongguoqianqiduigechengshirencaizhengcedeguangfandiaoyan，ketizufaxian，xianyuzuoweiguominjingjihequyujingzhengdejibendanyuan，qirencaizhengceyechengxianchuxianzhudequyutezheng。weilezaixinshidaiderencaijingzhengzhongzhanjuxianji，dongzhongxibuzhongduoxianyuchengshifenfenchutaileyixiliezhizaixiyin、peiyangheliuzhurencaidezhengcecuoshi。rencaizhengcebujinguanhuxianyujingjijiegoudeyouhuaheshengji，gengzhijieyingxiangdaoquyujingzhenglidetishenghexinxingchengzhenhuadetuijin。

weileshenrulejiedongzhongxigediquxianyuchengshi（baokuoxianhexianjishi）derencaizhengcexianzhuangherencaiyouhaoxingchengshijiansheshuiping，ketizuxuanqulezhejiangtaizhou、hubeixiangyanghesichuanyibinxiaxiade19gexianyuchengshizuoweiguanchayangben。taizhou、xiangyangheyibinzheisangedijichengshifenbieweiyuzhangjiangjingjidaidedongzhongxibu，fenbiexiaxia6ge、6gehe7gexianyuchengshi；sandichengqurenkouguimoxiangdang，2022nianfenbiewei116wanren、131.7wanrenhe124wanren，tongshuyuⅱxingdachengshi（jichengquchangzhurenkou100wanyishang300wanyixiadechengshi）；sandi2022nianrenjungdpfenbiewei9.1wanyuan、10.6wanyuanhe7.4wanyuan。

相关阅读：

县域人才政策观察①|县域城市更“爱才”吗？

县域人才政策观察②|县域城市“筑巢引凤”有何妙招？

ketizuzhenduixianyuchengshideyanjiuyanyongle“zhongguorencaiyouhaoxingchengshifazhanzhishu”deyanjiukuangjia，baokuo“aicaiyouhaodu”“yucaiyouhaodu”“yincaiyouhaodu”he“yongcaiyouhaodu”dengweidu。jiyuzhongshenxuexizhichidu、peiyuxiangmufuchidu、teserencaixuqiudu、jinrongzhichifengfuduherencaichuangyezhichidudengwugeerjizhibiao，benwenjiangduiyangbenxianyuchengshide“yucaiyouhaodu”ji“yongcaiyouhaodu”jinxingzhengcelianghuapinggu。

chulexuanquxiangyingdeyigehuoduogedingxingzhibiaozuoweipingguzhi，bufenerjizhibiaohaibaokuoyixiedingliangzhibiao。qizhong，peiyuxiangmufuchiduzhongdeliangxiangdingliangzhibiaofenbieweiduirencaipeiyuzaitidezuidabutiejineheduirencaipeiyufazhanxiangmudebutieleixingshu；haiyoulianggedingliangzhibiaoshijinrongzhichifengfuduzhongderencaidaikuaneduyijirencaichuangyezhichiduzhongdechuangyedanbaodaikuanedu。suoyouerjizhibiaojunjinxingguiyihuachuli，defenqujianwei0-1。shujulaiyuanbaokuozhengfugongkaipiluwenjianyijizhengfuweixingongzhonghao、xiaochengxupiluderencaixiangguanzhengcedeng。

zongtilaikan，yangbenxianyuchengshizai“yucaiyouhaodu”he“yongcaiyouhaodu”fangmianyouruxiasangetezheng。

一、东中西县域城市“育才用才”各具特色，人才贷款政策普遍乏力

zaizhongshenxuexizhichidushang，taizhoudexianyuchengshiyi0.73depingjunzhigaoyuxiangyang（0.10）heyibin（0.54），fanyingchutaizhouduiyurencaichixuxuexidegaoduzhongshi。liru，taizhoushixianjuxianshishizhongdianlingyurencaipeiyanggongcheng，meinianzuzhihuozizhugaocengcirencaicanyuduanqipeixun、jinxiuhexueshujiaoliu，bingjiaqiangduigeleibajianrencaidepeixunpeiyang，tongshijianlimingjia、mingshi、mingyigongzuoshihexiangturencaishijianjidi。xiangbizhixia，xiangyangxianyuchengshizaizhongshenxuexizhichidushangjiaoweiboruo，xujiaqiangzhengceyindaoheziyuantouru。

