编者按：近日，公安部、中央政法委、最高人民法院、教育部、民政部、司法部、国家卫生健康委、全国妇联、国务院妇儿工委办联合印发《关于加强家庭暴力告诫制度贯彻实施的意见》，旨在进一步发挥家庭暴力告诫制度作用，积极干预化解家庭、婚恋矛盾纠纷，有效预防和制止家庭暴力，维护平等、和睦、文明的家庭关系，促进家庭和谐、社会稳定。

zhenduishehuiguanzhudujiaogaodejiatingbaolizhengjubiaozhundengwenti，《yijian》mingque，gonganjiguanrendingjiatingbaolishishidejibenzhengjutiaojianbaokuo：jiahairenduishishijiatingbaoliwuyiyide，xuyaojiahairenchenshu、shouhairenchenshuhuozhezhengrenzhengyan；jiahairenfourenshishijiatingbaolide，xuyaoshouhairenchenshuhuozhezhengrenzhengyanyijilingwaiyizhongfuzheng。tongshi，mingquelegonganjiguanrendingjiatingbaolishishikeyishiyongdefuzhengleixing，baokuojilujiatingbaolifashengguochengdeshitingziliao，jiatingbaolixiangguandianhualuyin、duanxin、jishitongxunxinxi、dianziyoujiandengdianzishuju，qinyou、linjudengzhengrendezhengyan，dangshirenweichengnianzinvsuozuodeyuqinianling、zhilixiangshiyingdezhengyan，jiahairencengchujudehuiguoshuhuozhebaozhengshu，shangqingjiandingyijian，yiliaojigoudezhenliaojilu，xiangguanbumendanweishoudaodejiatingbaolitousu、fanyinghuozheqiuzhujiludeng8leizhengju。ju《renminribao》，jin2023nian，genju《fanjiatingbaolifa》youguanguiding，quanguogonganjiguanchujugaojieshu9.8wanfen。

界面文化长期关注和跟进家暴事件，包括此前的拉姆被前夫烧死事件、、博主宇芽遭遇家暴事件、、dengdeng。《fanjiabaofa》zaizhongguoshishiyijinshigeniantou，duiyujiabaoshouhaizhedeshehuizhichiwangluorengbujianquan。zai《yijian》yinfazhiji，womenzhongfajiuwen，yihuyucongjingchajieru、gelishibaozheyushouhaizhe、xinlizixunhuoshegongjieru、shoujizhengjutijiaofatingdaozuihoulikaishibaozhedezheigemanzhangliuchengdejianquanhewanshan。

《家暴源于全社会缺乏系统性的支持网络》

撰文 | 罗广彦

编辑 | 黄月

xuduowenzhangyijingzhichu，jiangjiabaoguijiuyushouhaizhederuanruoyubuzuoweishihuangmiude，yincizhuanerjujiaoyushibaozhexinlicaozongdejizhiyijifalvdeloudong。erruguoconggengguangkuodedeshijiaolaiguanchajiatingbaoli，womenyekeyifaxian，jiatingbaolibujinjinshishibaozhehuofalvloudongzaojiude，jiabaoyuanyuquanshehuiquefaxitongxingdezhichiwangluo，qishixingyuweixiyoulaiyuquanshehuiduiyujiabaoshouhaizhezhangqideshierbujian。tongshi，jiabaoyeshixingbiebaolizuicanrendezhanyan，yinweitabaofazaixiandaishehuizhongbeishiweishibihusuodejiatinghuoqinmiguanxizhong，zaodaolaizibenyingzuiqinmidebanlvzaishentiyujingshenshangdeshuangzhonggongji，bingqiezheizhongtongkuwangwangyouyuxingbieyinsubiandenanyitaoli。youci，taolichengweileyijiannanyixiangxiangzhishi。

jinguanzhongguozaozai2016nianjiuyijingkaishishishi《fanjiabaofa》，danzheibingbuyiweizhexitongxingdefanjiabaoyijibaohushouhaizhedezhiduyishunlijiancheng。congxunqiujingchajieru、gelishibaozheyushouhaizhe、xinlizixunhuoshegongjieru、shoujizhengjutijiaofatingdaozuihoulikaishibaozhe，zheigeliantiaodemeiyigehuanjiedoukenengzuzhinvxingxunqiuwaijiedebangzhu。

liruzaibaohujiabaoshouhaizhedeshijianzhong，bihusuobeishiweiyigefeichangzhongyaodekongjian，yinweitabujinnengbaozhengshouhaizheyuqihaizideanquan，tongshiyeshishouhaizhezhongfanzhengchangshenghuodeyigeqianshaozhan。meiguoguojiasifayanjiuyuanzizhudebaogao《》zhongtidao，bihusuonenggoubaozhengjiabaoshouhaizhejiqihaizideanquan，weitamentigongsifashangdexiezhu，rangshouhaizhenenggouchenggongqisushibaozhebingdedaorenshenbaohulingdebaohu。tongshi，bihusuoyenengweishouhaizhetigongxinlizixunyuzhiyepeixun，bangzhushouhaizhezhaodaogongzuobingweihaizizhaodaoxuexiaojiudu，yiciweishouhaizhetigongshenghuoyujingshenshangdezhichi，bimianshouhaizhexianruwuzhu，zhinenghuidaoshibaozheshenbian。

womende《fanjiabaofa》zhongdequeyoutidaodifangzhengfukeyisheli“weijiatingbaolishouhairentigonglinshishenghuobangzhu”debihuchangsuo，danruzhonghuanvzixueyuanfaxueyuanjiangshiliuyongtingsuode，youyubingmeiyoumingquejiedingbihusuodeshezhibiaozhun、shenqing、tuolibihudetiaojian、richangguanlidengxize，tabingbunengqidaoshexiangzhongdezuoyong。erzaishijianzhong，youyu《fanjiabaofa》yunxudifangzhengfu“yituojiuzhuguanlijigoushelilinshibihuchangsuo”，youdedifangjiangbihusuoshezailaorenyuanhuominzhengshehuijiuzhuzhan，baohushouhairenrenshenanquandexiaoguoyejiuxiangdangkeyi。ermuqianbihusuoderuzhulvyefeichangdi，youdejibenchuyukongzhizhuangtai，bihusuotongguoduishouhaizhedexinli、falvyushenghuotigongzhichi，yizhuqizhongfanzhengchangshenghuodegongnenggengshiwanquanbeihushi。

chulegongquanlibumen，shehuizuzhishizuzhijiatingbaoli、bangzhushouhaizhelikaishibaobanlvdelingyizhongyaojigou。danyouyuquefaziyuan，zhongguodeshehuizuzhitongyangyewufaweijiabaoshouhaizhetigongzugoudezhichi。genjubeijingwoqigongyijijinhuibianzhude《》，quanzhongguozhiyou73jiafanjiabaoshehuizuzhi，qiedabufenzaiyixianyuersanxiandefadachengshiyunzuo，zhiyou23.3%dezuzhinenggouxiangbianyuanbufadanongcundiqutigongfuwu，zheiyifenbuzhuangkuangyuzhongguoshehuidexianshixuqiuxiangqushenyuan。zhongguorenmindaxuedeyanjiuzhesongyuepingyuzhangjingwenzai《》yiwenzhongzhichu，dongbudiqufunvzaoshoudegeleijiatingbaolibilizuidi，zhongbuqici，xibudiqufunvzaoshoujiatingbaolideqingkuangzuiyanzhong；erfanjiabaoshehuizuzhidefenbuzeshidongnanyanhaizuiduo，zhongbucizhi，xibuyipiankongbai。

这正是中国反家暴现状的缩影。无论是政府还是社会，并没有构建出一个支持家暴受害者的网络，保证他们在离开施暴者后能够处于安全自主dezhuangtai，youjihuihuidaozhengchangdeshehuishenghuozhongqu。ruguomeiyouxiangyingdebangzhu，yigewulunshishentihaishijingshenshangzhangqibaoshouzhemodeshouhaizhe，genbenwufashetantaolishibaozhe，gengbuyongshuo，tamenhaiyaomianduitaolishibaihoubianbenjialidenvedai。

界面文化曾在《比“受害者为何不离开”更重要的，是质问施暴者为何有恃无恐》yiwenzhongzhichu，fuquanzhirangjiabaohelihua，bingcushinanrentongguoduinvxingshijiabaoli，laizhanxianzijidequanliyunanxingqizhi。erdangnvxingshouhaizhexiwangtaolishi，xingbieyouchengweiyifugengchenzhongdejiasuo，shizhicunbunanxing。xuduorenkenengyijingzhuyidao，jiabaoshouhaizhezaiqisushibaozhehuoyaoqiulihunshi，“guquanjiating”dexingbieqidairangsifabumenheyuanshengjiatingqingxiangyugulitamenyushibaodebanlvweichixianyoudeguanxi。

genghongguanyegengyinbidejingjiyinsu，tongyangyeshizuzhishouhainvxinglikaideyuanyin。xianrentiannaxidaxuejingjixuejiaoshouamy farmeryukeluoladuoxueyuanjingjixuejiaoshoujill tiefenthalerzai《》zhongzhichu，nvxingshouruyuegao，shoudaojiatingbaolidekenengxingyueshao，yuekenenglikaiyoubaolixingweidezhangfu。jingjishourushibaozhengshouhaizhenenggoudulizizhushenghuodeqianti，dancong1990niankaishi，woguodexingbieshouruchajujiukaishilada，zaigongzuoshijianchabuduodeqingkuangxia，nannvshourudebiliquelaiyuexuanshu，yincinanxingkeyiweijiatingtigonggengfengyudeshouru。ciwaigenju《》baodao，youyudabufendanqinmamayaoduzizhaoguzinvhelaoren，jiuyexingshifeichangzaogao，shoufangdedanqinmamasanchengyishangdouchuyudaiyezhuangtai。duiweilaijingjishourudeyuji——youqishijianghaizinangkuozaikaolvfanweizhineishi——likaijiatingduiyunvxingeryanjiuchengleyigegengjiannandexuanze。

wuchubuzaidexingbiebaoli，yuzhiliposuideshehuizhichiwangluo，gongtonggouzhuleqiujinjiabaoshouhaizhedelaolong。dangbaoliyizuicanbaoyounanyihuibidefangshichuxianzaizaidazhongmianqian，renmenquediediebuxiudijiewenshouhaizheweihebulikaihuobuxingdong——zheizhishituixiezerendeyizhongfangshi。qiaqiaxiangfan，shoujiabaonvxingmendebuxingdong，zhengshiduizhenzhengbuxingdongdezhengfu、shehuizuzhiyushehuiwenhuadejuejiayingzhao：dangshibaozhenenggouqingsongtuoshen，dangshehuibunengjiyuzugouzhichi，sheiyouyouzigeyaoqiujiabaoshouhaizheziyouditaoli、（bu）yuanlianghuoshibenxiangxinshenghuoni？