zaipeiyuxiangmufuchidufangmian，yibindexianyuchengshibiaoxianxiangduichuse，duirencaipeiyuzaitidezuidabutiejinepingjunfenzhidadao0.25，yuangaoyuxiangyanghetaizhou。yibinzhisuoyinengzaizheiyizhibiaoshanglingxian，yuqifengfudechanyejichuhexionghoudecaizhengshilimibukefen。tongshi，yibinxianyuchengshihaijijiyindaoshehuizibentoururencaipeiyulingyu，tuidongxingchengleduoyuanhua、duocengcidepeiyutixi。dangran，jinguanyibinmouxiexianyuchengshitigonglegaoebutie，danzhengtipingjunzhirengbeiqitajiaodibutiedediquladi，zheifanyingchuyibinxianyuchengshizairencaipeiyuxiangmufuchishangdebujunhengxing。zaipeiyuxiangmufuchidufangmiandelingyigedingliangzhibiao“duirencaipeiyufazhanxiangmudebutieleixingshu”shang，yibinxianyuchengshiyeyouyuxiangyanghetaizhou。yibinbujinzhuzhongchuantongxingyedejinengpeixun，haijijituozhanxinxinglingyudepeiyuxiangmu，congermanzulebutongleixingrencaidefazhanxuqiu。

teserencaixuqiudufanyingdeshigedirencaizhengcezhongshifouduitedingxingyerencaiyoumingquexuqiu。zaigaizhibiaoshang，taizhoudexianyuchengshiyi0.83depingjundefenjushou，yibindexianyuchengshiyi0.71depingjundefenjinsuiqihou，xianshichuliangdixianyuchengshijijidiaozhengrencaizhengce，jiadaduiteserencaideyinjinhepeiyanglidu。duogexianyuchengshizhenduidangdichanyefazhandeshijixuyao，zhenduidangdizhudaochanyeyijizhongdianlingyuchutailezhenduitedingrencaideyouhuizhengce，baokuotigongrutigonggaoebutie、xiangshoutedingrencaidaiyudeng，congeryouxiaoxiyinledaliangteserencaiqianlaifazhan。zheizhongzhengcedaoxiangbujinyouzhuyumanzudangdichanyefazhanderencaixuqiu，yecujinlerencaideliudonghehelipeizhi。

zaiduirencaidejinrongzhichifangmian，taizhoudexianyuchengshizaifengfudushangxiangduituchu。rutaizhouwenlingshizhidingzhengcetuokuanrongziqudao，zaitaizhoushixiaoweiqiyexinyongbaozhengjijinzhongchuangyedanbaojijindejichushang，tansuoshelidaxueshengchuangyeyindaojijin，tongguocangu、fengxianbuchang、genjintouzidengfangshi，yindaoguoyou、shehuizibengongtongshelichuangyetouzizijijin。buguo，xianyuchengshizairencaidaikuanfangmianzhengceshejijiaoshao，daikuanzhengcezhuyaomianxiangchuangyechuangxinqunti。

zairencaichuangyezhichidufangmian，taizhou、yibinxianyuchengshidedingxingzhibiaopingjundefenfenbiewei0.67yu0.64，zaichuangyedanbaodaikuanedudingliangzhibiaoshang，taizhou、yibinxianyuchengshidepingjundefenyegaoyuxiangyang，fanyingchuliangdizaigulirencaichuangyefangmiandejijitaidu。duogexianyuchengshibujintigonglelianghaodechuangyehuanjinghefuwuzhichi，haitongguoshelichuangyejijin、tigongchuangyedanbaodaikuandengfangshi，jiangdilerencaidechuangyefengxianhechengben。

liru，yibingongxianguligejierenshizhaoxiangmuyinrencaidaogongchuangye，duizhongtedaxiangmuchuanguidingxiangshouchuangyezhengcewai，jiyuxiangmuzhaoyinqiantourenyuanzuigao5wanyuanjiangli；duicaiqu“yicaiyincai”dengfangshiyinjineleiyishangrencaide，jiyuzaihongyincaiqiantourenyuanzuigao1wanyuanjiangli。duiruzhuzhongxiaoweiqiyechuangyeyuan、chengshishangquanzhuanyelouyu、nongwenlvjidi、kejifuhuaqi、zhongchuangkongjian、chuangyefuhuajididerencaixiangmu，mianfeitigongbangongchangsuohuojiyubangongchangsuozujinbutie。duibiye5nianneilaigongchuangyededaxuesheng，anyinxingtongqidaikuanjichulilv(lpr)，jiyudaikuanxiane50wanyuanyinei、daikuanqixian3nianneidetiexifuchi。

二、县域城市“育才用才”差异显著，襄阳县域城市普遍表现不佳

jiyuduitaizhou、xiangyangheyibinxiaxia19gexianyuchengshide“yucaiyouhaodu”he“yongcaiyouhaodu”jinxinghengxiangduibi，ketizufaxian，yibinshidegongxian、yunlianxian、pingshanxianhetaizhoushixiaxiadelinhaishi、wenlingshizaiduogepingguweidushangjunyouchusebiaoxian。xiangbizhixia，xiangyangshideyichengshi、baokangxian、guchengxianyijilaohekoushizaiduoshupingjiazhibiaoshangbiaoxianjiaoruo。

zaizhongshenxuexizhichidufangmian，yibinshideyunlianxianyijitaizhoushidexianjuxian、sanmenxian、linhaishi、wenlingshibiaoxiantuchu，defenjundadaole0.80jiyishang。biru，yunlianxianweiquanrizhibenkejiyishangcengcilaiyunqiuzhichuangyerencai、shuqilaiyunshehuishixishijianxueshengdengtigong7-15tianmianfeizhusufuwu，cujingengduodaxueshenghedaiyeqingniantongguojianxishixianjiuye。juzhengfuwenjian，gongyouyunlianxianzhufangbaozhanghefangdichanshiwuzhongxindeng10gedanweishenqingrendingjiuyejianxijidi。erxiangyangshidenanzhangxian、baokangxianyijiyichengshizaicifangmiandefenjiaodi，fanyingchuzheixiexianyuchengshizairencaixuexipeiyangzhichifangmiandebuzu。

zaipeiyuxiangmufuchidufangmian，yibinshidegaoxian、jianganxian、gongxian、pingshanxianyijitaizhoushidexianjuxian、wenlingshibiaoxianxiangduijiaohao，tamenduirencaipeiyuzaitidebutiejinejiaogao，qiezhichiderencaipeiyufazhanxiangmuleixingyejiaoweifengfu。xiangfan，xiangyangshideduogexianyuchengshiyijitaizhoushidesanmenxianheyuhuanshizaicifangmianbiaoxianqianjia，xiangguanxianyuchengshixuyaozengdaduichengshirencaipeiyuzaitidebutielidu，bingfengfurencaipeiyudejianglizhonglei，ruzhichengpingding、qudezhiyezigezhengshudeng。

zaiteserencaixuqiudufangmian，yibinshideduogexianyuchengshiyijitaizhouyuhuanshi、linhaishi、wenlingshijunbiaoxianjiaoweichuse，zheibiaomingzheixiediquzaiteserencaiyinjinhepeiyangfangmianyouzhemingquededingweiheqiangliedexuqiu。yucitongshi，xiangyangshidenanzhangxianyebiaomingleduijishurencaidecezhong，danqitaxianyuchengshizeweichutaixiangguanzhengce。

zaijinrongzhichifengfudufangmian，taizhoushidelinhaishibiaoxianxiangduituchu，dingxingzhibiaodefenwei1.00。juxiangguanzhengce，linhaishiqiyeyinjinjuyougaojizhichenghuoboshixueweidenggaocengcirencai，zhifudeyicixingzhufangbutie、anjiafei、keyanqidongjingfeidengfeiyong，kejushizaijisuanqiyesuodeshuiqiankouchu。

zairencaichuangyezhichidufangmian，yibinshidegongxian、yunlianxian、jianganxian、xingwenxian、pingshanxianyijitaizhoushidetiantaixian、linhaishidengbiaoxianjiaohao，tamenzaichuangyedanbaodaikuaneduhedingxingzhibiaoshangjunyoubucuodebiaoxian。zheixiechengshiweirencaitigonglelianghaodechuangyehuanjinghezhengcezhichi。

三、相较市级政策，县域城市“育才用才”定量指标普遍较弱

yushijizhengcexiangbi，xianyuchengshizai“yucaiyongcaizhengce”dedingliangzhibiaoshangpubianbiaoxianjiaoruo。zheizhuyaoshiyouyuxianyuchengshizaicaizhengshili、chanyejichu、rencaiziyuandengfangmianyushijicunzaichaju，daozhizhengcezhidingheshishishangshoudaoyidingxianzhi。danzaimouxiejutizhibiaoshang，bufenxianyuchengshidebiaoxianchaoyueleshiji。

yitaizhouweili，shijizaizhongshenxuexizhichidu、peiyuxiangmufuchidu（leixingshu）、teserencaixuqiududengduozhibiaoshangjungaoyuxianyuchengshipingjunzhi。buguozaipeiyuxiangmufuchidu（zuidabutiejine）shang，taizhoumouxiexianyuchengshidebutiejinequechaochushijishuiping。rutaizhouxianjuxianduibeiquedingweiguojiaji“haiwaigaocengcirencaichuangxinchuangyejidi”dejiyujidiyituodanwei300wanyuanjidijianshezizhu。zheizhuyaoshiyouyuzheixiexianyuchengshigenjuzishenchanyeteseherencaixuqiu，zhidinglegengjiajingzhun、youxiaodefuchizhengce，congershixianlezhengcexiaoguodezuidahua，cujinlechanyedejiasufazhan。

xiangyangxianyuchengshizaiyucaiyijiyongcaifangmiancunzaijiaodadezhengcetishengkongjian。xiangyangxianyuchengshidingliangzhibiaojunzhipubiandiyushiji，youqishizaipeiyuxiangmufuchiduherencaichuangyezhichidufangmian。raner，zaijinrongzhichifengfudu（rencaidaikuanedu）shang，jinguanxianyuchengshipingjunzhiwei0，danshijitongyangmeiyoutigongdaikuanzhichi。zheifanyingchuxiangyanggejizhengfuzaijinrongzhichirencaifazhanfangmianhaiyoudaijiaqiang，xuyaojinyibuwanshanjinrongzhengcehefuwutixi，weirencaitigonggengjiaquanmian、youxiaodejinrongzhichi。

yibindexianyuchengshizaibufenzhibiaoshangbiaoxiantuchu，ruzaiteserencaixuqiudushangjiejinshijishuiping，peiyuxiangmufuchiduherencaichuangyezhichidushangjunyouzhibiaolingxianshiji。zaijinrongzhichifengfudu（rencaidaikuanedu）shang，yibinmouxiexianyuchengshiyujinrongjigouhezuo，tuichulezhuanmenzhenduirencaidedaikuanchanpin，tigonglejiaogaodedaikuanedu，danyushijishuipingxiangbi，xianyucengmianrengyoujiaodajiaqiangdekongjian。tongshi，zairencaichuangyezhichidudedingxingpinggushang，yibinxianyuchengshidepingjunzhiyejiejinshijishuiping，zheifanyingchuyibinzaigulirencaichuangyefangmiandejijitaiduheyouxiaojucuo。

zongshangsuoshu，dongzhongxibugexianyuchengshiyinggenjuzishenshijiqingkuang，zhidinggengjiajingzhunyouxiaodeyucaiyongcaizhengce，bingtigaoduirencaidejinronghechuangyezhichilidu，yigongguhetishengchengshiderencaijingzhenglihexiyinli。tongshi，shijizhengfuyeyingjiaqiangduixianyuchengshidezhengcezhidaohezhichi，tuidongxingchenggengjiawanshan、xiediaoderencaizhengcetixi，gongtongcujinquyurencaidefanronghefazhan。